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illed on 23 december 1941 canadian troops from a company royal rifles and troops from various units were murdered at eucliff by soldiers of the 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment after surrender at least 7 were killed 115 six men of the middlesex were killed defending pb 14 at deepwater bay ride lyon light most of them were killed after capture via beheading another 36 known victims cannot be placed precisely at one of the three locations ridge overbays eucliffe in the evening of 24 december japanese soldiers of the 229th and 230th regiments stormed the marynoll mission position resistance continued until dawn 116 at least six officers and a number of other men were killed after capture at maryknoll mission 117 four members of the 8th coastal regiment ra may have been killed here as well estimates of the number of men murdered vary from 11 to 16 in the evening of 24 december 1941 soldiers of the 1st battalion 229th regiment stormed the field hospital of st stephen s college murdering the medical personnel and the wounded soldiers nurses were raped and then murdered this was the largest scale war crime against the garrison during the battle 118 twelve nurses were raped at the emergency hospital at happy valley racecourse on 25 december 119 from 25 to 28 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units possibly include rear area troops looted and raped the civilians in causeway bay they were sometimes stopped by japanese gendarmerie but there were not enough of them to stop the rampage 120 kowloon edit one private john payne and an australian were captured by the japanese in kowloon on 12 december and executed new territories edit from 8 9 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units passed through the fanling orphanage and looted the place nurses and amahs were raped and brutalized at least one baby was killed during the process the case however was not thoroughly investigated and the perpetuators were not identified and tried 121 subsequent operations edit main article japanese occupation of hong kong see also british army aid group hong kong volunteer company and east river column dongjiang guerillas fighting in trenches isogai rensuke became the first japanese governor of hong kong this ushered in the three years and eight months of imperial japanese administration 103 the 38th infantry division departed hong kong in january 1942 the hong kong defence force was established during the same month and was the main japanese military unit in hong kong throughout the occupation 122 during the over three and a half years of occupation by the japanese an estimated 10 000 hong kong civilians were executed while many others were tortured raped or mutilated 103 the local population in the rural new territories a mix of hakka cantonese and other han chinese groups waged a guerrilla war with limited success the resistance groups were known as the gangjiu and dongjiang forces the japanese razed several villages in reprisal the guerillas fought until the end of the japanese occupation general takashi sakai who led the invasion of hong kong and served as governor for some time was tried as a war criminal and executed by a firing squad in 1946 citation needed japanese war criminals captured by british forces in hong kong response by the canadian government edit following the fall of hong kong conservative premier of ontario george a drew accused the federal government under liberal prime minister william lyon mackenzie king of incompetence for sending canadian troops that were not sufficiently trained to hong kong 123 minister of defence james ralston conceded that canadian soldiers were not adequately trained for a combat role but the government only expected the soldiers to serve in a garrison role 124 king responded by organizing a royal commission into the decision to send canadian troops to hong kong while king considered crerar as a commissioner he was concerned that he may frame the deployment as a political decision 125 chief justice lyman duff was appointed as the commissioner who subsequently cleared the government of any fault 123 126 the royal commission and its outcome tarnished the reputation of chief justice duff who had two years earlier been granted a bi partisan extension by parliament to his term despite being past the mandatory retirement age of 75 123 the report led to opposition in parliament to further extensions of his term and he subsequently retired in january 1943 123 in july 1946 major general christopher maltby the british commander in hong kong completed his final report which contradicted duff s report 127 the canadian government had the report toned down and delayed its publication until january 1948 127 awards edit battalions from both indian army regiments earned battle honours for the defence of hong kong 128 129 130 in his despatch major general c m maltby wrote about the conduct of troops under his command in hong kong and mentions the 5 7 rajput regiment this battalion fought well on the mainland and their repulse of the enemy attack on devil s peak was entirely successful the full force of the enemy s initial attack on the island fell on this battalion and they fought gallantly until they had suffered heavy casualties 100 of british officers and most senior indian officers being lost and were run over gander was a newfoundland dog posthumously awarded the dickin medal the animals victoria cross in 2000 for his deeds in world war ii the first such award in over 50 years he picked up a thrown japanese hand grenade and rushed with it toward the enemy dying in the ensuing explosion but saving the lives of several wounded canadian soldiers colonel lance newnham captain douglas ford and flight lieutenant hector bertram gray were awarded the george cross for the gallantry they showed in resisting japanese torture in the immediate aftermath of the battle the men had been captured and were in the process of planning a mass escape by british forces their plan was discovered but they refused to disclose information under torture and were shot by firing squad 131 captain mateen ansari of the 5 7th rajput s was awarded the george cross for most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner despite numerous efforts by the japanese to get him to renounce his allegiance to the british and assist them in spreading subversion amongst the indian ranks held in japanese pow camps after the fall of the colony all efforts failed ansari was tortured and starved for over five months before being sentenced to death he was executed by beheading on 20 october 1943 132 commemoration edit the cenotaph in central commemorates the defence as well as war dead from the first world war the shield in the colonial emblem of hong kong granted in 1959 featured the battlement design to commemorate the defence of hong kong during the second world war this coat of arms was in place until 1997 when it was replaced by the regional emblem after the war lei yue mun fort became a training ground for the british forces until 1987 when it was vacated in view of its historical significance and unique architectural features the former urban council decided in 1993 to conserve and develop the fort into the hong kong museum of coastal defence the memorial garden at hong kong city hall commemorates those who died in hong kong during world war ii statue of an anonymous world war i soldier from statuary collection of eu tong sen also visible is the battle of hong kong memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of hong kong in december 1941 through john robert osborn memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of hong kong in december 1941 through john robert osborn and to commemorate the british garrison at hong kong the cenotaph in hong kong commemorative plaque at the entrance to memorial gardens at hong kong city hall the memorial garden at hong kong city hall shrine to the war dead in the memorial garden at hong kong city hall see also edit japanese occupation of hong kong liberation of hong kong notes edit british 5 072 canadian 1 689 indian 3 829 others 357 4 figures taken from selwyn selwyn clarke the director of medical services in hong kong 7 articles in the new york times and the chicago daily of 15 december 1941 46 the pilots were charles l sharp 47 hugh l woods 48 harold a sweet 49 william mcdonald 50 frank l higgs 51 robert s angle 52 p w kessler 53 and s e scott 54 footnotes edit banham 2003 p316 operations in the far east from 17th december 1940 to 27th december 1941 pdf london gazette 38183 20 january 1948 573 22 january 1948 retrieved 29 november 2017 banham 2003 pp 330 33 1 2 official report of the debates of the house of commons of the dominion of canada volume 2 1942 page 1168 ishiwari 1956 pp 47 48 carew 1960 pp 80 banham 2005 p 318 fung 2005 p 129 1 2 harris 2005 lai rava 2014 p 35 the war with japan parts 1 2 and 3 december 1941 to january 1945 united states military academy 1951 p 31 stobie james r 13 september 2012 more to the story a reappraisal of u s intelligence prior to the pacific war biblioscholar isbn 978 1249373070 archived from the original on 22 january 2020 terry copp 2001 the defence of hong kong december 1941 canadian military history 10 4 3 5 7 issn 1195 8472 defeat still cries aloud for explanation explaining c force dispatch to hong kong pdf canadian military journal 11 number 4 autumn 2011 46 retrieved 30 november 2017 horne 2004 pp 75 76 macri 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 operations in the far east from 17th december 1940 to 27th december 1941 pdf london gazette 38183 20 january 1948 573 22 january 1948 archived pdf from the original on 17 september 2017 retrieved 29 november 2017 stewart 2020 p 68 roland 2001 p 4 chi man yiu lun 2014 pp 165 219 scudieri james d the indian army in africa and asia 1940 42 implications for the planning and execution of two nearly simultaneous campaigns department of defence school of advanced military studies us army command and general staff college fort leavenworth archived from the original on 17 july 2011 retrieved 30 november 2017 chi man yiu lun 2014 pp 144 145 macri 2011 p 67 white 1994 p 32 white 1994 p 41 nicholson k w maurice jones with a foreword by cameron 1957 the history of coast artillery in the british army uckfield naval and military press in association with firepower the royal artillery museum pp 258 259 261 isbn 978 1845740313 cite book isbn date incompatibility help cs1 maint multiple names authors list link g d johnson 1984 the battle of hong kong after the battle 46 battle of briton prints 2 3 19 20 issn 0306 154x banham 2005 p 315 stacey 1956 p 448 stacey 1956 pp 448 449 stacey 1956 p 449 lai rava 2014 p 23 the capture of hong kong in 1941 the naval battle naval historical society of australia december 2011 retrieved 27 may 2018 1 2 lai rava 2014 pp 12 79 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 48 lai rava 2014 p 54 hong kong volunteer defence corps jean baptiste étienne rodéric égal hong kong baptist university library retrieved 17 november 2022 the wwii sacrifice of free french defending hong kong afp 8 december 2016 retrieved 17 november 2022 lindsay oliver harris john r 2005 the battle for hong kong 1941 1945 hostage to fortune hong kong hong kong university press pp 65 75 80 81 137 isbn 978 962 209 779 7 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 37 in 1941 hawaii was a half hour different from the majority of other time zones see utc 10 30 lai rava 2014 pp 37 38 lai rava 2014 p 38 1 2 3 4 lai rava 2014 p 39 lai rava 2014 pp 39 43 http www cnac org permanent dead link charles l sharp hugh l woods harold a sweet william mcdonald frank l higgs robert s angle p w kessler s e scott lai rava 2014 p 43 lai rava 2014 pp 45 47 ko wordie 1996 p 63 ko wordie 1996 p 129 lai rava 2014 p 47 the battle of hong kong eyewitness accounts south china morning post retrieved 20 june 2017 raghavan srinath 2016 india s war world war ii and the making of modern south asia new york basic books p 234 isbn 978 0 465 03022 4 luff john 1967 the hidden years hong kong pp 7 25 27 28 33 36 83 oclc 205901 cite book work ignored help cs1 maint location missing publisher link lai rava 2014 pp 49 52 ko wordie 1996 p 133 lai rava 2014 p 49 52 lai rava 2014 pp 52 54 ferguson ted 1980 desperate siege the battle of hong kong scarborough ont doubleday canada pp 99 151 152 168 isbn 978 0 17 601524 4 lindsay oliver harris john r 2005 the battle for hong kong 1941 1945 hostage to fortune hong kong hong kong university press pp 88 100 105 114 isbn 978 962 209 779 7 hong kong war diary hongkongwardiary com retrieved 20 june 2017 lai rava 2014 pp 54 56 ko wordie 1996 p 89 1 2 linton 2017 wo235 1030 nicholson 2010 p xv battle of hong kong 8 dec 1941 25 dec 1941 world war ii database lai rava 2014 pp 56 61 ko wordie 1996 p 39 lai rava 2014 pp 62 63 lai rava 2014 p 69 lai rava 2014 p 53 60 lai rava 2014 pp 63 67 69 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 75 lai rava 2014 pp 70 1 lai rava 2014 pp 75 76 lai rava 2014 pp 76 77 lai rava 2014 p 77 roland 2016 pp 43 61 lai rava 2014 p 78 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 79 ko wordie 1996 p 41 hong kong s black christmas 22 december 2022 mackenzie 1951 p 214 carew 1960 p 227 carroll 2007 p 121 recollections of the battle of hong kong journal of the royal asiatic society hong kong branch 48 41 2008 issn 1991 7295 horne 2004 p 70 a scarce far east prisoner of war b e m group of five awarded to company havildar major amir a the saleroom com 25 february 2015 retrieved 20 june 2017 banham 2005 p 316 stacey 1956 p 488 antiquities advisory board list of internment camps in hong kong during the japanese occupation 1941 1945 archived 18 september 2021 at the wayback machine ap 2011 p 2 1 2 hong kong s war crimes trials collection hong kong university libraries retrieved 22 august 2025 collapse in the east the battle of hong kong remembered commonwealth war graves 1 2 3 carroll 2007 p 123 roland 2001 pp 41 2 kwong 2021 war crime sai wan aa battery kwong 2021 war crime salesian mission kwong 2021 war crime wong nai chung gap banham 2005 p 115 kwong 2021 war crime blue pool road kwong 2021 war crime the ridge kwong 2021 war crime overbays banham 2005 p 220 hong kong s war crimes trial collections case no wo235 1030 major general tanaka ryosaburo hku libraries retrieved 5 july 2021 hong kong s war crimes trial collections case no wo235 1107 lt gen ito takeo hku libraries retrieved 5 july 2021 kwong 2021 war crime eucliff kwong 2021 war crime maryknoll mission banham 2005 p 262 kwong 2021 war crime st stephen s college roland 2001 pp 25 6 kwong 2021 war crime causeway bay kwong 2021 war crime fanling orphange chi man yiu lun 2014 p 225 1 2 3 4 bushnell ian 1992 captive court a study of the supreme court of canada mcgill queen s university press pp 263 265 isbn 978 0 7735 0851 4 williams david ricardo 1984 duff a life in the law vancouver university of british columbia press in association with the osgoode society p 223 isbn 978 0 7748 0203 1 williams david ricardo 1984 duff a life in the law van...