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gation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life 2 beliefs 3 legacy 4 notes 5 references 6 further reading toggle the table of contents bias of priene 34 languages afrikaans العربية مصرى azərbaycanca беларуская català čeština deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français עברית magyar bahasa indonesia italiano latina nederlands polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina shqip српски srpski svenska தமிழ் türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 6th century bc greek sage bias of priene βίας hermaic pillar representing bias of priene vatican museums born c 7th century bc priene died c 6th century bc occupation advocate philosophical work era ancient philosophy region ancient greek philosophy school pre socratic philosophy main interests human nature notable ideas most men are bad bias of priene ˈ b aɪ ə s ancient greek βίας fl 6th century bc was a greek sage he is widely accepted as one of the seven sages of greece and spent his life working as a legal advocate free of charge for those who had been wronged he also served as an envoy for priene during mediation in a conflict with samos but he was unsuccessful bias is known for his belief that most men are bad he is also reported as saying that it is unfortunate not to be able to bear misfortune that one should fear the gods and credit them for one s good deeds and that wealth and material possessions are unimportant several tales are associated with bias saying that he refused a tripod rewarded to him for being the wisest man alive that he paid the ransom for kidnapped girls from messenia and that he fooled the lydian king alyattes into thinking priene was too well stocked to besiege bias is said to have died while arguing a case before the court in his old age he was celebrated in his home town of priene and he received praise from heraclitus who was known for disdaining historical figures life edit bias was born at priene modern day güllübahçe turkey in ionia and was active in the sixth century bc 1 he was the son of teautames 2 and a younger contemporary of solon 3 he is said to have been descended from the thebans who founded priene claims of theban lineage were common among the ionian aristocracy at the time 4 the exact span of bias s life is unclear as he has been described in the context of the second messenian war in the mid 7th century the reign of the lydian king alyattes in the early 6th century and the conquests of the akkadian empire in the mid 6th century 5 diogenes laertius reports that duris of samos called bias a labourer while others described bias as wealthy 6 as with other figures of this period the distinction between historical events and legend is not always clear 7 bias is one of the four people who are consistently grouped as one of the seven sages of greece being named by plato and diogenes laertius among others 8 he was not a statesman like many of the other sages but he was active in politics as an advocate 9 he offered legal services for those who had been wronged without requiring payment 10 1 bias traveled to samos as an envoy to advocate for priene in a territorial dispute between the two cities 3 he argued that the batinetis belonged to priene because it had been taken from them by the cimmerians before it was captured by samos his argument was unsuccessful and the mediator ruled in favour of samos 11 of the stories depicting bias his role as envoy is the most confidently determined to be true 12 this is the earliest known example of mediation as opposed to arbitration being used to end a conflict in ancient greece 13 according to herodotus bias proposed a mass migration of the ionians to create a unified settlement in sardinia so they would be safe from attacks by persia 14 bias is among the earliest figures known to have discussed the ionians as a single group 15 herodotus also said that either bias or pittacus of mytilene convinced the lydian king croesus not to build a fleet of ships to wage naval war with greece warning him that the seafaring greeks would have the advantage 16 according to milesian legend bias was one of the seven sages who passed along a tripod that was awarded to the wisest living man it had initially been given to thales of miletus but thales declared bias wiser and gave it to him bias then passed it on to another of the seven sages and it continued changing hands 17 it is said that bias eventually either suggested that the tripod be dedicated to apollo or to heracles 18 a local legend of priene held that bias paid the ransom for a group of messenian girls who had been kidnapped by pirates and that he treated them well as he returned them to their parents 18 this was followed by an alternate version of the story of the tripod where it is said that a bronze tripod was found and awarded to him for his deeds but he chose to dedicate it to apollo 19 bias is said to have stopped the lydian king alyattes from besieging priene by having two fattened mules sent out demonstrating they had so much food to sustain them that even the animals could eat well 20 he is also said to have fooled them by gathering sand and laying corn on top so it appeared they had more food than they actually did 1 according to diogenes laertius alyattes later invited bias to his court only for bias to respond that alyattes should make his diet of onions meaning that he should cry 21 diogenes laertius tells that when bias was on a ship with impious men bias asked them not to pray for safety from a storm because it would only alert the gods to their presence and that he refused to define piety to the impious because it did not concern them 22 bias is said to have died while making an argument before the court as the judges decided in bias s favour they discovered that he had died with his head in his grandson s lap 3 beliefs edit a 16th century depiction of bias by guillaume rouillé bias is known for a quote on human nature which is variously translated as the majority of men are bad 23 most men are bad 24 or most men are bad few good 25 he also believed that friends should be treated as potential enemies and enemies should be treated as potential friends 26 according to diogenes laertius bias advocated the use of persuasion over force and believed it was preferable to settle a dispute among enemies which would turn one of them into a friend than to settle disputes among friends which would turn one of them into an enemy 27 he is said to have believed one should try to be well liked by the citizens where one resides 28 diogenes laertius wrote on bias s beliefs regarding misfortune and suffering he said that bias considered the inability to bear misfortune as being unfortunate in itself and that bias cited nobly enduring changes for the worse as an example of something difficult to do diogenes laertius also reported that bias discouraged excessive worry about the misfortunes of others 22 and that he believed one should prepare for both a short life and a long life 29 bias considered material possessions unimportant one story tells that when priene was attacked he left without bringing his possessions because he believed his letters and wisdom constituted all of his belongings 30 according to diogenes laertius bias believed that individual strength comes from nature and anyone can become wealthy by chance but promoting one s country comes from reason 22 he reported that bias deemed making money to be the most pleasurable occupation 29 but that he said that one should not seek things that are impossible to obtain 22 bias is also said to have discouraged praise for the wealthy if they were otherwise unworthy 31 bias said that one should have piety in fear reflecting the common belief that fearing the gods was respectful 32 diogenes laertius reported that bias said one should admit the existence of gods and credit them for one s good actions 31 bias believed that one should be cautious in making a decision and commit to it once it is made 33 diogenes laertius said that bias considered it a sign of madness when one was too quick to speak 29 legacy edit bias s belief that most men are bad earned him the praise of heraclitus who considered him the greatest of the seven sages 23 bias was the one exception to heraclitus s scorn of his predecessors 24 theophrastus and satyrus the peripatetic similarly considered bias to be the greatest of the seven sages 34 bias s beliefs on the temporary nature of friendship and enmity was referenced by sophocles in his play ajax the character ajax the great says that emotional relations should instead be absolute commitments and that death is the only way to escape their impermanence 26 bias was famous in priene and it established a heroic cult around him following his death 35 the city erected a heroon in his honour and it minted coins in the second century bc depicting him with his tripod 36 diogenes laertius included bias in his lives and opinions of eminent philosophers which is where most information about bias has been preserved for modern study 9 he said that demodocus of leros and hipponax both used bias as an example of one who mastered pleading cases 37 notes edit 1 2 3 curnow 2010 p 8 wallace 2009 p 425 1 2 3 von der mühll 1965 p 179 obradović 2011 p 6 obradović 2011 p 3 diogenes laërtius i 82 obradović 2011 p 1 freeman 1966 p 44 1 2 obradović 2011 p 2 von der mühll 1965 pp 178 179 christesen et al 2024 p 400 pòrtulas 1993 p 145 bauslaugh 2023 p 55n41 hirsch 1986 p 228 thomas 2019 p 224 hirsch 1986 p 226 wiersma 1933 p 151 1 2 wiersma 1933 p 153 wiersma 1933 p 154 wallace 2009 p 422 diogenes laërtius i 83 1 2 3 4 diogenes laërtius i 86 1 2 freeman 1966 p 122 1 2 mckirahan 2011 p 131 waterfield 2000 p 317 1 2 crane 2020 p 172 diogenes laërtius i 87 88 diogenes laërtius i 85 1 2 3 diogenes laërtius i 87 feingold 2023 p 8 1 2 diogenes laërtius i 88 shakeshaft 2025 p 277 crane 2020 p 209 von der mühll 1965 p 178 pòrtulas 1993 p 152 zanker 2022 p 162 diogenes laërtius i 84 references edit bauslaugh robert a 2023 the concept of neutrality in classical greece university of california press isbn 978 0 520 90933 5 christesen paul lentini giuseppe murray sarah simonton matt 2024 chios lesbos samos in cartledge paul christesen paul eds the oxford history of the archaic greek world volume i argos to corcyra oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 764604 5 crane gregory 2020 thucydides and the ancient simplicity the limits of political realism university of california press isbn 978 0 520 91874 0 curnow trevor 2010 wisdom in the ancient world duckworth books isbn 978 0 7156 3504 9 feingold mordechai 2023 traces on a rhodian shore the humanist origins of a scientific metaphor journal of the warburg and courtauld institutes 86 1 34 doi 10 1086 725666 issn 0075 4390 freeman kathleen 1966 1946 the pre socratic philosophers a companion to diels fragmente der vorsokratiker third ed harvard university press hirsch steven w 1986 cyrus parable of the fish sea power in the early relations of greece and persia the classical journal 81 3 222 229 issn 0009 8353 laërtius diogenes the seven sages bias lives of the eminent philosophers vol 1 1 translated by hicks robert drew two volume ed loeb classical library mckirahan richard d 2011 1994 philosophy before socrates 2nd ed hackett publishing company isbn 978 1 60384 182 5 obradović mirko 2011 the wise man bias of priene the tradition about his time his background and the meaning of his name istraživanja journal of historical researches in serbian 22 65 74 doi 10 19090 i 2011 22 65 74 pòrtulas jaume 1993 bías de priene fortunatae año 1993 in spanish 5 141 156 shakeshaft hugo 2025 beauty and the gods a history from homer to plato princeton university press isbn 978 0 691 25244 5 thomas rosalind 2019 polis histories collective memories and the greek world cambridge university press isbn 978 1 108 14789 7 von der mühll peter 1965 was war bias von priene museum helveticum in german 22 3 178 180 issn 0027 4054 wallace robert w 2009 charismatic leaders in raaflaub kurt a van wees hans eds a companion to archaic greece wiley pp 411 426 isbn 978 1 4443 0876 1 waterfield robin 2000 the first philosophers the presocratics and sophists oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 282454 7 wiersma w 1933 the seven sages and the prize of wisdom mnemosyne 1 2 150 154 issn 0026 7074 zanker paul 2022 the mask of socrates the image of the intellectual in antiquity university of california press isbn 978 0 520 31001 8 further reading edit quotations related to bias of priene at wikiquote media related to bias of priene at wikimedia commons v t e seven sages of greece cleobulus of lindos solon of athens chilon of sparta bias of priene thales of miletus pittacus of mytilene periander of corinth myson of chenae v t e ancient greek schools of philosophy proto philosophy epimenides pherecydes seven sages thales solon pittacus bias periander cleobulus chilon pre socratic list ionian milesian thales anaximander anaximenes heraclitean heraclitus cratylus diogenes italian pythagorean pythagoras hippasus philolaus archytas lamiskos alcmaeon brontinus theano damo calliphon hermotimus metrodorus of cos arignote myia eurytus more skeptic xenophanes xeniades eleatic parmenides zeno melissus hippo pluralist ionian anaxagoras archelaus metrodorus of lampsacus italian empedocles acron pausanias atomist leucippus democritus sophist ionian protagoras prodicus hippias thrasymachus damon more italian gorgias callicles lycophron dionysodorus euthydemus more classical socrates students xenophon cynic antisthenes diogenes crates menippus more cyrenaic aristippus aristippus the younger theodorus the atheist hegesias of cyrene anniceris more eretrian phaedo of elis menedemus asclepiades of phlius megarian euclid of megara ichthyas thrasymachus of corinth eubulides stilpo nicarete pasicles bryson dialecticians clinomachus apollonius cronus euphantus dionysius diodorus cronus philo alexinus panthoides platonic plato speusippus xenocrates more peripatetic aristotle aristotelianism theophrastus strato of lampsacus lyco of troas alexander of aphrodisias more hellenistic pyrrhonist pyrrho timon of phlius aenesidemus agrippa the skeptic sextus empiricus more stoic zeno of citium cleanthes chrysippus panaetius posidonius seneca lucius ann...