Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

of, muslim, badr, action, meccan, and, casualties, battle, references, plan, contents, background, battlefield, aftermath, legacy, see, also, footnotes, further, reading, external, links, rainfall, march, to, qurayshi, advance, toward, plans, duels, charge, counter, attack, imprisonment, captives, their, ransom, implications, books, articles, online, council, near,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (563), and (177), ibn (103), muhammad (84), badr (74), from (60), was (55), battle (52), #muslim (47), were (38), people (34), that (34), his (34), abu (33), with (32), for (30), muslims (30), you (29), medina (28), quraysh (28), they (28), army (27), who (24), their (24), mecca (23), allah (23), had (22), meccan (20), this (19), islam (19), march (17), him (17), caravan (17), sufyan (17), meccans (17), not (16), isbn (16), ali (16), amr (16), prophet (15), war (15), 2010 (15), number (15), men (15), are (14), ramadan (14), retrieved (13), other (13), one (13), will (13), islamic (12), book (12), first (12), which (12), banu (12), also (12), two (12), later (12), son (11), history (11), archived (11), original (11), sahih (11), well (11), have (11), hamza (11), into (11), abi (11), battlefield (11), moses (10), companions (10), wife (10), volume (10), prisoners (10), some (10), killed (10), qurayshi (10), wikipedia (9), literally (9), mother (9), valley (9), attack (9), those (9), qur (9), bukhari (9), watt (9), press (9), when (9), between (9), hisham (9), abd (9), harith (9), casualties (9), near (9), upon (9), out (9), including (8), days (8), muhajirun (8), usc (8), should (8), all (8), utba (8), while (8), taken (8), action (8), september (7), arabic (7), arabia (7), 624 (7), names (7), mentioned (7), before (7), night (7), aswad (7), time (7), bakr (7), angels (7), biography (7), october (7), sources (7), lings (7), but (7), then (7), your (7), help (7), after (7), during (7), there (7), fighting (7), only (7), rabi (7), another (7), ansar (7), plan (7), udwatul (7), toggle (6), view (6), about (6), pages (6), links (6), org (6), name (6), river (6), sheba (6), noah (6), god (6), jesus (6), abraham (6), mosque (6), imran (6), aṣḥāb (6), quran (6), darussalam (6), 978 (6), armies (6), life (6), august (6), say (6), william (6), day (6), would (6), off (6), three (6), sent (6), against (6), victory (6), many (6), known (6), الخزرجي (6), khazraji (6), المهاجري (6), muhajiri (6), walid (6), them (6), ransom (6), several (6), what (6), fight (6), duels (6), both (6), main (6), route (6), page (5), last (5), wikidata (5), led (5), date (5), paradise (5), ash (5), david (5), holy (5), books (5), pilgrimage (5), cave (5), masjid (5), ahl (5), household (5), abdullah (5), muttalib (5), tribes (5), camel (5), ones (5), such (5), texts (5), translation (5), references (5), new (5), university (5), muir (5), mahomet (5), gave (5), little (5), has (5), passed (5), made (5), ubayda (5), khalaf (5), around (5), said (5), accepted (5), most (5), talib (5), north (5), quswa (5), contents (4), search (4), may (4), using (4), sister (4), articles (4), israel (4), water (4), sea (4), adam (4), sun (4), implied (4), afternoon (4), dhu (4), ḥarām (4), battles (4), military (4), expeditions (4), great (4), place (4), possibly (4), jonah (4), mount (4), madyan (4), khazraj (4), ṣāliḥ (4), children (4), chief (4), whale (4), solomon (4), companion (4), man (4), death (4), spirit (4), found (4), 2002 (4), sealed (4), nectar (4), mubarakpuri (4), msa (4), compendium (4), montgomery (4), edition (4), 1956 (4), oxford (4), 170 (4), early (4), britannica (4), www (4), edu (4), 2015 (4), shirt (4), took (4), own (4), force (4), thus (4), down (4), enemy (4), here (4), lord (4), arab (4), been (4), these (4), leaders (4), away (4), its (4), position (4), الحارث (4), umayr (4), shayba (4), came (4), left (4), jahl (4), wells (4), lines (4), broke (4), few (4), take (4), toward (4), began (4), wanted (4), carried (4), zubayr (4), speak (4), messenger (4), miqdad (4), council (4), horses (4), large (4), camels (4), wealth (4), returning (4), road (4), commanded (4), levant (4), dunya (4), 733 (4), 767 (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), subsection (4), safety (3), contact (3), policy (3), text (3), commons (3), saudi (3), campaigns (3), tree (3), shams (3), arḍ (3), israelites (3), ibrāhīm (3), times (3), sacred (3), months (3), uhud (3), event (3), yūnus (3), blessed (3), sinai (3), side (3), sabaʾ (3), arabian (3), lot (3), polytheists (3), scholars (3), christian (3), believers (3), qaynuqa (3), qawm (3), hud (3), nuh (3), lahab (3), surah (3), related (3), fish (3), nūn (3), jacob (3), could (3), joseph (3), pharaoh (3), malik (3), zechariah (3), mary (3), maryam (3), dhū (3), strong (3), john (3), angel (3), rūḥ (3), verses (3), 9960 (3), publishers (3), riyadh (3), noble (3), rahman (3), further (3), vol (3), blackwell (3), 2007 (3), 2016 (3), hodgson (3), armstrong (3), 2011 (3), com (3), died (3), within (3), 2012 (3), london (3), smith (3), elder (3), brought (3), show (3), thousand (3), even (3), message (3), witness (3), 2025 (3), english (3), 100 (3), much (3), join (3), see (3), among (3), offensive (3), traditional (3), believe (3), legacy (3), received (3), followed (3), major (3), leading (3), subsequently (3), marched (3), harb (3), course (3), next (3), leader (3), community (3), tribe (3), city (3), mundhir (3), asad (3), according (3), nadr (3), umayya (3), however (3), themselves (3), did (3), over (3), far (3), opinion (3), blood (3), kill (3), brother (3), captives (3), read (3), umar (3), aftermath (3), divine (3), believed (3), account (3), until (3), back (3), charged (3), asking (3), charge (3), any (3), called (3), 300 (3), arrival (3), along (3), protect (3), asked (3), permission (3), location (3), stay (3), adh (3), informed (3), merchandise (3), must (3), part (3), future (3), 313 (3), aws (3), map (3), opening (3), damdam (3), raid (3), article (3), total (3), tools (3), languages (2), table (2), privacy (2), under (2), terms (2), non (2), wikimedia (2), use (2), hidden (2), categories (2), wayback (2), coordinates (2), dates (2), july (2), protected (2), short (2), description (2), https (2), title (2), united (2), states (2), international (2), control (2), standard (2), form (2), drink (2), palm (2), plants (2), forbidden (2), plant (2), earth (2), bodies (2), trumpet (2), throne (2), musa (2), ark (2), apostles (2), umm (2), kitāb (2), stone (2), scroll (2), ṣuḥuf (2), mūsā (2), laylat (2), remembrance (2), qabl (2), evening (2), late (2), morning (2), prayer (2), sabbath (2), sabt (2), conquest (2), expedition (2), tabuk (2), khaybar (2), hunayn (2), treaty (2), hudaybiyyah (2), dam (2), ʿarim (2), events (2), occasions (2), shaddad (2), sleepers (2), mesopotamia (2), bayt (2), muqaddas (2), barrier (2), qarnayn (2), quba (2), prostration (2), mashʿar (2), religious (2), locations (2), township (2), tuwa (2), region (2), rass (2), ḥijr (2), yathrib (2), sand (2), iram (2), egypt (2), hell (2), garden (2), jannah (2), land (2), jewish (2), disbelievers (2), groups (2), umayyad (2), iranian (2), qurayza (2), nadir (2), salih (2), daughters (2), abdul (2), hashim (2), brothers (2), yūsuf (2), arabs (2), gog (2), magog (2), ayyub (2), muḥammad (2), current (2), ummah (2), juj (2), sodom (2), gomorrah (2), isrāʾīl (2), lūṭ (2), sin (2), elephant (2), disciples (2), others (2), jinn (2), beast (2), ḥimār (2), female (2), she (2), luqman (2), joshua (2), firʿawn (2), egyptians (2), adopted (2), bint (2), believer (2), aaron (2), ʿazīz (2), isaac (2), ishmael (2), daughter (2), family (2), father (2), prophets (2), debatable (2), zakariyyā (2), yaʿqūb (2), dāwūd (2), trustworthy (2), bearers (2), characters (2), verse (2), wikiquote (2), projects (2), external (2), 2000 (2), safiur (2), reading (2), online (2), 1986 (2), 868 (2), 867 (2), encyclopaedia (2), rippin (2), 2009 (2), west (2), publishing (2), safi (2), raḥmān (2), 899 (2), raheeq (2), traditions (2), martin (2), venture (2), marshall (2), 1987 (2), rise (2), yusuf (2), via (2), libyan (2), tripoli (2), york (2), authenticity (2), period (2), facts (2), islamawakened (2), cambridge (2), return (2), 176 (2), 1861 (2), january (2), pre (2), february (2), abbas (2), looked (2), adds (2), omar (2), helped (2), fear (2), thou (2), enough (2), firm (2), act (2), haste (2), 123 (2), 144 (2), pakistan (2), publications (2), 139 (2), pioneer (2), encyclopedia (2), point (2), anfal (2), clarendon (2), readier (2), more (2), openly (2), recorded (2), footnotes (2), career (2), animated (2), movie (2), become (2), actions (2), leadership (2), operation (2), referred (2), throughout (2), being (2), today (2), century (2), although (2), jawm (2), fur (2), qaːn (2), pronunciation (2), criterion (2), يَوْمُ (2), الْفُرْقَانْ (2), yawm (2), furqan (2), khattab (2), indeed (2), surely (2), victorious (2), became (2), included (2), veterans (2), fought (2), years (2), killing (2), high (2), ranking (2), put (2), nobles (2), result (2), six (2), political (2), role (2), threatened (2), seriously (2), able (2), state (2), implications (2), الأوسي (2), awsi (2), عمير (2), waqqas (2), safwan (2), wahb (2), suraqa (2), writes (2), executed (2), uqba (2), ayt (2), martyrs (2), siyer (2), nebi (2), despite (2), due (2), treated (2), ride (2), kindly (2), treatment (2), concerned (2), since (2), closest (2), released (2), how (2), write (2), imprisonment (2), dead (2), now (2), faces (2), meaning (2), whom (2), intervention (2), describes (2), seeing (2), where (2), cried (2), fulfill (2), kept (2), fell (2), shoulders (2), defeated (2), longer (2), hands (2), counter (2), clan (2), destroy (2), emerged (2), ranks (2), approached (2), swiftly (2), find (2), arrows (2), sides (2), destroyed (2), except (2), midnight (2), camp (2), reported (2), scouting (2), nor (2), planning (2), ambushes (2), hishām (2), outside (2), worth (2), care (2), campaign (2), expected (2), easy (2), hejaz (2), praying (2), blessing (2), arrived (2), east (2), chose (2), hubab (2), given (2), managed (2), exact (2), strength (2), dispatched (2), scout (2), boys (2), ordered (2), sacrifice (2), towards (2), truth (2), our (2), behind (2), encounter (2), lead (2), still (2), following (2), fearing (2), plans (2), moving (2), juhfah (2), surrounding (2), threat (2), joined (2), reasons (2), umayyah (2), adi (2), advance (2), juhani (2), free (2), marthad (2), 231 (2), right (2), awwam (2), rainfall (2), south (2), encamped (2), udwatud (2), primary (2), hill (2), asfal (2), gathered (2), small (2), intercept (2), spies (2), ambush (2), expeditionary (2), preparations (2), get (2), decided (2), carrying (2), 000 (2), caravans (2), hijra (2), background (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), source (2), edit (2), bahasa (2), log (2), create (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, 2026, utc, kartographer, extension, project, webarchive, template, ipa, containing, language, gadget, wikiminiatlas, dmy, 2020, indefinitely, semi, different, wars, involving, angelic, apparitions, 620s, conflicts, index, php, battle_of_badr, oldid, 1376484846, yale, lux, i̇slâm, ansiklopedisi, national, gnd, authority, databases, sorted, alphabetically, biblical, relationship, note, sharāb, fluid, yamm, nahr, māʾ, liquids, zaqqūm, sidrat, muntahā, nakhl, tender, līnah, lote, sidr, tamarisk, athl, bushes, trees, fruit, olive, zaytūn, fig, tīn, pomegranate, rummān, cucumber, qith, thāʾ, herb, baql, lentil, ʿadas, fruits, seed, zarʿ, stem, sūq, shoot, shaṭʾ, garlic, wheat, fūm, onion, baṣal, matter, lamps, stars, nujūm, planets, kawākib, moon, qamar, maṣābīḥ, celestial, manāt, ʿuzzā, lāt, yaʿūq, yaghūth, wadd, suwāʿ, nasr, statue, golden, calf, ʿijl, baʿal, false, ṭāghūt, jibt, ansāb, idols, cult, images, israfil, bilqis, casket, shekhinah, tābūt, sakīnah, staff, heavenly, food, objects, beings, psalms, zabūr, tablets, torah, tawrāt, qurʾān, gospel, injīl, mabit, ghadir, khumm, praising, rising, dawn, fajr, ṭulūʿ, decline, setting, ʿaṣr, aṣīl, ghurūb, masāʾ, dulūk, noon, ẓuhr, ʿishāʾ, layl, mornings, ṣabāḥ, bukrah, ghuduww, ʿashiyy, tasbīḥ, takbīr, taḥmīd, dhikr, ṣalāh, invocation, duʿāʾ, lesser, umrah, greater, ḥajj, pilgrimages, rajab, muharram, hijja, shahr, calendar, doomsday, hajj, saturday, friday, jumuʿah, confederates, aḥzāb, farewell, flood, rib, sayl, mubahala, decree, qadr, incident, ifk, incidents, palestine, nile, jordan, dār, nadwa, seven, canaan, bilād, rāfidayn, ariha, ayla, bull, ghār, ath, thawr, hira, black, hijr, isma, ḥajar, ḥijāz, antakya, antioch, salat, synagogue, area, qubāʾ, dirar, farthest, aqsa, aqṣā, grove, monastery, miḥrāb, church, bayʿa, nineveh, qaryat, babylon, bābil, landing, munzalanm, mubārakan, jūdiyy, tabor, righthand, buqʿah, mubārakah, wādil, ayman, ṭuwan, wād, tīh, desert, safa, marwa, station, maqām, kaaba, kaʿbah, sanctuary, secure, āminan, ḥaraman, bakkah, makkah, ḥunayn, hegra, muzdalifah, ʿarafāt, formerly, madīnah, sandy, plains, wind, curved, hills, pillars, dhāt, ʿimād, aḥqāf, excluding, peninsula, salsabīl, mainland, miṣr, majmaʿ, baḥrayn, midian, door, hittah, jahannam, muqaddasah, mesopotamian, sabians, rabbani, rabbi, ahbār, jews, yahūd, injil, qissis, priest, ruhban, monks, naṣārā, hypocrites, munāfiqūn, zoroastrians, majūs, kāfirūn, dhimmah, aus, dynasty, verandah, suffa, amalek, implicitly, wives, progeny, stoneland, thamūd, tubba, tubbaʿ, ʿād, bedouins, aʿrāb, yaʾjūj, maʾjūj, lut, sons, emigrants, helpers, anṣār, fir, aun, shuaib, wood, aykah, ilyas, ibrahim, muʾtafikāt, banī, romans, rūm, ajam, ethnicities, families, nation, ukhdūd, raqaim, kahf, raqīm, ḥawāriyyūn, burnt, ḥūr, wildān, ghilmān, rebellious, mārid, devil, shayṭān, iblīs, demons, shayāṭīn, qarīn, asmodeus, sakhr, ʿifrīt, jann, genies, spirits, prey, hunter, lion, qaswarah, honey, bee, naḥl, wild, ass, dābbat, spider, ʿankabūt, nāqat, ant, namlah, dog, kalb, hoopoe, domesticated, donkey, abyssinians, fīl, wolf, feared, dhiʾb, cow, baqara, animals, rahmah, nimrod, nebuchadnezzar, caleb, kaleb, barṣīṣā, bal, balaam, abraha, specified, slayers, qaddar, salif, musda, dahr, abū, sāmirī, korah, cousin, qārūn, goliath, jālūt, hāmān, terah, āzar, evil, law, wise, pious, magicians, āsiyá, muzāḥim, imraʾat, hizbil, hizqil, sabura, zulaykhah, king, rayyān, walīd, qatafir, qittin, potiphar, benjamin, simeon, binyāmin, zayd, vizier, queen, peter, abiona, amtelai, karnebo, shamkhah, anush, betenos, lamech, immediate, relatives, martyred, good, successor, yūshaʿ, samuel, ṣamūʾīl, jeremiah, irmiyā, gideon, saul, ṭālūt, luqmān, ezra, ʿuzayr, nūḥ, friend, khalīlullāh, spoke, kalīmullāh, messiah, masīḥ, ʿīsā, titles, aḥmad, perseverance, ulul, ʿazm, ṣāḥib, ḥūt, owner, baptist, yaḥyā, sulaymān, jethro, reuel, hobab, shuʿayb, dhabih, ullah, ismāʿīl, isḥāq, joachim, ʿimrān, elijah, ilyās, enoch, idrīs, eber, hūd, hārūn, ezekiel, kifl, job, ayyūb, elisha, yasa, ādam, michael, mīkāil, azrael, malakul, mawt, raphael, isrāfīl, gabriel, qudus, amīn, jibrīl, muqarrabun, honourable, scribes, atid, raqib, kirāman, kātibīn, jundallah, harut, marut, zabāniyah, mālik, malāʾikah, generous, karīm, allāh, analysis, anic, irshaad, hussain, tafsir, sura, network, 17th, comprehensive, timeline, data, wikisource, quotations, media, khalil, shauqi, 2003, 897, atlas, places, nations, landmarks, najeebabadi, akbar, shah, 603, 50011, partial, sunan, dawud, muwatta, brill, andrew, chichester, sussex, 4051, 8820, america, 530880, footsteps, tariq, 1993, 85532, 279, osprey, nicolle, makhtum, 1983, inner, 89281, based, earliest, 1974, 226, 34683, chicago, classical, age, 2022, claritas, 9781800110045, warrior, hayward, joel, trade, crone, patricia, 1992, harpercollins, 250886, muhmmad, karen, tahrike, tarsile, reissue, 940368, commentary, laub, karin, atlanta, journal, constitution, associated, rebels, closing, wright, robin, 1989, simon, schuster, 9780671672355, 133, khomeini, decade, berg, herbert, psychology, google, 9780700712243, development, exegesis, literature, formative, june, house, machine, 358, 357, cook, themes, 70867078, oclc, 521, 85040, martyrdom, elderly, 178, tabaqat, kubra, 260, ghazwatul, darul, ihya, turathil, arabi, beirut, lebanon, 1996, 499, 241, introductory, chapters, islamite, 122, narrated, jabir, undressed, ubai, let, wear, reason, why, narrator, done, favor, liked, reward, 252, 1939, translated, kashmiri, bazar, lahore, ashraf, zafar, khan, farooq, nomani, shibli, 213, contemptible, gratitude, remember, saidst, faithful, specially, yea, remain, aright, rush, hot, five, making, terrific, onslaught, 125, 148, glubb, sir, 1963, conquests, 1877, mohammed, razwy, sayed, asgher, 137, 136, restatement, 146, 174, 175, 143, 154, 4394, subhani, ayatullah, jafar, karachi, seminary, 286, 140, 359, 138, education, nationalgeographic, editors, codingest, 2024, islamonweb, key, turning, mubārakfūrī, ṣafī, 101, esposito, expanded, friendly, presumably, ready, pagan, nomads, neighbourhood, profess, notes, 19th, 21st, 276, revised, 274, 1591440710, mmakhtum, arish, list, jurisprudence, featured, 1976, film, 2004, series, bilal, breed, hero, popular, paramilitary, organizations, used, describe, 1973, 1999, iraq, 1980s, named, rebel, stated, selected, assault, 20th, marking, anniversary, civil, operations, kargil, yom, kippur, story, centuries, combined, multiple, exist, knowledge, comes, accounts, compiled, sometime, 8th, histories, evidence, beside, historicity, biographies, lit, mustafa, sign, met, cause, denial, saw, twice, supports, whoever, wills, lesson, insight, vastly, outnumbered, mindful, perhaps, grateful, significant, complete, roster, hadiths, identified, formality, stipend, occurred, fitna, ishaq, performed, especially, officials, retaliation, bounty, head, publicly, mutilating, assassin, beneficiary, safely, opportunity, almost, default, negotiate, peaceful, surrender, official, empire, went, caliphate, awiya, extremely, influential, determined, transformed, overnight, outcast, forced, regard, challengers, potential, inheritors, prestige, shortly, thereafter, expelled, assaulting, woman, expulsion, breaking, peace, having, same, opponent, weakened, limited, challenges, ubayy, يزيد, فصحم, yazid, fushum, مهجاء, صالح, mihja, معوذ, awwidh, مبشر, عبدالمنذر, mubashir, عوف, awf, أبو, وقاس, الحمام, humam, عبيدة, عاقل, البكير, aaqil, bukayr, صفوان, وهب, سعد, خيثمة, khaythama, رافع, المعلاء, rafi, alla, الشمالين, عبد, عمر, zish, shamalain, abdi, حارثہ, سراقة, haritha, makhzumi, though, circumstances, deaths, unclear, field, buried, pit, inscribed, monument, painting, beheading, presence, estimating, prominent, injuries, sustained, pursuance, commands, citizens, medîna, refugees, possessed, houses, consideration, blessings, walked, wheaten, bread, eat, contenting, surprising, afterwards, friends, declared, adherents, prolonged, favourable, impression, minds, once, wrote, ransomed, kin, argued, saying, notion, relationships, everyone, execute, behead, himself, someone, close, suggestion, captive, noted, humanely, payment, literate, condition, teach, ten, persons, teaching, count, aqil, casting, dry, order, carry, counterattack, throwing, handful, pebbles, probably, gesture, yelling, defaced, confusion, seize, yelled, reply, hath, slay, rushed, understrength, unenthusiastic, promptly, ran, attribute, fleeing, stating, chapter, inspired, strengthen, cast, terror, hearts, disbelieved, itself, lasted, hours, refer, thousands, descending, heaven, terrify, fled, discusses, played, jibreel, ahadith, iblis, manṣūr, amit, promised, reciting, cloak, picked, group, worshipped, stretching, qibla, swearing, otherwise, die, response, cries, uncles, duel, struck, leg, dealing, blow, armor, shields, alongside, madani, shouted, nervous, starting, unnecessary, feuds, keeping, dispute, quick, managing, opponents, wounded, disease, shower, won, makhzum, either, controlled, draw

Text of the page (random words):
n hisham al walid ibn utba utba ibn rabi a and umayya ibn khalaf joined the meccan army their reasons varied some were out to protect their financial interests in the caravan others wanted to avenge amr ibn al hadrami a guard killed in one of the caravan ambushes at nakhlah finally a few must have wanted to take part in what was expected to be an easy victory against the muslims 17 amr ibn hisham is described as shaming umayyah ibn khalaf into joining the expedition 18 plans of action muslim council near badr muslim council of war at badr muhammad held a council of war to review the situation and decide on a plan of action according to some muslim scholars the following verses of al anfal q8 5 6 were revealed in lieu of some muslims fearing the encounter abu bakr was the first to speak at the meeting and he reassured muhammad 9 umar was next then miqdad ibn aswad got up and said 9 19 o messenger of allah proceed where allah directs you to for we are with you we will not say as the children of israel said to musa go you and your lord and fight and we will stay here rather we shall say go you and your lord and fight and we will fight along with you by allah if you were to take us to birk al ghimad we will still fight resolutely with you against its defenders until you gained it 9 19 muhammad then praised him and supplicated for him but the three who had spoken were of the muhajirun who only constituted around one third of the muslim men in medina muhammad wanted the opinion of the ansar who were not committed to fighting beyond their territories in the pledges of aqabah muhammad then indirectly asked the ansar to speak which sa d ibn mu adh understood and asked for permission to speak muhammad immediately gave him permission to speak and sa d said 9 o prophet of allah we believe in you and we bear witness to what you have brought is the truth we give you our firm pledge of obedience and sacrifice we will obey you most willingly in whatever you command us and by allah who has sent you with the truth if you were to ask us to throw ourselves into the sea we will do that most readily and not a man of us will stay behind we do not deny the idea of encounter with the enemy we are experienced in war and we are trustworthy in control we hope that allah will show you through our hands those deeds of bravery which will please your eyes kindly lead us to the battlefield in the name of allah 9 muhammad impressed with his loyalty and spirit of sacrifice ordered the march towards badr to continue 9 muslim plan of action by sunday 11 march 15 ramadan both armies were about a day s march from badr muhammad and abu bakr had conducted a scouting operation and managed to locate the camp of the quraysh they came across an old bedouin nearby from whom they managed to find out the exact strength of their army and their location in the evening muhammad dispatched ali zubayr and sa d ibn abi waqqas to scout for the meccans they captured two meccan water bearers at the wells of badr expecting them to say they were with the caravan the muslims were horrified to hear them say they were with the main qurayshi army 20 unsatisfied with their answer while muhammad was praying some of the muslims beat the two boys into lying and muhammad strictly condemned this action later muhammad then extracted the details of the meccans from the boys the next day muhammad ordered a march to badr and arrived before the meccans 9 when the muslim army arrived from the east muhammad initially chose to encamp at the first well he encountered al hubab ibn al mundhir however asked him if this choice was from divine instruction or muhammad s own opinion when muhammad responded in the latter hubab suggested that the muslims occupy the well closest to the qurayshi army and block off or destroy the other ones muhammad accepted this decision and the plan was carried out at midnight 9 muhammad had also given strict orders to not begin an attack without his sole permission 9 muhammad spent the whole night of 12 march 16 ramadan praying near a tree the muslim army enjoyed a refreshing night of sleep again believed by muslims to be a blessing from allah 9 meccan plan of action while little is known about the progress of the qurayshi army from the time it left mecca until its arrival just outside badr several things are worth noting although many arab armies brought their women and children along on campaigns both to motivate and care for the men the meccan army did not the quraysh apparently made little or no effort to contact the many allies they had scattered throughout the hejaz 21 both facts suggest the quraysh lacked the time to prepare for a proper campaign in their haste to protect the caravan besides it is believed they expected an easy victory since muhammad s army had either destroyed or taken all the wells in the city a few meccans approached the well controlled by muslims to draw out water all were shot except hakim ibn hizam who later accepted islam at midnight on 13 march 17 ramadan the quraysh broke camp and marched into the valley of badr umayr ibn wahb al jumahi made a survey of the muslim position and reported 300 men keen on fighting to the last man 9 22 23 after another scouting mission he reported that neither were the muslims going to be reinforced nor were they planning any ambushes 9 22 this further demoralized the quraysh as arab battles were traditionally low casualty affairs and set off another round of bickering among the qurayshi leadership however according to arab traditions amr ibn hishām quashed the remaining dissent by appealing to the qurayshis sense of honor and demanding that they fulfill their blood vengeance 24 duels the battle began with al aswad ibn abd al asad one of the men from abu jahl s clan the banu makhzum swearing that he would drink from the well of the muslims or otherwise destroy it or die for it in response to his cries hamza ibn abd al muttalib one of muhammad s uncles came out and they began fighting in a duel hamza struck al aswad s leg before dealing him another blow that killed him seeing this three men protected by armor and shields utba ibn rabi a alongside his brother shayba ibn rabi a and son al walid ibn utba emerged from the meccan ranks three of the madani ansar emerged from the muslim ranks only to be shouted back by the meccans who were nervous about starting any unnecessary feuds and only wanted to fight the muhajirun keeping the dispute within the tribe so hamza approached and called on ubayda ibn al harith and ali ibn abi talib to join him the first two duels between ali and al walid and hamza and shayba were quick with both managing to kill their opponents swiftly after the fight between ali and al walid hamza looked at ubayda to find him seriously wounded he then fell upon and killed shayba ali and hamza then carried ubayda back into the muslim lines he died later due to a disease 25 26 27 9 a shower of arrows from both sides followed these duels and this was followed by several other duels most of which were won by the muslims 9 the meccans now took the offensive and charged upon the muslim lines 9 meccan charge and muslim counter attack as the meccans charged upon the muslims muhammad kept asking allah stretching his hands toward the qibla o allah should this group of muslims be defeated today you will no longer be worshipped muhammad kept reciting his prayer until his cloak fell off his shoulders at which point abu bakr picked it up and put it back on his shoulders and said o prophet of allah you have cried out enough to your lord he will surely fulfill what he has promised you muhammad gave the order to carry out a counterattack against the enemy now throwing a handful of pebbles at the meccans in what was probably a traditional arabian gesture while yelling defaced be those faces 28 29 or confusion seize their faces 9 the muslim army yelled in reply yā manṣūr amit meaning o thou whom god hath made victorious slay and rushed the qurayshi lines the meccans understrength and unenthusiastic about fighting promptly broke and ran muslims attribute their fear of fighting and fleeing from the battlefield to divine intervention with the qur an stating in chapter 8 verse 12 that allah inspired angels to strengthen those who have believed and cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved the battle itself only lasted a few hours and was over by early afternoon 28 the qur an describes the force of the muslim attack in many verses which refer to thousands of angels descending from heaven at badr to terrify the quraysh 29 30 it also describes how iblis the leader of the jinn mentioned to have taken the form of suraqa ibn malik fled the battlefield upon seeing the angels 9 muslim sources take this account literally and there are several ahadith where muhammad discusses the angel jibreel and the role he played in the battle 9 the death of abu jahl and the casting of the meccan dead into dry wells aftermath imprisonment of captives and their ransom three days after the battle 9 muhammad left badr for medina as far as the treatment of prisoners was concerned abu bakr was of the opinion that they should be ransomed since they were all of their own kin umar argued against this saying that there is no notion of blood relationships as far as islam is concerned and that all the prisoners should be executed and that everyone should execute him who is closest to him by blood ali should kill his brother aqil ibn abi talib hamza ibn abd al muttalib should behead his brother abbas ibn abd al muttalib and that he himself would kill someone close to him muhammad accepted abu bakr s suggestion to ransom the captives 31 32 some 70 prisoners were taken captive and are noted to have been treated humanely including a number of quraysh leaders 33 34 most of the prisoners were released upon payment of ransom and those who were literate were released on the condition that they teach ten persons how to read and write and this teaching was to count as their ransom 35 36 william muir wrote of this period in pursuance of mahomet s commands the citizens of medîna and such of the refugees as possessed houses received the prisoners and treated them with much consideration blessings be on the men of medina said one of these prisoners in later days they made us ride while they themselves walked they gave us wheaten bread to eat when there was little of it contenting themselves with dates it is not surprising that when some time afterwards their friends came to ransom them several of the prisoners who had been thus received declared themselves adherents of islam their kindly treatment was thus prolonged and left a favourable impression on the minds even of those who did not at once go over to islam 34 william muir the life of mahomet casualties despite scholars estimating meccan casualties at around 70 only the names of the more prominent ones are known however the names of the 14 muslims who were killed during the course of the war or later due to injuries sustained during the war are all known a painting from siyer i nebi ali beheading nadr ibn al harith in the presence of muhammad and his companions meccan casualties the names of the 14 muslim martyrs at badr are inscribed into the badr martyrs monument near the battlefield well known meccans who were killed during the battle included amr ibn hisham umayya ibn khalaf utba ibn rabi a shayba ibn rabi a al walid ibn utba al aswad ibn abd al asad al makhzumi nadr ibn al harith and uqba ibn abi mu ayt were also killed though the circumstances of their deaths are unclear according to some sources the last two were killed during fighting in the field of battle at badr and subsequently buried in a pit 37 38 39 while safiur rahman al mubarakpuri writes that these two were taken as prisoners and subsequently executed by ali 9 37 muslim casualties muslims casualties at badr haritha ibn suraqa al khazraji حارثہ بن سراقة الخزرجي zish shamalain ibn abdi amr al muhajiri ذو الشمالين بن عبد عمر المهاجري rafi ibn al mu alla al khazraji رافع بن المعلاء الخزرجي sa d ibn khaythama al awsi سعد بن خيثمة الأوسي safwan ibn wahb al muhajiri صفوان بن وهب المهاجري aaqil ibn al bukayr al muhajiri عاقل بن البكير المهاجري ubayda ibn al harith al muhajiri عبيدة بن الحارث المهاجري umayr ibn al humam al khazraji عمير بن الحمام الخزرجي umayr ibn abi waqqas al muhajiri عمير بن أبو وقاس المهاجري awf ibn al harith al khazraji عوف بن الحارث الخزرجي mubashir ibn abdul mundhir al awsi مبشر بن عبدالمنذر الأوسي mu awwidh ibn al harith al khazraji معوذ بن الحارث الخزرجي mihja ibn salih al muhajiri مهجاء بن صالح المهاجري yazid ibn al harith ibn fushum al khazraji يزيد بن الحارث بن فصحم الخزرجي implications the battle of badr was extremely influential in the rise of two men who determined the course of arabian history in the next century the first was muhammad who was transformed overnight from a meccan outcast into the leader of a new community and city state at medina marshall hodgson adds that badr forced the other arabs to regard the muslims as challengers and potential inheritors to the prestige and the political role of the quraysh shortly thereafter he expelled the banu qaynuqa one of the jewish tribes in medina for assaulting a muslim woman which led to their expulsion for breaking the peace treaty the tribe is also known for having threatened muhammad s political position at the same time abd allah ibn ubayy muhammad s chief opponent in medina found his own position seriously weakened he was only able to mount limited challenges to muhammad 40 the other major beneficiary of the battle of badr was abu sufyan ibn harb safely away from the battle leading the caravan the death of amr ibn hisham as well as many other qurayshi nobles 41 gave abu sufyan the opportunity almost by default to become chief of the quraysh as a result when muhammad marched into mecca six years later it was abu sufyan who helped negotiate its peaceful surrender abu sufyan subsequently became a high ranking official in the muslim empire and his son mu awiya later went on to found the umayyad caliphate hamza had performed especially well during the battle of badr killing one of the leaders and a number of high ranking officials of the quraysh in retaliation the quraysh put a bounty on his head an assassin killed him at battle of uhud and the quraysh followed by publicly mutilating hamza 42 in later days the battle of badr became so significant that ibn ishaq included a complete name by name roster of the muslim army in his biography of muhammad in many hadiths veterans who fought at badr are identified as such as a formality and they may have even received a stipend in later years 43 the death of the last of the badr veterans occurred during the first fitna 44 legacy indeed there was a sign for you in the two armies that met in battle one fighting for the cause of allah and the other in denial the believers saw their enemy twice their number but allah s...