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Text of the page (random words):
upper sorbian pronunciation ˈbudɨʃin ⓘ 3 4 5 until 1868 budissin in german is a town in eastern saxony germany and the administrative centre of the district of bautzen it is located on the spree river is the eighth most populous town in saxony and is the seat of saxony s largest district bautzen lies in the bilingual sorbian settlement area of lusatia and is lusatia s third largest town after cottbus and görlitz as well as the second largest town in upper lusatia the town lies in the hilly upper lusatian gefilde a part of the northwesternmost foothills of the sudetes just north of the lusatian highlands bautzen is the first larger town on the spree river and the bautzen reservoir lies in the north of the town in 2021 bautzen had a population of around 38 000 although görlitz is larger it is bautzen that is regarded as the historical capital of upper lusatia bautzen is the political and cultural center of the entirety of the slavic minority of the sorbs upper and lower although lower lusatia and the lower sorbian speaking sorbs have their own second center which is cottbus about 10 percent of bautzen s population is upper sorbian speaking 6 the use of the language is more widespread in the countryside surrounding the town than in the town itself bautzen is the seat of several sorbian institutions like the domowina the german sorbian people s theater němsko serbske ludowe dźiwadło and sorbian broadcasting from 1346 until 1815 the town was a member of the lusatian league the bautzen wenceslaus market bautzener wenzelsmarkt upper sorbian budyske wjacławske wiki is germany s oldest christmas market mentioned in a chronicle 7 8 asteroid 11580 bautzen is named in honour of the city 9 names edit like other cities and places in lusatia bautzen has several different names across languages its german name was also officially changed in 1868 besides bautzen german and budyšin upper sorbian the town has had the following names german budissin variants used from c 11th century onwards saxon government changed to bautzen on 3 june 1868 lower sorbian budyšyn ˈbudɨʃɨn czech budyšín ˈbudɪʃiːn polish budziszyn buˈd͡ʑiʂɨn geography edit geographical situation edit the town on the river spree is situated about 50 km 31 mi east of dresden between the lusatian highland and the lowlands in the north amidst the region of upper lusatia to the north stretches the bautzen reservoir which was flooded in 1974 this is the former location of the villages of malsitz małšecy and nimschütz hněwsecy 10 expansion of the urban area edit the old part of bautzen is located on the plateau above the spree whose top is marked by the ortenburg de castle it is bordered by the city walls the later built more recent quarters in the east were enclosed by the city ramparts after their removal the city expanded further east and to the left bank of the river however there has only been a small urban area west of the spree until today in the 1970s the development areas of gesundbrunnen and allendeviertel were erected after 1990 several neighbouring villages were incorporated bordering municipalities edit the city is bordered by radibor großdubrau and malschwitz in the north kubschütz in the east großpostwitz obergurig and doberschau gaußig in the south as well as göda in the west all of these belong to the bautzen district the city districts subdivisions edit the 15 city districts are name population as of 1 january 2009 german upper sorbian english translation innenstadt nutřkowne město city centre 5 278 südvorstadt južne předměsto southern outskirts 1 738 westvorstadt zapadne předměsto western outskirts 3 505 gesundbrunnen strowotna studnja 8 178 nordostring sewjerowuchodny wobkruh north eastern ring 10 727 ostvorstadt wuchodne předměsto eastern outskirts 6 360 teichnitz ćichońca 377 nadelwitz nadźankecy 268 burk bórk 325 oberkaina hornja kina 832 niederkaina delnja kina 522 stiebitz sćijecy 510 kleinwelka mały wjelkow 1 314 salzenforst bolbritz słona boršć bolborcy 839 auritz wuricy 458 history edit historical affiliations duchy of poland 1002 1025 kingdom of poland 1025 1032 margraviate of meissen 1032 1075 duchy of bohemia 1075 1198 kingdom of bohemia 1198 1253 margraviate of brandenburg 1253 1319 kingdom of bohemia 1319 1469 kingdom of hungary 1469 1490 kingdom of bohemia 1490 1635 electorate of saxony 1635 1806 kingdom of saxony 1806 1871 german empire 1871 1918 weimar republic 1918 1933 nazi germany 1933 1945 allied occupied germany 1945 1949 east germany 1949 1990 germany 1990 present the siege and capture of bautzen by john george i elector of saxony in september 1620 in the 3rd century ad an eastern germanic settlement existed here but excavations have proved that the region was already inhabited as early as the late stone age sorbs arrived in the area during the migration period in the 6th century ad the first written evidence of the city is from 1002 under the name budusin upper sorbian budyšin polish budziszyn 11 in 1018 the peace of bautzen was signed between the german king henry ii and the polish ruler bolesław i the brave the treaty left the town under polish rule in 1032 it passed to the margraviate of meissen within the holy roman empire in 1075 to the duchy of bohemia elevated to a kingdom in 1198 with short periods of brandenburgian and hungarian rule in 1346 budissin became a member of the lusatian league an alliance of upper lusatian cities also including görlitz kamenz lauban löbau and zittau 12 in 1429 and 1431 it was unsuccessfully besieged by the hussites 11 in 1547 the town was subjected to the upper lusatian pönfall de a punitive measure imposed by ferdinand i in his capacity as king of bohemia after political disobedience during the schmalkaldic war which resulted in the loss of self governing privileges 12 in 1634 it was destroyed by the swedes during the thirty years war 11 in 1635 budissin fell to the electorate of saxony whose prince electors were also polish kings in personal union from 1697 to 1763 one of two main routes connecting warsaw and dresden ran through the town at that time 13 general gebhard leberecht von blücher and cossacks in bautzen 1813 during the napoleonic wars it was the site of the battle of bautzen 1813 in 1868 the name was officially changed from budissin to the more germanized form bautzen 11 in 1839 the sorbian student organization societas slavica budissenensis was founded in the city in 1845 the sorbian national anthem was publicly performed for the first time in the city the sorbian house upper sorbian serbski dom a sorbian cultural centre was opened in the city in 1904 14 bautzen town hall the leaning reichenturm after the nazi party came to power in germany in 1933 many political prisoners were held in the bautzen i and bautzen ii prisons built in 1904 and 1906 respectively 11 during the kristallnacht in 1938 local jews were persecuted and jewish owned businesses were destroyed 11 during world war ii in 1942 1943 the nazis conducted three trials of members of the polish resistance at the local court sentencing thirteen to death 15 the al bautzen subcamp of the groß rosen concentration camp operated in bautzen 16 at least 600 men mostly poles but also of other nationalities were imprisoned there about 310 of whom died 16 ernst thälmann was imprisoned there before being deported to buchenwald in april 1945 the germans evacuated many prisoners on foot to nixdorf where they were liberated by polish troops on 8 may 1945 while the remaining prisoners were liberated in bautzen by the soviets on 20 april 1945 16 between 21 and 30 april 1945 the battle of bautzen was fought which resulted in the town being recaptured by the german army 17 this meant bautzen and its surroundings stayed in german hands until germany s capitulation from 1952 to 1990 bautzen was part of the bezirk dresden of east germany bautzen was infamous throughout east germany for its two penitentiaries bautzen i was used as an official prison soon to be nicknamed gelbes elend yellow misery due to its outer colour whereas the more secretive bautzen ii was used as a facility to hold political prisoners dissidents and prisoners of conscience today bautzen i is known as the bautzen correctional institution and is used to hold prisoners who are awaiting trial 18 bautzen ii which was also operated by the gdr s ministry for state security has served as an open memorial since 1993 operated by the saxon memorials foundation it is accessible to the public guided tours are provided and occasionally films are screened 19 a permanent exhibition depicts the misery suffered by occupants visitors may tour detention cells the isolation area and the yards where prisoners were allowed to exercise 20 in 2002 the city commemorated its 1000th birthday in 2010 it was hit by a flood 11 in july 2026 a lithium ion battery energy storage facility caught fire burning for several days firefighters cooled the affected battery containers with up to 5 000 litres 1 100 imp gal 1 300 us gal of water per minute drawing water from the spree river to reduce strain on the municipal water supply the incident led to evacuations and public warnings for residents to keep windows and doors closed 21 population development edit during the early middle ages bautzen was one of the largest cities in central germany however from around the 15th century its population growth began to stagnate the relatively late onset of industrialization in bautzen brought new momentum leading to population growth even during the era of east germany following the peaceful revolution of 1990 however the city s population declined significantly dropping from 52 000 in 1989 to around 38 000 largely due to emigration and low birth rates since the early 2000s this decline has slowed considerably today when bautzen ranks as the 10th largest city in saxony by population as of 31 december 2011 98 3 of bautzen s residents were of german origin with 6 1 having a migration background population development of bautzen from 1871 to 2017 as of 31 december unless otherwise stated 1849 10 518 1868 12 623 22 1875 14 709 1890 21 516 1933 41 951 1950 41 592 as of 31 august 1960 41 613 1984 51 208 1995 44 763 2000 43 353 2005 42 150 2010 40 573 2015 40 501 2020 38 006 2021 38 360 2022 38 682 politics edit the bautzen city council consists of 34 members it meets either in the town hall de hsb or in the gewandhaus de there are also four local councils niederkaina stiebitz kleinwelka and salzenforst bolbritz whose honorary members are elected for five years mayors edit konrad johannes kaeubler lord mayor 1890 1918 gottfried franz hermann niedner 1872 1945 lord mayor 1918 1933 christian schramm born 1952 cdu lord mayor 1990 2015 alexander ahrens born 1966 independent lord mayor 2015 2022 main sights edit old waterworks and church of st michael bautzen has a very compact and well preserved medieval town centre with numerous churches and towers and a city wall on the steep embankment to the river spree with one of the oldest preserved waterworks in central europe built 1558 sites of interest include the reichenturm one of the steepest leaning and still passable towers north of the alps ortenburg castle the old waterworks an architectural monument and museum saint peter s cathedral eastern germany s only historic interdenominational church edifice hexenhaus witch s house oldest preserved residential building built in 1604 there are six museums in bautzen including the stadtmuseum bautzen bautzen city museum the sorbisches museum sorbian museum sorbian serbski muzej and the senfmuseum mustard museum sorbian institutions edit sorbian house serbski dom headquarters of various sorbian organizations sorbian museum serbski muzej sorbian gymnasium serbski gymnazij sorbian institute serbski institut bautzen is the seat of several institutions of the cultural self administration of the sorbian people foundation for the sorbian people stiftung für das sorbische volk załožba za serbski lud domowina poet sorbian for homeland actually zwjazk łužiskich serbow z t bund lausitzer sorben e v the umbrella organization of sorbian cultural associations and institutions sorbian institute serbski institut sorbian radio serbski rozhłós 23 sorbian national ensemble and the german sorbian people s theater němsko serbske ludowe dźiwadło bautzen sorbian boarding school economy edit kornmarktcenter is the largest shopping center in bautzen alstom transportation operates a large factory on fabrikstraße making railway locomotives carriages and trams it was built by the former veb waggonbau bautzen which was acquired by bombardier transportation in 1998 via deutsche waggonbau and acquired by alstom when bombardier transportation was sold by parent bombardier inc in 2021 the mustard bautz ner senf is produced in bautzen it is the market leader in the new states of germany with a market share of 65 percent 24 notable people edit hermann lotze hans unger self portrait walter von boetticher 1853 1945 historian and physician karl gustav brescius 1824 1864 railway engineer rudolf buchheim 1820 1879 german pharmacologist wilhelm buck 1869 1945 prime minister of the free state of saxony friedrich august carus 1770 1807 psychologist and philosopher kurt dinter 1868 1945 botanist and explorer in south west africa werner von erdmannsdorff 1891 1945 general of infantry in world war ii will grohmann 1887 1968 art historian and art critic erhard heinz 1924 2017 mathematician hermann hunger born 1942 austrian assyriologist stefanie kloß born 1984 lead singer of pop rock band silbermond hermann lotze 1817 1881 german philosopher and logician august gottlieb meißner 1753 1807 writer founder of the german crime novel juro mětšk 1954 2022 composer harald metzkes 1929 2026 painter and graphic artist ferdinand neuling 1885 1960 general of infantry in world war ii caspar peucer 1525 1602 german sorbian reformer physician and scholar charles gottlieb raue 1820 1896 american homeopathic physician georg hans reinhardt 1887 1963 colonel general of the german wehrmacht simone ritscher born 1959 actress friedrich wilhelm ehrenfried rost 1768 1835 theologian and philosopher hans von tettau 1888 1956 infantry general hans unger 1872 1936 painter karl friedrich gottlob wetzel 1779 1819 writer handrij zejler 1804 1872 born in the district salzenforst founder of modern sorbian poetry michael eifert born 1997 professional boxer twin towns sister cities edit see also list of twin towns and sister cities in germany bautzen is twinned with 25 worms germany 1990 heidelberg germany 1991 dreux france 1992 jablonec nad nisou czech republic 1993 jelenia góra poland 1993 panorama of bautzen viewed from the peace bridge de hsb references edit gewählte bürgermeisterinnen und bürgermeister im freistaat sachsen stand 17 juli 2022 statistisches landesamt des freistaates sachsen bevölkerung der gemeinden sachsens am 31 dezember 2025 fortschreibung des bevölkerungsstandes auf basis des zensus vom 15 mai 202...