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mns20260008, doi, manuscript, plan, 1953, 1957, adaptation, 1928, turkestan, millward, james, trade, 1880, subsites, chinadaily, 内蒙古自治区统计局, 国家统计局内蒙古调查总队, 5037, 7901, statistical, yearbook, 内蒙古统计年鉴, counties, charts, summary, 中共内蒙古自治区委党史和地方志研究室, buɣutu, qota, бугат, named, destroyer, students, foreign, school, playing, soccer, snow, chariot, yurt, bridge, aobao, shrine, trip, lunch, rebuilt, northern, weapons, 410, 101, 486, ěrhǎn, màomíng, liánhé, 联合旗, 达尔罕茂明安, darqan, muumiŋɣan, qolboɣatu, ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ, ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ, ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ, holbot, 116, 276, tǔmòtè, yòu, 土默特右旗, tümed, baraɣun, ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ, ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ, barun, 025, 175, 574, gùyáng, xiàn, 固阳县, güyaŋ, siyan, ᠭᠦᠶᠠᠩ, ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ, 267, 734, 195, 831, jiǔyuán, 九原区, jiü, yuvan, ᠵᠢᠦᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ, 303, 050, báiyún, èbó, kuàngqū, 白云鄂博矿区, oboɣ, aɣurqai, ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ, ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠋, ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ, ᠶᠢᠨ, 803, shíguǎi, 石拐区, siɣuyitu, ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ, 516, 396, 600, 284, qīngshān, 青山区, čiŋšan, ᠴᠢᠩᠱᠠᠨ, 470, 512, 045, dōnghé, 东河区, düŋhė, ᠳᠦᠩᠾᠧ, 415, 301, 726, 838, kūndūlún, 昆都仑区, köndelen, ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ, hanzi, divided, including, possible, 854, 189, 197, 231, 253, 292, 248, 207, 199, monthly, hours, relative, humidity, snowy, 307, inches, minimum, maximum, high, dec, nov, oct, sep, aug, jul, jun, apr, mar, feb, jan, month, 005, 297, features, long, dry, winters, somewhat, humid, summers, strong, winds, temperatures, often, fall, winter, rise, summer, annual, more, falling, alone, aridity, differences, between, night, can, instances, recorded, 1951, range, though, unofficial, 1935, june, 2005, dust, storms, millimetres, bsk, köppen, semi, arid, junction, zones, borders, flows, ranges, latitude, longitude, 111, hetao, 土默川平原, tumochuan, 214, 133, dornogovi, 黄河上游资源富集区, natural, enrichment, bohai, rim, highway, 210, connected, hubao, expressway, serves, regular, terminus, both, heading, respectively, stations, jingbao, baolan, weikuang, outside, owned, waste, been, reports, serious, surrounding, environment, buddhist, reserve, square, thirty, wild, animal, bird, species, reputedly, parks, popular, recreational, attracts, million, visitors, 赛汗塔拉城中草原, capacity, venue, football, 包头奥林匹克体育中心, olympic, stadium, 334, remaining, 375, 026, registration, elsewhere, increased, 144, hukou, 848, 826, manchu, 113, 209, 525, 500, 122, 737, ethnicity, female, male, places, during, same, span, aging, comprises, household, 120, processed, they, electronic, devices, such, smartphones, tvs, wind, turbines, electric, vehicle, motors, byproducts, contained, noted, years, significant, portion, coming, bautou, developing, soviets, helped, build, purpose, xingsheng, technological, proven, crucial, 182, 215, 115, accounted, 295, 180, increase, previous, much, peak, needs, update, grew, growing, tenfold, peaked, significantly, destroyed, houses, reconstruction, improvements, shelter, environments, close, killed

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al of inner mongolia hohhot baotou s construction as a city came relatively late being incorporated as a town in 1809 the city s site was chosen because it was in an arable region of the yellow river s great bend early 20th century edit the gelaohui secret society and the hui muslim general ma fuxiang came to an agreement in 1922 in which ma fuxiang agreed to allow the gelaohui to extort protection money from wool merchants in baotou 5 a railway from beijing was constructed in 1923 and the city began spurring some industrial sites a german chinese joint venture in 1934 constructed the baotou airport and opened a weekly route connecting baotou with ningxia and lanzhou when young owen lattimore visited baotou in 1925 it was still a little husk of a town in a great hollow shell of mud ramparts where two busy streets made a traders quarter but already an important railhead qinghai and gansu wool and hides were brought down the yellow river by raft and boat from lanzhou to baotou and shipped from baotou by rail to the east in particular to tianjin for export the river traffic was one way only however as the fast current made sailing up the yellow river impractical to travel from baotou back to lanzhou or yinchuan one would use a cart and camel road there were also caravan roads from baotou to ordos and the alxa league 6 mid 20th century edit second sino japanese war edit baotou was under japanese control from 1937 until 1945 citation needed chinese civil war edit on september 19 1949 after the september 19 rebellion baotou fell under communist control citation needed the people s government was formed in february 1950 citation needed socialist industrial city 1950s 1960s edit the early decades of the people s republic of china marked baotou s transformation into a flagship socialist industrial center in 1954 it was designated one of the nation s eight key cities for heavy industry development alongside chengdu datong lanzhou luoyang taiyuan wuhan and xi an this status awarded based on the presence of major industrial enterprises guaranteed baotou prioritized state funding and support for construction 7 the iron and steel base in baotou is one of the 156 projects which were constructed with the help of the soviet union to develop china s national economy in the 1950s and 1960s and it continues this reputation until this day citation needed the city s urban layout itself reflected this new era as soviet architects contributed their experience in designing socialist cities planned communities centered around major industrial plants 7 this period saw baotou rapidly expand and develop according to this integrated model of industry and urban living until the middle of the 1960s the steel complex at baotou was one of the rare examples of industrialization in the periphery of china 8 316 late 20th century edit modernization and diversification edit following the economic reforms baotou entered a new phase of growth and transformation while the baotou iron and steel company remained the cornerstone of the local economy the city began to diversify its industrial base it evolved from a purely steel producing center into a comprehensive hub for rare earth metallurgy machinery manufacturing and energy production leveraging its rich mineral resources 1996 earthquake edit main article 1996 baotou earthquake on 3 may 1996 at 03 32am utc 11 32am local time an earthquake of m s 6 4 occurred since the epicenter of the earthquake was located close to the city 9 baotou was very damaged by the earthquake 26 people were killed 453 injured and 196 633 lost their homes the electrical infrastructure of the city was also damaged and soil liquefaction occurred around the swamps of the yellow river the earthquake which destroyed many old houses led to the reconstruction of baotou in 2002 the baotou municipal government was awarded by un habitat for the improvements in shelter and the urban environments 10 11 21st century edit in the early 21st century baotou s economy grew rapidly growing about tenfold from 2000 to 2010 12 the city s gross domestic product peaked at about 386 763 billion renminbi rmb in 2016 and has shrunk significantly since then 12 economy edit baotou is the largest economy of the inner mongolia autonomous region 13 needs update and accounted for approximately 21 3 of inner mongolia s total gross domestic product gdp as of 2012 14 as of 2018 the city s gdp is 295 180 billion renminbi rmb a 7 22 increase from the previous year but much lower than the city s peak of 386 763 billion rmb in 2016 12 baotou s secondary sector has proven crucial to the city s economy as of 2016 it contributed 182 215 rmb to the city s economy 47 11 of the city s total gdp 15 however like the city s total economy it has shrunk since then 12 15 as of 2020 the city s secondary sector contributed 115 300 billion rmb to baotou s economy 15 baotou xingsheng economic technological development zone is an industrial zone in baotou citation needed as noted in the early communist years baotou served as an industrial centre with a significant portion of its economy coming from its industry around metals mostly steel the iron and steel base of bautou was constructed with the help of the soviet union to help china in developing its economy it was one of the 156 projects that the soviets helped build for that purpose in the 1950s and 1960s citation needed baotou is a major center for rare earth metals 16 rare earth minerals from the bayan obo mining district about 120 kilometres from baotou are processed in the city they are used in many electrical and electronic devices such as smartphones tvs wind turbines and electric vehicle motors 17 the toxic byproducts from the refineries are contained by the baotou tailings dam 17 18 demographics edit according to the 2020 chinese census baotou has a permanent population of about 2 709 400 people up about 59 000 from the 2010 census 19 the average household in baotou comprises 2 27 people down from 2 65 as of 2010 19 badekar monastery age and sex distribution edit baotou like many places in china has an aging population as per the 2020 census 20 19 of baotou s population is aged 60 and older 1 49 percentage points above the chinese national average of 18 70 19 13 70 of baotou s population is aged 65 and older 0 20 percentage points above the chinese national average of 13 50 19 the number of people aged 60 and older has grown by 7 42 since 2010 and the number of people aged 65 and older has grown by 4 88 during that same span 19 per the census 50 7 of the city s population is male and 49 3 is female 19 ethnic groups edit ethnicity 2000 citation needed 2020 19 population percentage population percentage han chinese 2 122 737 94 16 2 525 500 93 21 mongol 67 209 2 98 113 200 4 18 hui people 36 234 1 61 n a n a manchu 22 826 1 01 n a n a korean chinese 848 0 04 n a n a other n a n a 70 700 2 61 total n a 100 00 2 709 400 100 00 floating population edit as of 2020 there are approximately 1 026 400 floating residents of baotou 19 that is residents of the city with a hukou registration elsewhere this population has increased by 144 100 or 22 37 since 2010 19 urbanization edit as of the 2020 census 2 334 400 people or 86 16 of the city s population lives in urban areas 19 the remaining 375 000 people 13 84 of the city s population lives in rural areas 19 prominent locations edit the 39 000 capacity baotou olympic sports centre stadium 20 包头奥林匹克体育中心 is the main sports venue in the city and is used mostly for football matches citation needed saihantalah grasslands park central baotou saihantalah grasslands park 赛汗塔拉城中草原 or ecological reserve is a large urban park in qingshan district the 5 5 km square park is home to thirty wild animal and bird species and is reputedly one of the largest urban parks in china it is a popular recreational location and attracts 2 million visitors a year citation needed the largest tibetan buddhist monastery in inner mongolia badekar monastery is located in shiguai district 21 the baotou tailings dam or weikuang dam is a tailings dam about 20 kilometres outside the main city of baotou it is owned by baotou steel and contains the toxic waste from rare earth mineral refineries since as early as 2012 there have been reports of serious contamination of the surrounding environment 22 18 17 transportation edit baotou is a terminus for both the baolan railway and the jingbao railway heading for lanzhou in the west and beijing in the east respectively the city is served by two main railway stations baotou east railway station and baotou railway station baotou donghe international airport serves the city with regular service to beijing shanghai and hong kong the city is connected by the hubao expressway to inner mongolia s capital hohhot china national highway 210 baotou metro geography edit baotou is located in the west of inner mongolia located at the junction of two economic zones the bohai economic rim and the upper yellow river natural resources enrichment zone 黄河上游资源富集区 its administrative area borders mongolia s dornogovi province to the north while the yellow river which flows for 214 kilometres 133 mi in the prefecture 23 is south of the urban area itself the tumochuan plateau 土默川平原 hetao plateau and yin mountains cross the urban area and central part of the prefecture baotou city ranges in latitude from 41 20 to 42 40 n and in longitude from 109 50 to 111 25 e climate edit baotou features a cold semi arid climate köppen bsk marked by long cold and very dry winters hot somewhat humid summers and strong winds especially in spring temperatures often fall below 15 c 5 f in winter and rise above 30 c 86 f in summer the annual precipitation is approximately 300 millimetres 11 8 in with more than half of it falling in july and august alone due to the aridity and elevation temperature differences between day and night can be large especially in spring in 2002 there were 12 instances of dust storms 23 temperature extremes recorded since 1951 range from 31 4 c 25 f on 27 january 1971 though an unofficial record low of 32 8 c 27 f on 23 december 1935 24 to 40 4 c 105 f on 22 june 2005 25 climate data for baotou elevation 1 005 m 3 297 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1971 2010 month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 7 4 45 3 16 3 61 3 23 9 75 0 34 4 93 9 35 9 96 6 40 4 104 7 40 1 104 2 37 6 99 7 35 0 95 0 27 5 81 5 19 3 66 7 10 1 50 2 40 4 104 7 mean daily maximum c f 3 7 25 3 1 7 35 1 9 3 48 7 18 1 64 6 24 4 75 9 28 8 83 8 30 2 86 4 27 9 82 2 22 9 73 2 15 5 59 9 5 8 42 4 2 2 28 0 14 9 58 8 daily mean c f 10 6 12 9 5 5 22 1 2 1 35 8 10 8 51 4 17 3 63 1 22 2 72 0 24 0 75 2 21 8 71 2 15 9 60 6 7 9 46 2 0 9 30 4 8 5 16 7 8 0 46 4 mean daily minimum c f 16 0 3 2 11 5 11 3 4 2 24 4 3 4 38 1 9 7 49 5 15 2 59 4 18 2 64 8 16 1 61 0 10 0 50 0 2 0 35 6 6 1 21 0 13 6 7 5 1 9 35 5 record low c f 31 4 24 5 28 8 19 8 20 4 4 7 10 4 13 3 3 0 26 6 3 2 37 8 10 5 50 9 4 9 40 8 2 0 28 4 11 8 10 8 20 8 5 4 27 6 17 7 31 4 24 5 average precipitation mm inches 1 8 0 07 4 3 0 17 7 4 0 29 10 7 0 42 24 3 0 96 36 5 1 44 69 8 2 75 79 1 3 11 49 4 1 94 15 6 0 61 6 2 0 24 2 1 0 08 307 2 12 08 average precipitation days 0 1 mm 1 6 2 1 2 9 3 1 5 0 7 4 10 1 9 6 7 8 3 9 2 2 1 6 57 3 average snowy days 3 3 3 2 2 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 3 3 5 17 average relative humidity 59 50 43 35 37 45 57 62 60 57 58 58 52 mean monthly sunshine hours 199 0 207 2 248 2 270 6 292 1 270 7 261 2 253 6 231 3 234 5 197 1 189 3 2 854 8 percentage possible sunshine 66 68 67 67 65 60 58 60 63 69 67 66 65 source 1 china meteorological administration 26 27 source 2 weather china 28 administrative divisions edit baotou is divided into 10 county level divisions including 7 districts 1 county and 2 banners map donghe hondlon qingshan shiguai bayan obo jiuyuan tumed right banner guyang county darhan muminggan united banner name mongolian hanzi hanyu pinyin population 2010 census 29 area km 2 density km 2 1 hondlon district ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ köndelen toɣoriɣ 昆都仑区 kūndūlún qū 726 838 301 2 415 2 donghe district ᠳᠦᠩᠾᠧ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ düŋhė toɣoriɣ 东河区 dōnghé qū 512 045 470 1 089 3 qingshan district ᠴᠢᠩᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ čiŋšan toɣoriɣ 青山区 qīngshān qū 600 284 396 1 516 4 shiguai district ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ siɣuyitu toɣoriɣ 石拐区 shíguǎi qū 35 803 761 47 5 bayan obo mining district ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ bayan oboɣ a aɣurqai yin toɣoriɣ 白云鄂博矿区 báiyún èbó kuàngqū 26 050 303 86 6 jiuyuan district ᠵᠢᠦᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ jiü yuvan toɣoriɣ 九原区 jiǔyuán qū 195 831 734 267 8 guyang county ᠭᠦᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ güyaŋ siyan 固阳县 gùyáng xiàn 175 574 5 025 35 9 tumed right banner tumed barun banner ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ tümed baraɣun qosiɣu 土默特右旗 tǔmòtè yòu qí 276 453 2 368 116 7 10 darhan muminggan united banner darhan muminggan holbot banner ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ darqan muumiŋɣan qolboɣatu qosiɣu 达尔罕茂明安 联合旗 dá ěrhǎn màomíng ān liánhé qí 101 486 17 410 5 8 gallery edit northern weapons park trip home for lunch area rebuilt after the earthquake aobao shrine bridge over the yellow river baotou chariot and yurt main airport road baotou students at baotou foreign languages school playing soccer in the snow see also edit chinese destroyer baotou zh named for the city notes edit chinese 包头市 pinyin bāotóu mongolian ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ бугат хот buɣutu qota bugat references edit baotou geography summary 中共内蒙古自治区委党史和地方志研究室 1 2 china inner mongolia prefectures leagues cities districts banners and counties population statistics charts and map 内蒙古自治区统计局 国家统计局内蒙古调查总队 2016 内蒙古统计年鉴 2016 inner mongolia statistical yearbook 2016 in chinese china statistics press isbn 978 7 5037 7901 5 baotou subsites chinadaily com cn retrieved 29 october 2021 millward james a the hui and the chinese border wool trade of 1880 1937 1 retrieved 10 july 2014 owen lattimore the desert to turkestan 1928 pages 7 8 1 2 kuratchenko m a 2026 new socialist cities of the first five year plan of the people s republic of china 1953 1957 adaptation of soviet urban planning experience manuscript academic journal 19 1 in russian pp 59 65 doi 10 30853 mns20260008 issn 2949 3242 harrell stevan 2023 an ecological history of modern china seattle university of washington press isbn 9780295751719 of the epicenter of the 1996 earthquake un habitat 迪拜奖 包头市的震后重建 经济适用房和城市绿化项目 retrieved 5 january 2018 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link http ww2 unhabitat org whd 2002 documents whd_pressrelease_2 doc permanent dead link 1 2 3 4 中国 国内生产总值 内蒙古 包头 china gross domestic product inner mongolia baotou ceicdata com in chinese archived from the original on 16 october 2021 retrieved 16 october 2021 baotou inner mongolia city information hktdc retrieved 25 january 2014 2012年包头市gdp突破3400亿元 正北方网 archived from the original on 2 february 2014 retrieved 25 january 2014 1 2 3 中国 国内生产总值 第二产业 内蒙古 包头市 china gross domestic product secondary sector inner mongolia baotou ceicdata com in chinese archived from the original on 16 october 2021 retrieved 16 ...