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barnett chao romanisation wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 description toggle description subsection 1 1 basic forms 1 2 initials 1 3 finals 1 4 tones 1 5 examples 2 references toggle the table of contents barnett chao romanisation 2 languages français 粵語 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from barnett chao system for the romanisation of cantonese barnett chao abbreviated here as b c is a cantonese romanisation system based on the principles of the gwoyeu romatzyh system gr developed by yuen ren chao in the 1920s which he modified in 1947 1 the b c system is a modification in 1950 by k m a barnett 2 an administrative officer of the hong kong government 3 from yuen ren chao s romanisation system yue it was adopted by the school of oriental and african studies london soas barnett chao was used in the chinese language training section formerly the government language school of the government training division of the hong kong government from 1963 to 1967 but its transcription was considered over complicated for teaching cantonese as a second language and abandoned in favour of sidney lau s version of standard romanisation 4 after appearing in only a handful of texts 5 it fell into disuse 6 83 7 77 transliteration of chinese mandarin modern standard mandarin hanyu pinyin gwoyeu romatzyh spelling conventions latinxua sin wenz mandarin phonetic symbols ii tongyong pinyin wade giles yale romanization lessing othmer simplified wade comparison chart late imperial mandarin morrison romanization legge romanization postal romanization efeo sichuanese sichuanese pinyin scuanxua ladinxua xin wenz wu general wu romanization of wu chinese wenzhounese wenzhounese romanization yue cantonese jyutping yale romanization cantonese transliteration scheme hong kong government macau government meyer wempe sidney lau s l wong phonetic symbols s l wong romanization ile romani z ation standard romanization barnett chao comparison chart min hokkien pe̍h ōe jī modern literal taiwanese phofsit daibuun habhunwe latinxua sin bhundzi bbánlám pìngyīm daighi tongiong pingim tlpa tâi lô comparison chart teochew peng im pe̍h ūe jī fuzhounese foochow romanized fuzhou transliteration scheme northern min kienning colloquial romanized pu xian min hinghwa romanized hainanese hainan romanized haikou dialect hainanese transliteration scheme wenchang dialect shao jiang min romanized shaowu shaowu dialect gan chang du pinfa hakka meixian pinfa hagfa pinyim sixian pha̍k fa sṳ tlpa xiang chang yi pinfa polylectal general chinese romanized general chinese see also other transliterations character based general chinese cyrillization xiao erjing ʼphags pa script bopomofo taiwanese kana taiwanese phonetic symbols transcription into chinese by place romanization in hong kong romanization in singapore romanization in taiwan v t e description edit like gr spelling b c spelling uses contrasting unvoiced voiced pairs of consonants to represent aspirated and unaspirated sounds b c also uses single versus double vowels letters to represent certain short high versus long low final vowels even in open syllables where the contrast does not exist b u k b uu t b aa and different letters to represent the contrast in other cases s e k s i n some vowels are only long and do not use doubling to represent length ea o y the cantonese high and low pitch registers are indicated by inserting h or r after the initial b h at b r at medium pitch register has no insert and is considered the basic form baa basic forms edit the following two tables list the b c spellings of initials and finals with their corresponding ipa values initials edit b p p pʰ m m f f d t t tʰ n n l l g k k kʰ ng ŋ x h q ʔ z ts c tsʰ s s gw kw kw kʰw j j w w finals edit aa a aai ai aau au aam am aan an aang aŋ aap ap aat at aak ak ai ɐi au ɐu am ɐm an ɐn ang ɐŋ ap ɐp at ɐt ak ɐk ea ɛ eang ɛŋ eak ɛk ei ei eng eŋ ek ek i i iu iu im im in in ip ip it it o ɔ oi ɔy ou ou on ɔn ong ɔŋ ot ɔt ok ɔk ung oŋ uk ok uu u uui uy uun un uut ut eo œ eoi ɵy eon ɵn eong œŋ eot ɵt eok œk y y yn yn yt yt m m̩ ng ŋ̍ the finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables tones edit there are nine normal tones in six distinct tone contours and two modified tones in cantonese b c spelling represents the normal tones using the letters h and r before and after the main vowel of the final as well as spelling changes of certain finals as described below before the vowel of the final h indicates that the start of the tone is high after the vowel of the final h indicates that the tone falls however a falling contour is also indicated by a change in spelling in some finals vi vy vu vw ng nq n nn m mm for example saan disperse and shaann mountain sou number and show whiskers sai small and shay west before the vowel of the final r indicates that the start of the tone is low after the vowel of the final r indicates that the tone rises however a rising contour is also indicated by a change in spelling in some finals vi ve vu vo for example sai small and sae wash sou number and soo count the modified tones representing high flat 高平 and modified mid rising 高升 when the original tone is not mid rising are indicated by adding an x or v after the end of the syllable high register syllables that end in a stop entering tone are already considered high flat and cannot take x no description b c examples 1 high falling shih shinn 2 mid rising sir sirn 3 mid flat si sin 4 low falling srih srinn 5 low rising srir srirn 6 low flat sri srin 7 high entering shek 8 mid entering sit 9 low entering srek 10 high flat shihx shinnx 11 mid rising modified shihv shinnv examples edit traditional simplified yale romanization with tone marks barnett chao romanization 廣州話 广州话 gwóng jàu wá gworngzhawwraav 粵語 粤语 yuht yúh jrytjryr 你好 你好 néih hóu nree xoo references edit chao yuenren 1947 cantonese primer harvard university press wong shik ling 1963 cantonese conversation grammar institute of oriental studies hong kong university p vii david johnson andrew james nathan evelyn sakakida rawski eds 1985 popular culture in late imperial china university of california press p 76 lau sidney 1969 elementary cantonese hong kong government e g whitaker katherine poe kan 1953 1200 chinese basic characters an adaptation for students of cantonese of w simon s national language version kataoka shin lee cream 2008 a system without a system cantonese romanization hong kong journal of applied linguistics 11 1 yue hashimoto oi kan 1972 phonology of cantonese studies in yüe dialects 1 cambridge university press isbn 0521084423 china portal languages portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title barnett chao_romanisation oldid 1335698438 categories cantonese romanisation writing systems introduced in the 1950s 1950 introductions 1950 establishments in hong kong hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata cs1 long volume value pages with plain ipa articles containing chinese language text this page was last edited on 30 january 2026 at 18 16 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy 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