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central locations for industry manufacturing and trade can be found in the north and east of the city in the north around the bamberg harbor there is a large industrial area that partly extends into the hallstadt urban area bosch operates one if its largest plant in germany in the east and is also the city s most important employer 38 relevant economic sectors in bamberg are the automotive supply industry electrical engineering and the food industry the traditional industry of market gardening with large inner city cultivation areas which has characterized the city since its beginnings is still present due to its unesco world heritage status and the more than 800 000 overnight guests a year in the city alone tourism hotels and gastronomy also play a central role in the city s economy 39 key economic figures edit in the 2010s bamberg s gross domestic product increased by a total of 17 7 the city of bamberg generated 5 1 billion in 2021 66 543 per capita gross domestic product gdp per capita in bamberg 40 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 52 403 54 083 53 694 56 029 56 320 58 070 60 349 62 917 64 083 64 040 63 650 66 543 in the 2016 future atlas bamberg was ranked 32nd out of 402 districts municipal associations and independent cities in germany making it one of the places with very high future prospects the number of business registrations in the city of bamberg remains at a high level in the independent city of bamberg the number of business registrations in 2023 was 682 compared to 655 registrations the year before in 2021 702 new companies were registered with the city of bamberg the number of businesses in the city of bamberg for 2023 is 2 624 companies 87 of these businesses employ more than 100 people of these almost half 969 are craft businesses 41 labour market and employment figures edit as the population in the city has grown the number of employees has also risen continuously in recent years 40 between 2005 and 2022 the number of employees increased by almost 20 41 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 employees subject to social security contributions 52 259 53 181 54 078 54 695 54 478 57 435 55 414 56 491 number of unemployed people 1 894 1 839 1 765 1 628 1 579 1 922 1 931 1 814 there are around 56 500 people in employment in the city in 2022 the unemployment rate in december 2022 was 4 3 above the bavarian average of 3 1 in the neighboring district of bamberg the unemployment rate was 2 3 42 industry and manufacturing edit important sectors of the manufacturing industry in bamberg are drive technologies and electrical engineering bosch has been operating a production facility in bamberg with over 6000 employees since 1939 the company produces energy mobility and drive systems in particular spark plugs for the automotive industry due to its dependence on the combustion engine the company announced in 2019 that it would be switching to fuel cells 145 although around 1000 jobs are to be transferred to other locations from 2026 coburg based automotive supplier brose has had an administration building with 600 employees on berliner ring since 2016 together with the plant in hallstadt the region is the company s second largest location with more than 2 000 employees 43 another important company is wieland electric in the field of electrical engineering the company was founded in bamberg in 1910 and is considered a pioneer in electrical connection technology and is still the world market leader for pluggable installation technology in the building sector 44 rudolf zimmermann bamberg rzb with over 800 employees worldwide produces lights and lighting systems near the port of bamberg 45 over 70 companies are located on the 100 hectares of the port in 2023 over 416 000 tons of goods were loaded at the port especially foodstuffs and bulk goods in addition over 700 river cruise ships docked here 46 the bamberg asphalt mixing plant 47 and a schwenk concrete plant are also located in the immediate vicinity 48 bamberg is also home to numerous small and medium sized companies in other sectors one special feature here is the centuries old tradition of instrument making organ building which is currently being continued by master craftsman thomas eichfelder is particularly noteworthy as is the construction of violins clarinets and other woodwind instruments 49 tourism and retail edit bamberg s city centre is characterized by a diverse retail sector partly due to tourism this generated a turnover of 682 million euros in 2023 in the 2018 shopping mile ranking by real estate company jones lang lasalle jll bamberg was ranked first in germany for cities with fewer than 100 000 inhabitants with an average of 5 155 visitors per hour the grüner markt was the 52nd most popular shopping street in germany in 2023 the grüner markt had almost 8 5 million passers by an increase of 130 000 visitors compared to the previous year 50 bamberg recorded 807 294 overnight stays in 2023 an increase of 11 compared to 2022 85 of overnight guests came from germany 15 from abroad the proportion of travelers from abroad rose particularly sharply in 2023 at 22 the most important tourist countries of origin are the us the netherlands poland and austria tourism generates around 330 million euros in gross revenue in bamberg every year in the hospitality retail and service sectors this results in an income of 153 million euros 41 attractions edit the bamberg horseman a local symbol and the first near life size stone equestrian statue since antiquity michaelsberg abbey town hall rathaus details the town of bamberg was inscribed on the unesco world heritage list in 1993 due to its medieval layout and its well preserved historic buildings 9 since the middle ages urban gardening has been practiced in bamberg the market gardeners district together with the city on the hills and the island district is an integral part of the world heritage site in 2005 the municipality established a unit to coordinate the implementation of the world heritage convention in bamberg in 2019 a visitor and interpretation centre opened for the world heritage site 51 some of the main sights are bamberg cathedral 1237 with the tombs of emperor henry ii and pope clement ii alte hofhaltung residence of the bishops in the 16th and 17th centuries neue residenz residence of the bishops after the 17th century bamberg state library in the new residence old town hall 1386 built in the middle of the regnitz river accessible by two bridges klein venedig little venice a colony of fishermen s houses from the 19th century along one bank of the river regnitz michaelsberg abbey built in the 12th century on one of bamberg s seven hills the former benedictine abbey which once housed a brewery is now home to the franconian brewery museum 52 altenburg castle former residence of the bishops cathedral main article bamberg cathedral bamberg cathedral is a late romanesque building with four towers it was founded in 1002 by emperor henry ii finished in 1012 10 and consecrated on 6 may 1012 it was later partially destroyed by fire in 1081 the new cathedral built by saint otto of bamberg was consecrated in 1111 53 and in the 13th century received its present late romanesque form 54 the cathedral is 94 m 308 ft long 28 m 92 ft wide 26 m 85 ft high and the four towers are each about 81 m 266 ft high it contains many historic works of art such as the marble tomb of the founder and his wife considered one of the greatest works of the sculptor tilman riemenschneider and carved between 1499 and 1513 55 another treasure of the cathedral is an equestrian statue known as the bamberg horseman der bamberger reiter 10 this statue possibly depicting the emperor conrad iii most likely dates to the second quarter of the 13th century the statue also serves as a symbol of the town of bamberg 56 neue residenz the neue residenz new residence 1698 1704 was initially occupied by the prince bishops and from 1864 to 1867 by the deposed king otto of greece its rosengarten rose garden overlooks the town it has over 4500 roses 57 altenburg bamberg altenburg the altenburg is located on the highest of bamberg s seven hills it was mentioned for the first time in 1109 58 between 1251 and 1553 it was the residence of bamberg s bishops destroyed in 1553 by albert alcibiades margrave of brandenburg kulmbach it was used after scant repairs only as a prison and increasingly fell into decay in 1801 a f marcus bought the castle and completely repaired it his friend the famous german writer e t a hoffmann who was very impressed by the building lived there for a while the next owner anton von greifenstein in 1818 founded an association to preserve the castle this society still maintains the entire property today 59 the altenburg today houses a restaurant 60 other sights other churches are the jakobskirche an 11th century romanesque basilica the st martinskirche the marienkirche or obere pfarrkirche 1320 1387 which has now been restored to its original pure gothic style the michaelskirche 12th century romanesque restored on the michaelsberg was formerly the church of the benedictine michaelsberg abbey secularized in 1803 and now contains the bürgerspital or almshouse and the museum and municipal art collections citation needed 61 of the bridges connecting the sections of the lower town the obere brücke was completed in 1455 halfway across this on an island is the rathaus or town hall rebuilt 1744 1756 the lyceum formerly a jesuit college contains a natural history museum the old palace alte hofhaltung was built in 1591 on the site of an old residence of the counts of babenberg monuments include the maximilian fountain 1880 with statues of king maximilian i of bavaria the emperor henry ii and his wife conrad iii and saint otto bishop of bamberg 10 there are also tunnels beneath the town these were originally constructed as mines which supplied sandstone which could be used for construction or as an abrasive cleaner mining came to an end in 1920 but a 7 5 mi 12 1 km tunnel network remained the tunnels were used as an air raid shelter during world war ii a part of the network can be visited on a guided tour 62 beer edit bamberg is known for its smoked rauchbier and is home to 11 breweries 63 including brauerei fässla brauerei greifenklau brauerei heller trum schlenkerla brauerei kaiserdom keesmann bräu klosterbräu mahrs bräu brauerei spezial gasthausbrauerei ambräusianum kron prinz and weyermann röstmalzbierbrauerei weyermann specialty malting founded in bamberg in 1879 supplies breweries around the world every august there is a five day sandkerwa a kirmess celebrated with beers 64 the franconia region surrounding bamberg is home to more than 200 breweries in october and early november many of the 70 breweries in and around bamberg celebrate bockbieranstiche with special releases of bock beer 65 education edit the university of bamberg named otto friedrich university offers higher education in the areas of social science business studies and the humanities and is attended by more than 12 000 students 66 the university of applied sciences bamberg offers higher education in the areas of public health bamberg is also home to eight secondary schools gymnasiums clavius gymnasium dientzenhofer gymnasium eichendorff gymnasium e t a hoffmann gymnasium franz ludwig gymnasium kaiser heinrich gymnasium maria ward gymnasium theresianum there are also numerous other institutes for primary secondary technical vocational and adult education infrastructure edit transport edit railway edit the intercityexpress main line no 28 munich nuremberg leipzig berlin hamburg and the main line no 18 munich nuremberg halle berlin hamburg run on the nuremberg bamberg and the bamberg hof lines through the bamberg station it takes less than two hours to munich on the train and with the nuremberg erfurt high speed railway through the thuringian mountains finished in 2017 less than three hours to berlin two intercity trains of line no 17 vienna warnemünde and line no 61 leipzig nuremberg karlsruhe also run through bamberg citation needed east west connections are poorer bamberg is connected to other towns in eastern upper franconia such as bayreuth coburg and kronach via the bamberg hof line with trains usually running at least every hour connections on the würzburg bamberg line to the west are hourly regional trains to würzburg which is fully connected to the ice network tourists arriving at frankfurt international airport can take advantage of the new direct connection from frankfurt s main station citation needed motorways edit bamberg is not near any of the major i e single digit autobahns but it is nevertheless well connected to the network in all directions the a70 from schweinfurt connecting to the a7 there to bayreuth connecting to the a9 runs along the northern edge of the town the a73 on the eastern side of town connects bamberg to nuremberg connecting to the a9 and thuringia ending at suhl citation needed air transport edit bamberg is served by bamberg breitenau airfield mostly public aircraft operate there it used to be a military airport iata code zcd icao code edqa it is also possible to charter public flights to and from this airport citation needed most international tourists who travel by plane arrive at frankfurt international airport or munich airport the nearest major airport is nuremberg airport which can be reached within 45mins by car or one hour by train and subway citation needed water transport edit cranes in bamberg harbor both the rhine main danube canal and its predecessor the ludwig canal begin near bamberg 67 the ludwig canal was opened in 1846 but closed in 1950 after damage during the second world war with the completion of the rhine main danube canal in 1992 uninterrupted water transport was again made possible between the north sea and the black sea citation needed local public transport edit local public transport within bamberg relies exclusively on buses more than 20 routes connect the outlying quarters and some villages in the vicinity to the central bus station 68 in addition there are several night lines the last of these though tend to run around midnight and some park and ride lines from parking lots on the periphery to the town centre 69 a tram system operated from 1897 until 1922 70 military bases edit bamberg was an important base for the bavarian german and then american military stationed at warner barracks 71 warner barracks was closed in the fall of 2014 with the last battalion leaving being the 54th engineer battalion and the grounds returned to the german government in 2016 a large part of the facility was taken over by the german federal police for training purposes muna kasserne was a small base occupied by the 504th maintenance company 71st maintenance bn it was part of warner barracks although located separately 72 governance edit bamberg is an urban district or kreisfreie stadt its town council st...