Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

balkan, romani, contents, history, dialects, geographical, distribution, phonology, orthography, vocabulary, grammar, references, external, links, morphology,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
romani (73), the (64), #balkan (35), and (29), language (28), languages (22), macedonia (15), edit (14), from (12), turkish (12), are (12), dialects (11), retrieved (10), north (10), greek (9), 2017 (9), december (9), dialect (9), not (9), wikipedia (8), turkey (8), pdf (7), grammar (7), arli (7), serbia (7), this (6), other (6), have (6), biš (6), greece (6), roma (6), page (5), links (5), europe (5), northern (5), part (5), via (5), morphology (5), history (5), bulgaria (5), contents (4), search (4), view (4), contact (4), with (4), balkans (4), sign (4), main (4), good (4), victor (4), friedman (4), 2013 (4), archived (4), matras (4), google (4), books (4), isbn (4), many (4), also (4), all (4), anav (4), lačho (4), written (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), you (3), non (3), use (3), articles (3), different (3), iran (3), arabic (3), english (3), persian (3), bulgarian (3), armenian (3), standardization (3), varieties (3), zargari (3), sepečides (3), rumelian (3), people (3), original (3), university (3), oxford (3), most (3), within (3), has (3), some (3), isi (3), isinom (3), elvis (3), bugurdži (3), words (3), european (3), create (3), etc (3), albania (3), kosovo (3), group (3), geographical (3), spoken (3), romania (3), speakers (3), indo (3), tools (3), table (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), text (2), terms (2), may (2), using (2), wikimedia (2), was (2), categories (2), wayback (2), ethnologue (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), portal (2), central (2), tatar (2), serbian (2), crimean (2), day (2), related (2), writing (2), romano (2), vlax (2), lesson (2), basic (2), conversation (2), ursari (2), republic (2), status (2), external (2), yaron (2), peter (2), john (2), benjamins (2), publishing (2), mahimahi (2), uchicago (2), edu (2), june (2), studies (2), compartmentalized (2), verbal (2), 2012 (2), years (2), gypsy (2), 1995 (2), graz (2), rumelia (2), press (2), encyclopedia (2), references (2), influenced (2), because (2), there (2), but (2), derived (2), indian (2), two (2), influence (2), hard (2), where (2), nouns (2), panc (2), štar (2), trin (2), duj (2), jekh (2), meaning (2), raklija (2), sijum (2), married (2), romnjakoro (2), prandime (2), tut (2), name (2), what (2), sar (2), lačhi (2), rat (2), originate (2), ultimately (2), origin (2), sources (2), vocabulary (2), does (2), distinctive (2), distinguished (2), orthography (2), these (2), phonology (2), kalajdži (2), drindari (2), called (2), sofia (2), erli (2), southern (2), distribution (2), information (2), moldova (2), ukraine (2), ethnicity (2), migrated (2), throughout (2), parts (2), balkaniko (2), romanes (2), 000 (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, under, additional, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, september, 2026, utc, hidden, webarchive, template, containing, citing, https, org, index, php, title, balkan_romani, oldid, 1376183122, category, bird, whistle, taurus, mardin, french, german, foreign, uyghur, urdu, ubykh, turkmen, russian, mandarin, chinese, macedonian, lezgi, kyrgyz, kumyk, kazakh, karakalpak, kabardian, chechen, bosnian, avar, albanian, adyghe, abkhaz, abaza, immigrant, zaza, syriac, assyrian, neo, aramaic, romeika, pomak, megleno, romanian, levantine, laz, ladino, kurmanji, kurdish, georgian, domari, gagauz, azerbaijani, unrecognized, hebrew, western, eastern, recognized, minority, official, indicate, extinct, italics, world, sutka, city, rtk, khrlo, romengo, media, institute, for, finland, organizations, bible, translations, alphabets, scottish, cant, scandoromani, laiuse, erromintxela, caló, bohemian, angloromani, mixed, early, proto, carpathian, baltic, kalderash, welsh, sinte, finnish, kalo, news, movie, trailer, future, usage, sociolinguistic, perspectives, machine, third, millennium, progress, problems, incubator, test, bakker, chukov, khristo, january, 1997, 9027236615, typology, dialectology, gardani, francesco, arkadiev, amiridze, nino, 2014, walter, gruyter, gmbh, 9781614513209, borrowed, march, 2016, banff, papers, 120, project, muse, 143457957, s2cid, 3828, doi, 107, variable, integration, conjugation, 100, karl, franzens, universität, uni, romlex, britannica, com, historical, area, ventcel, tat, jana, lev, čerenkov, 1976, dialekty, cyganskogo, jazyka, jazyki, azii, afriki, 283, 332, moskva, nauka, 9789027276483, structure, sociology, brian, joseph, 2003, frawley, ohio, state, 155, 2018, 153, international, linguistics, silverman, carol, february, 9780199910229, routes, cultural, politics, music, diaspora, 25th, 2022, again, heavily, both, sort, melting, pot, influences, might, influential, such, substrate, appears, medieval, plays, large, role, conjugations, widely, embedded, oftentimes, difficult, tell, difference, between, depending, geography, originating, paradigms, along, much, origins, which, why, viewed, professionals, thus, see, one, ends, begins, nominal, endings, masculine, loan, continuum, dešuenjá, dešuoxtó, dešueftá, dešušóv, dešupánc, dešuštár, dešutrín, dešuduj, dešujekh, deš, enjá, oxtó, eftá, šov, literal, number, girlfriend, man, unmarried, biromnjakoro, biprandime, yes, sijan, isinan, pleased, meet, šukar, dikhav, lošalo, kaj, avdom, your, tiro, night, dive, morning, sabalje, saba, lexical, defining, extremely, important, however, loans, byzantine, make, pre, lexicon, trace, definite, those, complex, puzzle, proposed, alphabet, follows, standard, been, attempt, 1992, conference, based, latin, script, rhotics, schwa, rare, occur, substituted, vowel, džambaz, wagon, aspiration, root, always, eye, final, devoicing, father, palatalization, work, done, water, pai, pani, ćerdo, kerdo, buči, buti, dad, jakh, vurdon, vërdon, retains, aspirated, consonants, tʃʰ, indic, majority, immigrants, pazardžik, northeastern, razgrad, today, historically, volos, west, izmir, sepeči, crimea, kyrymitika, prilep, prizren, place, sub, elšík, uses, classification, examples, zis, distinct, subdivision, known, includes, inter, alia, moldavia, who, speak, themselves, another, prefix, someone, belonging, constantly, into, since, new, formed, although, originated, india, they, now, widespread, rom, specific, groups, typically, oral, elp, balk1252, glottolog, rmn, iso, 639, codes, dzambazi, east, ironworker, tinners, ursári, usari, lovari, aryan, iranian, family, 600, 200, jerlídes, hungary, slovenia, croatia, bosnia, herzegovina, native, free, item, wikifunctions, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, link, here, general, actions, talk, українська, српски, srpski, shqip, slovenščina, srpskohrvatski, српскохрватски, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ, русский, română, piemontèis, norsk, nynorsk, nederlands, македонски, ქართული, italiano, hrvatski, français, català, bosanski, subsection, top, personal, special, pages, recent, community, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
balkan romani wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 dialects 3 geographical distribution 4 phonology 5 orthography 6 vocabulary 7 grammar toggle grammar subsection 7 1 morphology 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents balkan romani 18 languages bosanski català français hrvatski italiano ქართული македонски nederlands norsk nynorsk piemontèis română русский ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenščina shqip српски srpski українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikifunctions wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia romani dialect of the balkans balkan romani balkaniko romanes native to bulgaria north macedonia kosovo serbia greece albania bosnia and herzegovina turkey romania croatia slovenia hungary moldova ethnicity roma jerlídes north macedonia southern serbia speakers l1 600 000 2013 1 l2 200 000 1 language family indo european indo iranian indo aryan romani balkan romani dialects arli dzambazi east bulgarian romani greek romani ironworker romani rumelian sepečides tinners romani ursári erli usari lovari zargari language codes iso 639 3 rmn glottolog balk1252 elp balkan romani balkan roma balkaniko romanes or balkan gypsy is a specific non vlax dialect of the romani language spoken by groups within the balkans the balkan romani language is typically an oral language history edit most of the people who speak balkan romani are roma themselves another meaning of the prefix rom is someone belonging to the roma ethnicity 2 the roma are ultimately of indian origin 3 speakers of the balkan romani language have constantly migrated throughout the years into all parts of europe since these speakers have migrated to different parts of europe new dialects have formed although the roma originated in india they are now widespread throughout all of europe 4 dialects edit balkan dialects also known as balkan i are spoken in albania bulgaria greece iran north macedonia moldova romania serbia turkey and ukraine this group includes inter alia arli romani greece north macedonia sepečides romani greece turkey ursari romani moldavia romania and crimean romani ukraine zis dialects also called balkan ii are a distinct subdivision within the balkan group bugurdži drindari and kalajdži romani are spoken in north macedonia kosovo serbia and in northern and central bulgaria elšík uses this classification and dialect examples geographical information from matras geographical distribution edit sub group dialect place southern balkan prizren kosovo arli greece albania north macedonia serbia prilep north macedonia kyrymitika crimea 5 sofia erli sofia zargari iran sepeči northern greece at volos west turkey at izmir rumelian european part of today s turkey historically called rumelia 6 northern balkan bugurdži north macedonia serbia 7 razgrad drindari northeastern bulgaria pazardžik kalajdži bulgaria and immigrants in north macedonia and serbia phonology edit balkan romani retains the aspirated consonants pʰ tʰ tʃʰ kʰ of other indic languages these are distinctive in the majority of romani varieties orthography edit balkan romani does not have a written standard there has been an attempt at standardization at a 1992 conference in north macedonia based on the arli dialect and using the latin script x and h are distinctive in some dialects but not in the arli dialect and so are not distinguished in writing the two rhotics are also not distinguished schwa is rare in arli where it does occur it is substituted with the vowel of džambaz or some other dialect e g vërdon vurdon wagon aspiration in a root is always written e g jakh eye final devoicing is not written e g dad father palatalization is not written e g buti work not buči etc kerdo done not ćerdo etc pani water not pai etc 8 the proposed alphabet is as follows 8 a b c č čh d dž e f g h i j k kh l m n o p ph r s š t th u v ž vocabulary edit turkish lexical influence is a defining and extremely important part of the romani dialect in the balkans most of the words however originate from persian loans from persian armenian and byzantine greek make up the pre european lexicon ultimately it is hard to trace the definite origin of all the words because the words of balkan romani originate from many sources and the sources of those languages create a complex puzzle 9 romani bugurdži macedonia romani arli macedonia english lačho to saba h i lačho o sabalje good morning lačho to zi e s lačho o dive good day lačhi ti rat lačhi i rat good night sar isi to anav sar si tiro anav what s your name mo anav isi elvis mo anav si elvis my name is elvis isinom lošalo kaj avdom tut šukar te dikhav tut pleased to meet you isinan prandime sijan li romnjakoro are you married va me isinom prandime va me sijum romnjakoro yes i m married na me isinom biprandime na me sijum biromnjakoro no i m unmarried me isi man raklija me si ma raklija i have a girlfriend number romani literal meaning 1 jekh 1 2 duj 2 3 trin 3 4 štar 4 5 panc 5 6 šov 6 7 eftá 7 8 oxtó 8 9 enjá 9 10 deš 10 11 dešujekh 10 1 12 dešuduj 10 2 13 dešutrín 10 3 14 dešuštár 10 4 15 dešupánc 10 5 16 dešušóv 10 6 17 dešueftá 10 7 18 dešuoxtó 10 8 19 dešuenjá 10 9 20 biš 20 21 biš te jekh 20 1 22 biš te duj 20 2 23 biš te trin 20 3 24 biš te štar 20 4 25 biš te panc 20 5 grammar edit turkish grammar plays a large role in balkan romani the use of turkish conjugations is widely embedded within balkan romani and oftentimes it is difficult to tell the difference between the grammar of the two languages depending on geography balkan romani has compartmentalized grammar 10 originating from turkish verbal paradigms along with some greek influence 11 much of the morphology of the language has greek and turkish origins which is why the language is viewed by many professionals as a dialect continuum and thus it is hard to see where one language ends and the other begins all romani dialects use greek derived nominal endings masculine nouns and loan nouns 12 morphology edit the morphology of the balkan romani language is again heavily influenced by both the turkish and greek languages many people view this language as a sort of melting pot because there are so many different influences on it turkish and greek might be the most influential languages on balkan romani but other languages such as armenian have also influenced it part of the substrate of balkan romani appears to be derived from medieval northern indian languages 13 references edit 1 2 balkan romani at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 silverman carol 14 february 2012 romani routes cultural politics and balkan music in diaspora oxford university press isbn 9780199910229 retrieved 15 december 2017 via google books brian d joseph 2003 w frawley ed the balkan languages pdf oxford international encyclopedia of linguistics 1 the ohio state university oxford university press 153 155 archived from the original pdf on 2018 10 24 retrieved 2017 05 07 matras yaron 1 june 1995 romani in contact the history structure and sociology of a language john benjamins publishing isbn 9789027276483 retrieved 15 december 2017 via google books ventcel tat jana v lev n čerenkov 1976 dialekty cyganskogo jazyka jazyki azii i afriki i 283 332 moskva nauka rumelia historical area europe britannica com retrieved 15 december 2017 romani dialects romlex karl franzens universität graz romani uni graz at 1 2 victor friedman 1995 romani standardization and status in the republic of macedonia in matras ed romani in contact 100 years of gypsy studies pdf mahimahi uchicago edu archived from the original pdf on 4 may 2012 retrieved 15 december 2017 friedman victor a 6 june 2013 compartmentalized grammar the variable non integration of turkish verbal conjugation in romani dialects romani studies 23 1 107 120 doi 10 3828 rs 2013 5 s2cid 143457957 retrieved 15 december 2017 via project muse the banff papers pdf mahimahi uchicago edu archived from the original pdf on 15 march 2016 retrieved 15 december 2017 gardani francesco arkadiev peter amiridze nino 11 december 2014 borrowed morphology walter de gruyter gmbh co kg isbn 9781614513209 retrieved 15 december 2017 via google books matras yaron bakker peter ki u chukov khristo 1 january 1997 the typology and dialectology of romani john benjamins publishing isbn 9027236615 retrieved 15 december 2017 via google books external links edit balkan romani test of wikipedia at wikimedia incubator romani language in macedonia in the third millennium progress and problems archived 2013 05 10 at the wayback machine victor friedman the romani language in the republic of macedonia status usage and sociolinguistic perspectives victor friedman the future of a language good news romani balkan ursari people language movie trailer romani language lesson 1 basic conversation part 1 romani language lesson 1 basic conversation part 2 v t e romani language s romani varieties balkan romani rumelian romani sepečides romani zargari romani northern romani finnish kalo sinte romani welsh romani vlax romani kalderash romani other baltic romani carpathian romani proto languages early romani mixed varieties angloromani bohemian romani caló erromintxela laiuse romani romano greek romano serbian scandoromani scottish cant writing alphabets bible translations organizations institute for the languages of finland media khrlo e romengo rtk 2 sutka city tv related standardization world day of romani language italics indicate extinct languages v t e languages of turkey official language turkish minority languages recognized armenian eastern western bulgarian greek hebrew unrecognized azerbaijani balkan gagauz turkish balkan romani domari georgian kurdish kurmanji ladino laz levantine arabic megleno romanian pomak bulgarian romeika syriac assyrian neo aramaic zaza ki immigrant languages abaza abkhaz adyghe albanian arabic avar bosnian chechen crimean tatar kabardian karakalpak kazakh kumyk kyrgyz lezgi macedonian mandarin chinese persian russian serbian tatar turkmen ubykh urdu uyghur main foreign languages english german arabic french sign languages turkish sign language mardin sign language central taurus sign language whistle languages turkish bird language turkey portal category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title balkan_romani oldid 1376183122 categories romani in europe romani language dialects languages of turkey languages of the balkans languages of iran hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata language articles citing ethnologue 25 articles containing balkan romani language text webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 22 september 2026 at 16 08 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents balkan romani 18 languages add topic