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widrow wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 biography toggle biography subsection 1 1 early life and education 1 2 work on ai 1 3 adaptive filtering 2 publications 3 honors 4 references toggle the table of contents bernard widrow 7 languages العربية বাংলা deutsch français malagasy português українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american electrical engineer 1929 2025 bernard widrow widrow demonstrating the knobby adaline device 1963 born 1929 12 24 december 24 1929 age 96 norwich connecticut united states died september 30 2025 2025 09 30 aged 95 education massachusetts institute of technology 1 scientific career fields electrical engineering workplaces stanford university doctoral advisor william linvill doctoral students parham aarabi marcian hoff richard mattson alvy ray smith bernard widrow december 24 1929 september 30 2025 was an american professor of electrical engineering at stanford university known for his work on artificial neural networks 2 1 he co invented the widrow hoff least mean squares filter lms adaptive algorithm with his doctoral student ted hoff 3 the lms algorithm led to the adaline and madaline artificial neural networks and to the backpropagation technique 4 he made fundamental contributions to the development of digital signal processing in the fields of geophysics adaptive antennas and adaptive filtering widrow was the namesake of uncle bernie s rule the training sample size should be ten times the number of weights in a network 5 6 biography edit this section is based on 7 8 9 early life and education edit widrow was born in norwich connecticut while young he was interested in electronics during wwii he found an entry on radios in the world book encyclopedia and built a one tube radio he entered mit in 1947 studied electrical engineering and electronics and graduated in 1951 after that he got a research assistantship in the mit digital computer laboratory in the magnetic core memory group the dcl was a division of the servomechanisms laboratory 10 which was building the whirlwind i computer the experience of building magnetic core memory shaped his understanding of computers into a memory s eye view that is he look for the memory and see what you have to connect around it for his masters thesis 1953 advised by william linvill he worked on raising the signal to noise ratio of the sensing signal of magnetic core memory back then the hysteresis loops for magnetic core memory was not square enough making sensing signal noisy for his phd 1956 advised by william linvill he worked on the statistical theory of quantization noise 11 inspired by work by william linvill and david middleton 12 during phd he learned the wiener filter from lee yuk wing to design a wiener filter one must know the statistics of the noiseless signal that one wants to recover however if the statistics of the noiseless signal is unknown this cannot be designed widrow thus designed an adaptive filter that uses gradient descent to minimize the mean square error he also attended the dartmouth workshop in 1956 and was inspired to work on artificial intelligence work on ai edit in 1959 he got his first graduate student ted hoff they improved the previous adaptive filter so that it made a gradient descent for each datapoint resulting in the delta rule and the adaline to avoid having to hand tune the weights in adaline they invented the memistor with conductance adaline weights being the thickness of the copper on the graphite during a meeting with frank rosenblatt widrow argued that the s units in the perceptron machine should not be connected randomly to the a units instead the s units should be removed so that the photocell inputs would be directly inputted into the a units rosenblatt objected that the human retina is built that way despite many attempts they never succeeded in developing a training algorithm for a multilayered neural network the furthest they got was with madaline rule i 1962 which had two weight layers the first was trainable but the second was fixed widrow stated their problem would have been solved by the backpropagation algorithm this was long before paul werbos backprop to me is almost miraculous adaptive filtering edit unable to train multilayered neural networks widrow turned to adaptive filtering and adaptive signal processing using techniques based on the lms filter for applications such as adaptive antenna 13 adaptive noise canceling 14 and applications to medicine 15 at a 1985 conference in snowbird utah he noticed that neural network research was returning and he also learned of the backpropagation algorithm after that he returned to neural network research publications edit 1965 a critical comparison of two kinds of adaptive classification networks k steinbuch and b widrow ieee transactions on electronic computers pp 737 740 1985 b widrow and s d stearns adaptive signal processing new jersey prentice hall inc 1985 1994 b widrow and e walach adaptive inverse control new jersey prentice hall inc 1994 2008 b widrow and i kollar quantization noise roundoff error in digital computation signal processing control and communications cambridge university press 2008 2023 b widrow cybernetics 2 0 cham springer nature switzerland honors edit elected fellow ieee 1976 3 elected fellow aaas 1980 3 ieee centennial medal 1984 3 ieee alexander graham bell medal 1986 3 ieee neural networks pioneer medal 1991 3 inducted into the national academy of engineering 1995 ieee signal processing society award 1999 ieee millennium medal 2000 benjamin franklin medal 2001 16 international neural network society innis board member 2004 he was one of the board of governors of the international neural network society innis in 2003 references edit 1 2 widrow s stanford web page information systems laboratory electrical engineering department stanford university archived from the original on 2016 10 29 retrieved 2010 06 18 cicero linda a december 12 2025 bernard widrow pioneer of adaptive neural networks dies at 95 stanfordreport retrieved december 20 2025 1 2 3 4 5 6 andrew goldstein 1997 bernard widrow oral history ieee global history network ieee retrieved 22 august 2011 widrow b lehr m a september 1990 30 years of adaptive neural networks perceptron madaline and backpropagation proceedings of the ieee 78 9 1415 1442 doi 10 1109 5 58323 morgan n bourlard h 1989 generalization and parameter estimation in feedforward nets some experiments advances in neural information processing systems 2 morgan kaufmann widrow bernard hoff marcian e 1988 04 07 1960 bernard widrow and marcian e hoff adaptive switching circuits i 1960 ire wescon convention record i new york ire pp 96 104 neurocomputing volume 1 the mit press pp 123 134 doi 10 7551 mitpress 4943 003 0012 isbn 9780262267137 retrieved 2023 11 03 bernard widrow an oral history conducted in 1997 by andrew goldstein ieee history center piscataway nj usa ethw 1997 retrieved 2023 11 03 anderson james a rosenfeld edward eds 2000 talking nets an oral history of neural networks the mit press doi 10 7551 mitpress 6626 003 0004 isbn 978 0 262 26715 1 magoun alexander b october 2014 a nonrandom walk down memory lane with bernard widrow proceedings of the ieee 102 10 1622 1629 bibcode 2014ieeep 102 1622m doi 10 1109 jproc 2014 2351193 issn 0018 9219 collection massachusetts institute of technology digital computer laboratory records mit archivesspace archivesspace mit edu retrieved 2023 11 03 widrow b 1956 a study of rough amplitude quantization by means of nyquist sampling theory ire transactions on circuit theory 3 4 266 276 doi 10 1109 tct 1956 1086334 hdl 1721 1 12139 issn 0096 2007 oral history david middleton 2000 ethw 2021 01 26 retrieved 2023 11 03 widrow b mantey p e griffiths l j goode b b 1967 adaptive antenna systems proceedings of the ieee 55 12 2143 2159 doi 10 1109 proc 1967 6092 issn 0018 9219 widrow b glover j r mccool j m kaunitz j williams c s hearn r h zeidler j r eugene dong jr goodlin r c 1975 adaptive noise cancelling principles and applications proceedings of the ieee 63 12 1692 1716 doi 10 1109 proc 1975 10036 issn 0018 9219 yelderman mark widrow bernard cioffi john m hesler edward leddy jeffrey a july 1983 ecg enhancement by adaptive cancellation of electrosurgical interference ieee transactions on biomedical engineering bme 30 7 392 398 doi 10 1109 tbme 1983 325039 issn 0018 9294 pmid 6618506 abend kenneth 2002 the 2001 benjamin franklin medal in engineering presented to bernard widrow journal of the franklin institute tom 339 numer 3 2002 biblioteka nauki yadda journal of the franklin institute 3 339 283 294 doi 10 1016 s0016 0032 01 00044 8 awards preceded by charles k kao ieee alexander graham bell medal 1986 succeeded by joel s engel richard h frenkiel and william c jakes jr v t e artificial intelligence ai history timeline glossary lists algorithms companies institutions projects software open source proprietary concepts automated reasoning automated planning constraint satisfaction knowledge representation parameter hyperparameter loss functions regression bias variance tradeoff double descent overfitting clustering gradient descent sgd quasi newton method conjugate gradient method backpropagation attention convolution normalization batchnorm activation softmax sigmoid rectifier gating weight initialization regularization datasets augmentation prompt engineering reinforcement learning q learning sarsa imitation policy gradient diffusion latent diffusion model autoregression adversary rag uncanny valley llm post training rlhf self supervised learning reflection recursive self improvement hallucination word embedding vibe coding blended ai open source ai sovereign ai symbolic ai neuro symbolic ai situated approach actor critic algorithm applications automated theorem proving general game playing machine learning in context learning artificial neural network deep learning language model large nmt reasoning model context protocol intelligent agent ai agent artificial human companion humanity s last exam lethal autonomous weapons laws generative ai weak ai hypothetical artificial general intelligence agi artificial superintelligence asi agent2agent protocol physical ai implementations audio visual alexnet wavenet human image synthesis hwr ocr computer vision speech synthesis 15 ai elevenlabs speech recognition whisper facial recognition alphafold text to image models aurora dall e firefly flux gpt image ideogram imagen midjourney recraft stable diffusion text to video models dream machine runway gen hailuo ai kling sora seedance veo music generation riffusion suno udio world models genie oasis text list of large language models project debater ibm watson ibm watsonx decisional alphago alphazero openai five self driving car muzero action selection autogpt robot control reasoning systems deductive classifiers expert systems inference engines knowledge based systems logic programs procedural reasoning systems semantic reasoners rule based systems cognitive architectures act r soar clarion lida opencog knowledge bases conceptnet wikidata dbpedia yago people alan turing warren sturgis mcculloch walter pitts john von neumann christopher d manning claude shannon shun ichi amari kunihiko fukushima takeo kanade marvin minsky john mccarthy nathaniel rochester allen newell cliff shaw herbert a simon oliver selfridge frank rosenblatt bernard widrow joseph weizenbaum seymour papert seppo linnainmaa paul werbos geoffrey hinton john hopfield jürgen schmidhuber yann lecun yoshua bengio lotfi a zadeh stephen grossberg alex graves james goodnight andrew ng fei fei li alex krizhevsky ilya sutskever oriol vinyals quoc v le ian goodfellow demis hassabis david silver andrej karpathy ashish vaswani noam shazeer aidan gomez john schulman mustafa suleyman jan leike daniel kokotajlo françois chollet neural network architectures neural turing machine differentiable neural computer transformer vision transformer vit recurrent neural network rnn long short term memory lstm gated recurrent unit gru echo state network multilayer perceptron mlp convolutional neural network cnn residual neural network rnn highway network mamba autoencoder variational autoencoder vae generative adversarial network gan graph neural network gnn political ai cold war ai in government ai safety alignment ai takeover elections ethics of ai eu ai act nationalism precautionary principle regulation of ai us virtual politician propaganda opposition to ai data centers social and economic ai boom ai bubble ai data center ai effect ai infrastructure ai literacy ai slop ai winter anthropomorphism arms race competition environmental impact explainable ai generative engine optimization in architecture in education in fiction in healthcare chatbot psychosis in marketing in video games in visual art military applications ai warfare workplace impact category authority control databases international isni viaf gnd worldcat national united states czech republic netherlands latvia israel academics cinii mathematics genealogy project dblp people deutsche biographie other idref open library yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bernard_widrow oldid 1372838042 categories 1929 births 2025 deaths american artificial intelligence researchers ieee centennial medal laureates members of the united states national academy of engineering stanford university department of electrical engineering faculty benjamin franklin medal franklin institute laureates massachusetts institute of technology alumni hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with hcards cs1 long volume value this page was last edited on 2 september 2026 at 14 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view 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