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some marine turtles are used as experimental subjects to analyze bioaccumulation because of their shoreline habitats which facilitate the collection of blood samples and other data 21 the turtle species are very diverse and contribute greatly to biodiversity so many researchers find it valuable to collect data from various species freshwater turtles are another model species for investigating bioaccumulation 23 due to their relatively limited home range freshwater turtles can be associated with a particular catchment and its chemical contaminant profile developmental effects of turtles edit toxic concentrations in turtle eggs may damage the developmental process of the turtle for example in the australian freshwater short neck turtle emydura macquarii macquarii environmental pfas concentrations were bioaccumulated by the mother and then offloaded into their eggs that impacted developmental metabolic processes and fat stores 24 furthermore there is evidence pfas impacted the gut microbiome in exposed turtles 25 in terms of toxic levels of heavy metals it was observed to decrease egg hatching rates in the amazon river turtle podocnemis expansa 22 in this particular turtle egg the heavy metals reduce the fat in the eggs and change how water is filtered throughout the embryo this can affect the survival rate of the turtle egg 22 see also edit biomagnification magnification of toxins with increasing trophic level chelation therapy drug accumulation ratio environmental impact of pesticides international pops elimination network persistent organic pollutants phytoremediation removal of pollutants by bioaccumulation in plants references edit 1 2 3 alexander 1999 bioaccumulation bioconcentration biomagnification environmental geology encyclopedia of earth science pp 43 44 doi 10 1007 1 4020 4494 1_31 isbn 978 0 412 74050 3 bryan g w waldichuk m pentreath r j darracott ann 1979 bioaccumulation of marine pollutants and discussion philosophical transactions of the royal society of london series b biological sciences 286 1015 483 505 bibcode 1979rsptb 286 504w jstor 2418066 stadnicka julita schirmer kristin ashauer roman 2012 predicting concentrations of organic chemicals in fish by using toxicokinetic models environmental science technology 46 6 3273 3280 bibcode 2012enst 46 3273s doi 10 1021 es2043728 pmc 3308199 pmid 22324398 otero muras i franco uría a alonso a a balsa canto e 2010 dynamic multi compartmental modelling of metal bioaccumulation in fish identifiability implications environmental modelling software 25 3 344 353 bibcode 2010envms 25 344o doi 10 1016 j envsoft 2009 08 009 arnot jon a arnot michelle mackay donald couillard yves macdonald drew bonnell mark doyle pat 2007 molecular size cut off criteria for screening bioaccumulation potential fact or fiction integrated environmental assessment and management 6 2009 210 224 doi 10 1897 ieam_2009 051 1 pmid 19919169 ashauer roman hintermeister anita o connor isabel elumelu maline hollender juliane escher beate i 2012 significance of xenobiotic metabolism for bioaccumulation kinetics of organic chemicals in gammarus pulex environmental science technology 46 6 3498 3508 bibcode 2012enst 46 3498a doi 10 1021 es204611h pmc 3308200 pmid 22321051 1 2 3 blowes d w ptacek c j jambor j l weisener c g 1 january 2003 9 05 the geochemistry of acid mine drainage in holland heinrich d turekian karl k eds treatise on geochemistry oxford pergamon pp 149 204 doi 10 1016 b0 08 043751 6 09137 4 isbn 978 0 08 043751 4 retrieved 17 february 2021 gaion a sartori d scuderi a fattorini d 2014 bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic compounds in hediste diversicolor muller 1776 after exposure to spiked sediments environmental science and pollution research 21 9 5952 5959 bibcode 2014espr 21 5952g doi 10 1007 s11356 014 2538 z pmid 24458939 s2cid 12568097 philip wexler ed 2014 encyclopedia of toxicology third ed london isbn 978 1 78402 845 9 oclc 878141491 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link dang p li c 1 december 2022 a mini review of phytomining international journal of environmental science and technology 19 12 12825 12838 bibcode 2022jest 1912825d doi 10 1007 s13762 021 03807 z issn 1735 2630 terry n zayed a m de souza m p tarun a s 2000 selenium in higher plants annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology 51 401 432 doi 10 1146 annurev arplant 51 1 401 pmid 15012198 mercury what it does to humans and what humans need to do about it iisd experimental lakes area 23 september 2017 retrieved 6 july 2020 1 2 3 4 alan hoke robert review of laboratory based terrestrial bioaccumulation assessment approaches for organic chemicals current status and future possibilities oclc 942770368 cite book cs1 maint multiple names authors list link estevez pablo sibat manoella leão martins josé manuel reis costa pedro gago martínez ana hess philipp 21 april 2020 liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for the confirmation of caribbean ciguatoxin 1 as the main toxin responsible for ciguatera poisoning caused by fish from european atlantic coasts toxins 12 4 267 doi 10 3390 toxins12040267 issn 2072 6651 pmc 7232264 pmid 32326183 deines peter bodelier paul l e eller gundula may 2007 methane derived carbon flows through methane oxidizing bacteria to higher trophic levels in aquatic systems environmental microbiology 9 5 1126 1134 bibcode 2007envmi 9 1126d doi 10 1111 j 1462 2920 2006 01235 x issn 1462 2912 pmid 17472629 lin han yang costello mark john 7 september 2023 body size and trophic level increase with latitude and decrease in the deep sea and antarctica for marine fish species peerj 11 e15880 doi 10 7717 peerj 15880 issn 2167 8359 pmc 10493087 pmid 37701825 1 2 albers peter h camardese michael b 1993 effects of acidification on metal accumulation by aquatic plants and invertebrates 1 constructed wetlands environmental toxicology and chemistry 12 6 959 967 bibcode 1993envtc 12 959a doi 10 1002 etc 5620120602 franke christian studinger gabriele berger georgia böhling stella bruckmann ursula cohors fresenborg dieter jöhncke ulrich october 1994 the assessment of bioaccumulation chemosphere 29 7 1501 1514 bibcode 1994chmsp 29 1501f doi 10 1016 0045 6535 94 90281 x storelli m m marcotrigiano g o 1 april 2003 heavy metal residues in tissues of marine turtles marine pollution bulletin 46 397 400 doi 10 1016 s0025 326x 02 00230 8 abdallah maha ahmed mohamed 17 may 2023 bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of toxic metals in tissues of loggerhead turtles caretta caretta from the mediterranean sea coast egypt scientific reports 13 1 7995 doi 10 1038 s41598 023 33972 9 issn 2045 2322 pmc 10192338 pmid 37198257 1 2 dias de farias daniel solon rossi silmara da costa bomfim aline lima fragoso ana bernadete santos neto elitieri batista josé de lima silva flávio lailson brito josé navoni julio alejandro gavilan simone almeida souza do amaral viviane 1 july 2022 bioaccumulation of total mercury copper cadmium silver and selenium in green turtles chelonia mydas stranded along the potiguar basin northeastern brazil chemosphere 299 134331 bibcode 2022chmsp 29934331d doi 10 1016 j chemosphere 2022 134331 issn 0045 6535 pmid 35339524 s2cid 247638704 1 2 3 frossard alexandra coppo gabriel carvalho lourenço amanda toledo heringer otávio arruda chippari gomes adriana regina 1 may 2021 metal bioaccumulation and its genotoxic effects on eggs and hatchlings of giant amazon river turtle podocnemis expansa ecotoxicology 30 4 643 657 bibcode 2021ecotx 30 643f doi 10 1007 s10646 021 02384 8 issn 1573 3017 pmid 33754232 s2cid 232315423 beale david j hillyer katie nilsson sandra limpus duncan bose utpal broadbent james a vardy suzanne 1 february 2022 bioaccumulation and metabolic response of pfas mixtures in wild caught freshwater turtles emydura macquarii macquarii using omics based ecosurveillance techniques science of the total environment 806 pt 3 151264 bibcode 2022scten 80651264b doi 10 1016 j scitotenv 2021 151264 issn 0048 9697 pmid 34715216 beale david j nilsson sandra bose utpal bourne nicholas stockwell sally broadbent james a gonzalez astudillo viviana braun christoph baddiley brenda limpus duncan walsh tom vardy suzanne 15 april 2022 bioaccumulation and impact of maternal pfas offloading on egg biochemistry from wild caught freshwater turtles emydura macquarii macquarii science of the total environment 817 153019 bibcode 2022scten 81753019b doi 10 1016 j scitotenv 2022 153019 issn 0048 9697 pmid 35026273 beale david j bissett andrew nilsson sandra bose utpal nelis joost laurus dinant nahar akhikun smith matthew gonzalez astudillo viviana braun christoph baddiley brenda vardy suzanne 10 september 2022 perturbation of the gut microbiome in wild caught freshwater turtles emydura macquarii macquarii exposed to elevated pfas levels science of the total environment 838 pt 3 156324 bibcode 2022scten 83856324b doi 10 1016 j scitotenv 2022 156324 issn 0048 9697 pmid 35654195 s2cid 249213966 external links edit bioaccumulation biomagnification bioaccumulation biotransformation v t e ecology modelling ecosystems trophic components general abiotic component abiotic stress behaviour biogeochemical cycle biomass biotic component biotic stress carrying capacity competition ecosystem ecosystem ecology ecosystem model green world hypothesis keystone species list of feeding behaviours metabolic theory of ecology productivity resource restoration producers autotrophs chemosynthesis chemotrophs foundation species kinetotrophs mixotrophs myco heterotrophy mycotroph organotrophs photoheterotrophs photosynthesis photosynthetic efficiency phototrophs primary nutritional groups primary production consumers apex predator bacterivore carnivores chemoorganotroph foraging generalist and specialist species intraguild predation herbivores heterotroph heterotrophic nutrition insectivore mesopredators mesopredator release hypothesis omnivores optimal foraging theory planktivore predation prey switching decomposers chemoorganoheterotrophy decomposition detritivores detritus microorganisms archaea bacteriophage lithoautotroph lithotrophy marine microbial cooperation microbial ecology microbial food web microbial intelligence microbial loop mycoloop microbial mat microbial metabolism phage ecology food webs biomagnification ecological efficiency ecological pyramid energy flow food chain trophic level example webs lakes rivers soil tritrophic interactions in plant defense marine food webs cold seeps hydrothermal vents intertidal kelp forests north pacific gyre san francisco estuary tide pool processes ascendency bioaccumulation cascade effect climax community competitive exclusion principle consumer resource interactions copiotrophs dominance ecological network ecological succession energy quality energy systems language f ratio feed conversion ratio feeding frenzy mesotrophic soil nutrient cycle oligotroph paradox of the plankton trophic cascade trophic mutualism trophic state index defense counter animal coloration anti predator adaptations camouflage deimatic behaviour herbivore adaptations to plant defense mimicry plant defense against herbivory predator avoidance in schooling fish v t e ecology modelling ecosystems other components population ecology abundance allee effect consumer resource model depensation ecological yield effective population size intraspecific competition logistic function malthusian growth model maximum sustainable yield overpopulation overexploitation population cycle population dynamics population modeling population size predator prey lotka volterra equations recruitment small population size stability resilience resistance random generalized lotka volterra model species biodiversity density dependent inhibition ecological effects of biodiversity ecological extinction endemic species flagship species gradient analysis indicator species introduced species invasive species native species latitudinal gradients in species diversity minimum viable population neutral theory occupancy abundance relationship population viability analysis priority effect rapoport s rule relative abundance distribution relative species abundance species diversity species homogeneity species richness species distribution species area curve umbrella species species interaction antibiosis biological interaction commensalism community ecology ecological facilitation interspecific competition mutualism parasitism storage effect symbiosis spatial ecology biogeography cross boundary subsidy ecocline ecotone ecotype disturbance edge effects foster s rule habitat fragmentation ideal free distribution intermediate disturbance hypothesis insular biogeography land change modeling landscape ecology landscape epidemiology landscape limnology metapopulation patch dynamics r k selection theory resource selection function source sink dynamics niche ecological trap ecosystem engineer environmental niche modelling guild habitat marine semiaquatic terrestrial limiting similarity niche apportionment models niche construction niche differentiation ontogenetic niche shift other networks assembly rules bateman s principle bioluminescence ecological collapse ecological debt ecological deficit ecological energetics ecological indicator ecological threshold ecosystem diversity emergence extinction debt kleiber s law liebig s law of the minimum marginal value theorem thorson s rule xerosere other allometry alternative stable state balance of nature biological data visualization ecological economics ecological footprint ecological forecasting ecological humanities ecological stoichiometry ecopath ecosystem based fisheries endolith evolutionary ecology functional ecology industrial ecology macroecology microecosystem natural environment regime shift sexecology systems ecology urban ecology theoretical ecology outline of ecology v t e toxicology fields aquatic toxicology ecotoxicology occupational toxicology entomotoxicology environmental toxicology forensic toxicology medical toxicology in vitro toxicology toxicogenomics concepts acceptable daily intake acute toxicity bioaccumulation biomagnification fixed dose procedure lethal dose poison toxic capacity toxicity class toxin venom treatments activated carbon antidote cathartic chelation therapy gastric lavage hemodialysis hemoperfusion whole bowel irrigation incidents 1858 bradford sweets poisoning 2007 pet food recalls bhopal disaster minamata disease niigata minamata disease poisoning of alexander litvinenko seveso disaster consumption of tide pods visakhapatnam gas leak 2022 aqaba toxic gas leak list of poisonings related topics biological warfare carcinogen food safety hazard symbol list of extremely hazardous substances mutagen occupational safety and health category commons wikiproject authority control databases national czech republic retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bioaccumulation oldid 1375543714 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