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e related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 38 00 00 n 112 00 00 e 38 0000 n 112 0000 e 38 0000 112 0000 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia battle during the second sino japanese war this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable please help improve this article by looking for better more reliable sources unreliable citations may be challenged and removed may 2022 learn how and when to remove this message this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources battle of xinkou news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2024 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message battle of xinkou part of the battle of taiyuan in the second sino japanese war and the interwar period chinese troops marching to defend xinkou mountain passes date 1937 10 11 1937 11 05 october 11 november 5 1937 3 weeks and 4 days location niangzi pass and taiyuan city in the republic of china result japanese victory belligerents china chinese nationalist party chinese communist party japan commanders and leaders yan xishan yang aiyuan wei lihuang zhu de fu zuoyi li mo an hao mengling itagaki seishiro strength 280 000 in 52 divisions 140 000 in 4 divisions 350 artillery guns 150 tanks 300 aircraft casualties and losses western claim 100 000 dead injured or missing chinese claim a battle of xinkou according to the history of the anti japanese war 55 094 killed wounded or missing 1 b according to the statistical table of the second military front 33 264 killed wounded or missing 2 226 c battle of niangziguan according to the history of the anti japanese war 28 516 killed wounded or missing 1 according to the statistical table of the second military front approximately 27 043 casualties 2 299 western claim 20 000 killed tens of thousands more wounded dozens of tanks and 24 planes battle of xinkou chinese claim 21 000 casualties 1 b japanese claim 6 245 casualties 2 226 228 battle of niangziguan chinese claim 3 520 casualties 1 japanese claim approximately 2 400 casualties 2 299 including the eighth route army 1 2 including in the battle of yuanping from october 1 until october 10 from october 12 until november 10 v t e second sino japanese war 1931 1937 pre total war phase mukden manchuria jiangqiao nenjiang bridge jinzhou harbin lytton report 1st shanghai counterinsurgency in manchuria pingdingshan great wall rehe tanggu inner mongolia north chahar qin doihara suiyuan he umezu august 1 december 9th wayaobu xi an 1937 1938 lugou bridge beiping tianjin guanganmen tongzhou chahar 2nd shanghai sihang warehouse railway operations beiping hankou tianjin pukou taiyuan pingxingguan xinkou yanmen pass nanking uss panay massacre tsingtao xuzhou taierzhuang north east henan lanfeng yellow river flood amoy chongqing wuhan jiujiang wanjialing wenxi fire xinfeng dongwuling canton 1938 1943 hainan nanchang suixian zaoyang swatow east shanxi 1st changsha south guangxi kunlun pass winter offensive baotou west suiyuan wuyuan 1st south shanxi zaoyang yichang hundred regiments guanjianao three alls policy panjiayu ningbo central hubei south anhui south henan 1st west hubei shanggao 2nd south shanxi 2nd changsha 3rd changsha nanshitou yunnan burma road tachiao oktwin toungoo the hump yenangyaung salween river kokang zhejiang jiangxi sichuan taihang mountains 2nd west hubei changjiao 1943 1945 linnan north burma and west yunnan myitkyina mogaung mount song changde ichi go central henan lingbao changsha hengyang hengyang guilin liuzhou west henan north hubei west hunan 2nd guangxi kaifeng railway bridge air war jianqiao taihoku v t e military campaigns of the empire of japan meiji era taiwan 1874 ganghwa 1875 ryukyu 1879 qing japanese war 1894 1895 triple intervention 1895 boxer rebellion 1899 1901 russo japanese war 1904 1905 japan korea treaty of 1910 taishō era tsingtao 1914 german pacific possesions 1914 siberia 1918 1922 shōwa era manchuria 1931 1932 china 1937 1945 french indochina 1940 coup d état 1945 pacific theatre 1941 1945 the battle of xinkou simplified chinese 忻口会战 traditional chinese 忻口會戰 pinyin xīnkǒu huìzhàn was a decisive engagement of the taiyuan campaign the second of the 22 major engagements between the national revolutionary army and imperial japanese army during the second sino japanese war prelude edit after battles at nankou the chahar expeditionary force of the japanese kwantung army occupied datong in shanxi province and began their assault on the yenbei area the japanese fifth division started their attack from hebei marching westwards and taking the towns of guanglin linzhou hongyuan in northwest shanxi 3 by late september the japanese commander itagaki seishiro ordered the fifth division and the chahar expeditionary force to begin attacking the chinese defense line along the inner great wall in shanxi 3 the commander of the 2nd war zone yan xishan ordered chinese troops to retreat and set up a defense line in niangziguan and pingxingguan 3 even after the eighth route army led by lin biao successfully ambushed the japanese at the battle of pingxingguan the chinese defenders suffered heavy casualties under japanese artillery and tank assaults and were forced to retreat to wutaishan to set up another defense line at xinkou 3 battle of xinkou edit yan xishan gathered all available chinese troops under his command to make a stand at xinkou because the location was flanked by wutaishan and yunzhonshan which was favorable for the defenders and was a gateway to taiyuan the capital of shanxi on october 1 the japanese central command ordered itagaki seishiro to lead the fifth division and chahar expeditionary force for the final assault on taiyuan on the same day the military commission of the chinese nationalist government ordered the 14th group army commanded by wei lihuang to fight the japanese at xinkou the 14th group army along with yan xishan s eight armies organized a frontal defense of xinkou while the 18th group army without the 120th division and 101st division 73rd division and the newly formed 2nd division organized the defense on the right flank along the sutou river s south bank commanded by zhu de while one division was sent to the enemy s rear to harass their left flank the 6th group army organized into two divisions and one brigade comprised the chinese defense on the left flank along with the 120th division commanded by yang aiyuan which concentrated their forces at heiyu and yangfangkou while one division was sent to the enemy s rear to harass their right flank the 34th and 35th armies were in reserve commanded by fu zuoyi to control the dingxiang and xinxian area on october 2 the 2nd brigade from the chahar expeditionary force started their attack on gouxian now gouyangxian and the 19th army s chinese defenders held off the attack until october 9 by then the gouxian had fallen into japanese hands the 15th brigade from the chahar expeditionary force marched around gouxian and attacked yuanping and engaged the 34th army s 196 brigade led by jiang yuzhen after intense close quarter combat the defending chinese soldiers were wiped out and the japanese took yuanping on october 12 by this time the invading forces were ready to make their move on xinkou due to the unfavorable developments on the battlefields chinese commander wei lihuang had to re organize the defense line on october 2 he positioned the 9th 61st and 35th armies to form the central defense line holding their position along the xinkou mountains passes while the 14th army 71st and 66th divisions commanded by li mo an formed the left flank controlling the yunzhongshan area finally the 33rd 17th and 15th armies formed the right flank controlling wutaishan on october 13 itagaki seishiro led 50 000 japanese troops on a major assault against xinkou the 5th division was on the left wing and concentrated their attack on nanhuaihua while the 15th brigade was on the right wing focusing their efforts on dabaishui with the 2nd brigade was in the rear defending the inner great wall the 5th divisions used 30 airplanes 40 heavy artilleries 50 tanks to flank the infantry s assault while the chinese central defense forces used the favorable terrain to put up stiff resistances despite a lack of firepower the xinkou battles rages on for days with the nanhuahua position changing hands many times on october 16 the chinese central defense force begin a major counter attack to take the high grounds at nanhuahua during this battle the commander of the 9th army hao mengling became the first chinese army general to be killed in action during the second sino japanese war despite his death the 61st army commander chen zhangjie and subsequently the 19th army commander wang jingguo continued to lead the defense of xinkou and successfully held their defensive positions during this time the communists eighth route army executed several guerrilla attacks in the japanese troops rear at lingqiu guangling weixian pingxingguan ningwu and yanmenguan on the evening of october 19 the 769th regiment of the 120th division attacked yangmingbao airbase and successfully destroyed 24 japanese airplanes on the ground by this time the japanese had suffered close to 20 000 casualties without making much progress on their assault of xinkou therefore the japanese northern china area army had to add three additional regiments on october 22 27 and 29 to assist in the attack of nanhauhua however the japanese troops still could not take this important position and had to re direct their attack to dabaishui and the chinese defenders were able to fight the japanese to a stalemate defense of niangziguan edit the military commission of the chinese nationalist government ordered troops of the 1st war zone to relocate and set up defense at niangziguan with the 17th and 30th divisions defending the center 3rd army positioned at the right wing and 14th group army on the left wing the chinese commander for the operation was assigned to huang shaohong the deputy commander of the 2nd war zone on october 11 the 20th division of the japanese army captured jingxing the japanese used only some troops to attack niangziguan and their main force marched around and captured jiuguan with the defenders at niangziguan now effectively surrounded yan xishan hasty ordered the 26th army led by sun lianzhong and stationed in northern shanxi to move to niangziguan and to organize and conduct counter attacks but it did not retake jingxing as planned on october 21 the 20th division was reinforced by the 109th division and continued their attack on niangziguan from the south aided by japanese bombers and fighters on october 26 four japanese commando battalions were able to break through the chinese 3rd army defenses at ceyuzhen and breach the niangziguan defense line the chinese forces were forced to retreat to taiyuan and were chased by the japanese attackers along the shijiazhuang taiyuan railways on november 11 the japanese troops captured shouyang after repelling an ambush by the 41st army by then all chinese troops at xinkou were ordered to retreat to taiyuan to avoid being encircled by the enemy and the japanese army had finally won the battle of xinkou conclusion edit the battle of xinkou marked the first large scale cooperation between the provincial army yan xishan s shanxi troops chinese communists eighth route army and chiang kai shek s central army 14th group army during the second sino japanese war although the chinese defenders fought bravely on a united front against the enemy during this campaign they had a large shortage of firepower especially with the ill equipped 8th route army a personal account of general li mo an stated that the only weapon the chinese infantry had against japanese tanks was molotov cocktails and many defenders on the left flank were simply run over by tanks after this battle and the subsequent battle around the city of taiyuan the chinese effectively lost control of northern china and resistance was reduced to minor guerrilla attacks behind enemy lines however because the communists and nationalists co operated well and the japanese also took serious losses many chinese were inspired to join the fight against the japanese invaders especially when jiang yuzhen and other officers were martyred in conclusion the chinese forces ultimately lost the battle paying the price of 100 000 troops dead injured or missing and were forced to retreat however they were able to kill some 20 000 japanese troops wound thousands more and destroy dozens of tanks and more than 24 aircraft setting a record high for the scale of damage inflicted to the japanese in a single battle in northern china references edit 1 2 3 4 太原會戰 一 國防部史政局 1962 pp 20 21 1 2 3 4 yili tong 2015 晋北争锋 忻口会战 武汉大学出版 1 2 3 4 peattie mark drea edward van der ven hans 2011 battle for china pdf stanford university press isbn 978 0 8047 6206 9 retrieved 6 november 2024 sources edit hsu long hsuen and chang ming kai history of the sino japanese war 1937 1945 2nd ed 1971 translated by wen ha hsiung chung wu publishing 33 140th lane tung hwa street taipei taiwan republic of china pg 195 200 map 6 中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 china s anti japanese war combat operations author guo rugui editor in chief huang yuzhang press jiangsu people s publishing house date published 2005 7 1 isbn 7 214 03034 9 38 00 00 n 112 00 00 e 38 0000 n 112 0000 e 38 0000 112 0000 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title battle_of_xinkou oldid 1370594909 categories 1937 conflicts 1937 in china 1937 in japan battles of the second sino japanese war military history of shanxi september 1937 in asia october 1937 in asia november 1937 in asia hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles lacking reliable references from may 2022 all articles lacking reliable references articles needing additional references from december 2024 all articles needing additional references articles with multiple maintenance issues articles containing simplified chinese language text articles containing traditional chinese language text pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata this page was last edited on 22 august 2026 at 01 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit 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