Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

volunteers, foreign, corps, boer, second, volunteer, legion, irish, brigade, contents, origin, recruitment, war, notable, notes, references, units, hollander, scandinavian, german, of, france, american, scouts, italian, transvaal, polish, russian, greek, australian,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (339), and (97), boer (70), war (55), was (52), were (42), #volunteers (38), from (35), boers (30), with (29), corps (28), for (26), second (25), who (25), his (25), transvaal (25), #russian (23), edit (23), irish (20), foreign (19), south (18), their (17), british (16), that (16), brigade (14), 1899 (12), anglo (12), african (12), after (12), about (11), military (11), battle (11), they (11), volunteer (11), republic (11), polish (10), cause (10), maximov (10), this (9), during (9), had (9), all (8), africa (8), scandinavian (8), john (8), these (8), one (8), men (8), german (8), wikipedia (7), units (7), lynch (7), greek (7), fought (7), hollander (7), yevgeny (7), including (7), other (7), russians (7), before (7), not (7), russia (7), two (7), general (7), legion (7), under (6), october (6), 1902 (6), greeks (6), history (6), italian (6), netherlands (6), dutch (6), there (6), however (6), several (6), many (6), scouts (6), have (6), soldiers (6), unit (6), page (5), articles (5), retrieved (5), ricchiardi (5), forces (5), 1900 (5), foreigners (5), taken (5), because (5), him (5), number (5), state (5), them (5), jewish (5), which (5), what (5), poland (5), volunteered (5), but (5), into (5), read (5), among (5), part (5), formed (5), support (5), commandos (5), main (5), free (5), contents (4), search (4), may (4), you (4), september (4), wikidata (4), 2016 (4), public (4), camillo (4), society (4), day (4), costas (4), arthur (4), niko (4), people (4), government (4), later (4), prisoner (4), like (4), joined (4), out (4), fight (4), wrote (4), consisted (4), kruger (4), founded (4), pro (4), only (4), when (4), where (4), numerous (4), victory (4), given (4), leo (4), came (4), germany (4), poles (4), also (4), high (4), outbreak (4), further (4), information (4), ireland (4), led (4), american (4), france (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), table (3), view (3), statistics (3), last (3), links (3), unsourced (3), statements (3), 2015 (3), july (3), formations (3), established (3), australians (3), mantzaris (3), century (3), johnson (3), books (3), blake (3), december (3), www (3), vincent (3), robert (3), van (3), wessels (3), johannesburg (3), fighting (3), remembrance (3), notes (3), villebois (3), mareuil (3), schiel (3), macbride (3), alfred (3), bagration (3), notable (3), majority (3), few (3), side (3), most (3), death (3), australian (3), called (3), services (3), captain (3), did (3), make (3), become (3), arrived (3), jews (3), come (3), take (3), empire (3), modern (3), country (3), wounded (3), such (3), prince (3), began (3), former (3), army (3), whose (3), could (3), courage (3), against (3), became (3), took (3), join (3), countries (3), frequently (3), popular (3), pokrowsky (3), republics (3), known (3), expressed (3), those (3), defeat (3), piet (3), article (3), united (3), elandslaagte (3), scandinavians (3), sweden (3), any (3), orange (3), 400 (3), allegiance (3), tools (3), languages (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), available (2), terms (2), using (2), site (2), use (2), categories (2), wayback (2), pages (2), link (2), short (2), description (2), org (2), community (2), archived (2), press (2), november (2), london (2), paradise (2), pdf (2), long (2), distance (2), chapter (2), participation (2), journal (2), americans (2), angloboerwar (2), com (2), evangelos (2), andré (2), isbn (2), encyclopedia (2), avgustus (2), references (2), 31st (2), special (2), between (2), held (2), dead (2), ernest (2), douwes (2), dekker (2), george (2), henri (2), anne (2), marie (2), victor (2), adolf (2), herman (2), coster (2), while (2), famous (2), battles (2), ceylon (2), paardeberg (2), must (2), been (2), least (2), partook (2), through (2), hundred (2), upon (2), augustus (2), adventurers (2), world (2), now (2), central (2), living (2), leading (2), being (2), president (2), ambulance (2), renowned (2), witwatersrand (2), anti (2), reasons (2), conservative (2), invasion (2), land (2), especially (2), newspaper (2), stated (2), deep (2), invincible (2), force (2), never (2), felt (2), very (2), much (2), pretoria (2), career (2), ended (2), disgrace (2), suicide (2), attempt (2), figure (2), honor (2), italians (2), 1895 (2), due (2), combat (2), nicholas (2), power (2), some (2), left (2), alexander (2), enthusiasm (2), published (2), days (2), names (2), novelist (2), every (2), defeats (2), english (2), news (2), newspapers (2), first (2), line (2), full (2), lieutenants (2), both (2), officers (2), superiors (2), remained (2), guerrilla (2), own (2), supported (2), well (2), crowd (2), nation (2), start (2), others (2), projects (2), more (2), jutrzenka (2), ludwik (2), zalewski (2), active (2), official (2), germans (2), collected (2), proved (2), immensely (2), portraits (2), leaders (2), action (2), siege (2), members (2), appointed (2), commander (2), burghers (2), would (2), although (2), served (2), dublin (2), 000 (2), dum (2), natal (2), legions (2), thereafter (2), placed (2), boshof (2), citation (2), needed (2), cronje (2), magersfontein (2), god (2), erected (2), reads (2), kunde (2), supplied (2), stålberg (2), norway (2), italy (2), none (2), included (2), brother (2), artist (2), gogh (2), belgians (2), obliged (2), commando (2), independence (2), korps (2), 200 (2), 300 (2), oath (2), help (2), received (2), equipment (2), sympathy (2), recruitment (2), kingdom (2), origin (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, additional, apply, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, 2026, utc, hidden, webarchive, template, 2021, interlanguage, parameter, different, dmy, dates, 2022, disestablished, https, index, php, title, boer_foreign_volunteers, oldid, 1375855432, wallace, 1976, 381, 383, summary, exploits, craig, wilcox, 2002, 263, 266, critical, exposé, activities, australia, bloemfontein, hellenic, march, original, bloemhc, richard, clogg, diaspora, twentieth, macmillan, 1999, 121, machine, 1998, 2018, review, rogue, solidarity, opinion, 2014, davitt, xxvi, digilander, libero, samilitaryhistory, lectures, brown, benjamin, 2012, 2023, artefacts, kuitenbrouwer, 2017, gosselink, martine, holtrop, maria, ross, eds, amsterdam, uitgeverij, tilt, 250, 233, good, hope, 1600, 1983, apollonia, 2010, university, 103, postgraduate, 1988, studies, stapleton, timothy, bloomsbury, publishing, usa, 307, 979, 216, 04336, colonial, conflicts, volumes, 978, 620, 70253, ierland, die, boere, 1880, tot, 1935, hillegas, howard, methuen, 257, speech, ambassador, 1938, 1910, 1939, honour, afrikaner, hague, vast, nations, colonel, formerly, raised, charged, treason, sentenced, service, mass, petitioning, intervention, released, year, pardoned, 1907, king, edward, vii, ballarat, commonwealth, various, defeated, captivity, love, freedom, hero, invaluable, contribution, honoured, erecting, statue, native, village, lia, greece, modder, river, pow, camps, spion, kop, andre, counts, higher, photograph, shows, furthermore, veteran, chrysovelonis, recounts, way, arriving, often, shocked, corruption, its, disorganization, casual, brutality, afrikaners, towards, blacks, rogues, kinds, thousands, over, disreputable, advantage, booming, economic, conditions, caused, largest, population, pale, settlement, eastern, lithuania, latvia, belarus, western, ukraine, moldova, started, antisemitic, refused, serve, alongside, already, adopted, groups, segregated, benzion, aaron, financier, friend, care, josef, segal, wolf, jacobson, skills, gold, rush, historian, conservatives, usual, nationalist, thought, best, sort, rural, christian, folk, resisting, capitalists, moscow, editorial, historical, meaning, faith, patriotism, patriarchal, family, primordial, tribal, unity, iron, discipline, complete, lack, civilisation, even, seemingly, begun, tremble, georgian, paris, despite, having, heard, recalled, thinking, motherland, protect, greeted, officer, imperial, attempted, extirpate, tragic, dishonorable, discharge, owing, marked, man, redeemed, successive, wars, attempts, prove, restore, lost, previously, serbs, ottomans, 1876, ethiopians, excellent, horseman, marksman, bravery, fire, thanked, telegram, showing, outstanding, believed, representing, confidence, believing, intervene, mikhail, yengalychev, ivan, zabolotny, essen, latter, becoming, bolshevik, deputy, chairman, planning, committee, 1920s, wing, beliefs, imperialist, paul, return, dressed, uniform, greatest, extensively, covered, media, plays, pamphlets, poems, usually, pronounced, slant, writer, complained, wherever, hear, same, story, national, anthem, played, orchestras, committees, collect, money, church, offered, prayers, countless, serials, novels, portrayed, heroes, battling, arrogant, inns, restaurants, cafés, afrikaans, redecorated, style, improve, business, works, translated, her, she, condemned, diary, know, point, reached, opening, paper, morning, passionately, wish, beaten, should, rejoice, victories, grieve, kill, too, glad, cheers, soul, emperor, sister, wholly, preoccupied, england, cannot, conceal, joy, yesterday, white, sally, battalions, mountain, battery, captured, britain, principle, antagonist, 19th, naturally, sympathised, tolstoy, olive, schreiner, kommandos, subjects, tsar, eugeniusz, transferred, reserve, duration, stay, thus, neither, soldier, duty, together, fact, sent, study, methods, joining, reportage, dated, april, devoted, himself, dissatisfaction, impressed, made, comrades, goodness, progress, closer, heart, than, bittereinder, supplying, weapons, sending, missions, medical, assistance, individually, defend, found, itself, similar, position, can, include, immigrants, just, appeared, organized, appear, lists, 800, sounding, surnames, years, armed, clash, jameson, raid, deutsch, burischen, freikorps, difficult, find, treated, censuses, austrians, limited, considerable, hence, travel, costs, sympathized, situation, desire, aid, donations, widows, orphans, stories, accomplishments, stressed, peaceful, attitudes, diligence, religiosity, sectors, hopes, carnival, costumes, uniforms, generals, carnivals, shop, windows, featured, demand, merchants, imported, supposedly, gained, immense, profits, selling, mood, hotels, warsaw, zielna, street, name, lithographs, killed, seated, kimberley, january, correspondent, 150, variety, ethnic, backgrounds, second_commando, initially, irishmen, worked, citizenship, leadership, strengthened, travelling, via, delagoa, bay, went, back, 1877, reformer, opposition, laws, annex, efforts, ultimately, unsuccessful, 1881, following, decisive, irishman, aylward, adviser, victorious, rumours, surface, protesters, streets, august, meetings, across, weeks, nearly, marched, protest, planned, james, connolly, joubert, majuba, hill, charles, stuart, parnell, mps, irish_transvaal_brigade, carried, capture, near, passengers, young, journalist, life, spared, pretending, see, dumping, pistol, ammunition, declared, unlawful, pain, winston, churchill, chieveley, armoured, train, hassell, states, america, rein, eventually, curtailed, small, band, frenchmen, met, disaster, direct, command, rey, reported, next, thank, mafeking, suffered, heavy, losses, faced, scottish, elite, regiments, highland, outnumbered, entrenched, inflicted, severe, advancing, positioned, around, 1500, meters, front, fallen, buried, monuments, icke, vika, blott, falla, fold, fall, reference, poem, brought, naval, base, simonstown, prison, island, dane, jens, friis, surrendered, february, saint, helena, esaias, tegner, karl, xii, commanded, johannes, flygare, swede, erik, delsbo, william, baerentsen, copenhagen, background, railway, engineer, christer, uggla, 114, denmark, finland, professionals, seamen, attached, consisting, women, physician, wilhelm, biedenkap, oslo, chairmanship, heymans, celebrated, willem, frederik, mondriaan, involved, disbanded, merged, group, calling, themselves, citizens, memory, countrymen, died, monument, mondrian, cornelis, cor, early, stages, degree, skandinaviens, deutsches, brigades, total, 119, 230, french, 550, 600, nationality, time, resources, record, mainly, testimony, commanders, hereby, solemn, declare, willingness, assist, are, engaged, promise, obey, orders, authority, according, law, will, work, nothing, prosperity, welfare, truly, almighty, armies, compensation, horses, food, wages, allowed, translation, bagrationi, major, baron, von, reitzenstein, viscount, guchkov, witold, ścibor, rylski, influx, simultaneously, continued, rate, four, month, necessarily, fortune, professional, international, little, governments, mostly, unwilling, upset, result, actively, individuals, primarily, particularly, then, restive, areas, smaller, finns, georgia, austria, hungary, europe, participants, engagements, size, warfare, role, type, scandinavia, 1901, item, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, related, here, actions, talk, nederlands, فارسی, subsection, top, personal, recent, portal, learn, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
god almighty second boer war edit at the time of the outbreak of war the boers did not have the resources to record statistics about their forces the statistics available were mainly collected by foreigners and by the testimony of the commanders table of foreign volunteers in the second anglo boer war 1 number nationality 2 000 a dutch the unit included belgians 1 200 anglo irish 2 uk 550 600 germans 400 french 300 irish americans u s 230 300 scandinavians 3 200 russians 4 119 italians 5 14 60 greeks 6 7 few australians 7 400 known total in the early stages of the war the majority of the foreign volunteers were obliged to join a boer commando later they formed their own foreign legions with a high degree of independence including the scandinavian corps skandinaviens korps italian volunteer legion two irish brigades german corps deutsches korps dutch corps legion of france american scouts and russian scouts foreign volunteer units edit hollander corps edit dutch volunteers established the hollander corps in the south african republic a number of belgians under the chairmanship of dr g m a heymans also joined the unit in september 1899 volunteers included herman coster who became a celebrated figure in the netherlands after his death in the war cornelis vincent cor van gogh the brother of the artist vincent van gogh and willem frederik mondriaan the brother of the artist piet mondrian 8 the hollander corps was involved at the battle of elandslaagte in october 1899 after that defeat the hollander corps was disbanded and merged into other boer units a group calling themselves the second hollander corps was founded in 1900 and joined the forces of the orange free state 9 the dutch corps monument was erected by the citizens of the netherlands in memory of their countrymen who died in the battle of elandslaagte scandinavian corps edit the scandinavian corps was founded by railway engineer christer uggla 10 at the outbreak of the second boer war in 1899 and was part of the army of the transvaal boer republic the corps consisted of 114 men including officers of which 46 from sweden 13 from norway 24 from denmark 18 from finland 7 from germany 4 from the netherlands 1 from russia and 1 from italy of the soldiers none were professionals but many were seamen an ambulance unit was attached to the corps consisting of 4 men and 4 women led by the physician wilhelm biedenkap from oslo the corps was commanded by captain johannes flygare a swede from natal and lieutenants erik stålberg from delsbo in sweden and william baerentsen from copenhagen of these only stålberg had any military background the corps partook in the siege of mafeking in october and november as well as in the battle of magersfontein 10 11 december 1899 where it suffered heavy losses as it faced several scottish elite regiments from the highland brigade and was immensely outnumbered the boer soldiers were entrenched and inflicted a severe defeat upon the advancing british force the scandinavians however were positioned around 1500 meters in front of the main line the fallen were buried on site and several monuments were erected there one reads de kunde icke vika blott falla kunde de they could not fold they could only fall a reference to the poem karl xii sv by esaias tegner those scandinavians who were taken prisoner were brought through the naval base simonstown to ceylon or to the prison island saint helena after the battle the corps was supplied with 20 men and the dane jens friis was appointed captain and commander the corps was part of the boer forces under general piet cronje who surrendered at paardeberg in february 1900 general cronje reported after the victory in the battle at magersfontein next to god the boer republics have the scandinavian corps to thank for the victory german corps edit adolf schiel led the german corps and was one of the boer leaders at the battle of elandslaagte schiel was wounded at the battle and taken as a prisoner of war citation needed legion of france edit further information battle of boshof however the free rein given to the foreign legions was eventually curtailed after george henri anne marie victor de villebois mareuil and his small band of frenchmen met with disaster at boshof and thereafter all the foreigners were placed under the direct command of general de la rey american scouts edit main article united states of america in the second boer war the american scouts were led by john hassell 11 italian volunteer legion edit the italian volunteer legion of camillo ricchiardi 12 carried out the capture of an armoured train near chieveley natal among the passengers who were taken prisoner was the young journalist winston churchill whose life ricchiardi spared by pretending not to see him dumping his pistol and dum dum ammunition which had been declared unlawful on pain of death 13 irish transvaal brigade edit further information irish commandos irish_transvaal_brigade irish support for the boers went back to 1877 when several irish mps including reformer charles stuart parnell expressed their opposition to laws which would annex the south african republic to the british empire although their efforts ultimately were unsuccessful support remained high for the south african republic in ireland during the first boer war especially in 1881 following the decisive british defeat at the battle of majuba hill where an irishman alfred aylward served as an adviser to the victorious boer general piet joubert during the battle when rumours of a second war with the boers began to surface protesters led by james connolly took to the streets in dublin in august 1899 and public meetings were held across ireland in support of the boers several weeks later in dublin a crowd of nearly 20 000 marched in protest against the planned invasion of the south african republic 2 the irish transvaal brigade was established days before the outbreak of the second boer war and initially consisted of irishmen who worked in the witwatersrand these volunteers were given full citizenship and became burghers of the boer republics under the leadership of john macbride the brigade was strengthened by volunteers travelling from ireland via delagoa bay into south africa 2 second irish brigade edit further information irish commandos second_commando the second irish brigade was formed in january 1900 by former members of the irish transvaal brigade former le journal correspondent arthur lynch was appointed as the unit s commander the brigade consisted of 150 commandos from a variety of ethnic backgrounds including among others irish australian greek german boer and italian members 14 polish volunteers edit robert jutrzenka and ludwik zalewski both seated as soldiers of the german corps during the siege of kimberley by the boers in 1899 it is difficult to find out what was the number of polish volunteers during the second boer war because poles were treated in official censuses as austrians germans and russians they were also limited by a considerable distance and hence long and high travel costs the polish public sympathized with the situation of the boers and numerous poles expressed a desire to aid their cause in poland pro boer poles collected donations to support boers who were wounded in action and widows and orphans of those who were killed in action polish newspapers frequently published stories about boer accomplishments in battles and stressed their peaceful attitudes diligence and deep religiosity all sectors of polish society expressed hopes for a boer victory and carnival costumes of the uniforms of boer generals proved immensely popular at carnivals numerous shop windows in poland featured portraits of boer leaders with demand for these lithographs being so high that merchants who imported these portraits from the outbreak of the war supposedly gained immense profits from selling them because of the pro boer mood of the polish public one of the hotels in warsaw at 17 zielna street was given the name pretoria 15 germany and russia supported the boers supplying them with weapons as well as sending military missions and medical assistance to the boers republics among this crowd of people there were poles many came individually to defend a nation that found itself in a similar position to poland one can also include to this immigrants who came to south africa just before the start of the war while others appeared as part of projects organized by germany and russia polish names appear in the lists of german volunteers fighting in the unit they formed deutsch burischen freikorps among about 800 known german volunteers about 30 had polish sounding surnames more is known about two of them robert jutrzenka and ludwik zalewski arrived in the south african republic a few years before the start of the second boer war and took an active part in the armed clash in 1895 during the jameson raid other volunteers came as subjects of the russian tsar among them were two lieutenants leo pokrowsky and eugeniusz augustus both were transferred to the reserve in december 1899 for the duration of their stay in south africa thus neither was in south africa as a soldier on duty however together with other russian officers they were in fact sent by their superiors to study the combat methods of the boers and the british leo pokrowsky remained in africa joining the guerrilla bittereinder his last reportage is dated april 1 1900 later he devoted himself to fighting for the boers cause to the dissatisfaction of his superiors he was so impressed by the boers courage that he made their cause his own his comrades stated that he had the goodness and progress of the boers closer to the heart than had many boers russian volunteers edit one of the countries where enthusiasm for the boer cause was the greatest was russia where the war was extensively covered by the russian media and numerous books articles plays pamphlets and poems were published about the war usually with a pronounced pro boer slant 16 one russian writer complained wherever you go these days you hear the same story the boers the boers and only the boers 16 the national anthem of the transvaal transvaal transvaal my country was frequently played by russian orchestras numerous committees were founded to collect money for the transvaal and church services offered up prayers for a boer victory 16 in countless newspaper serials and novels the men of the kommandos were portrayed as heroes battling the arrogant british 16 such was the popular enthusiasm that inns restaurants and cafés were given afrikaans names and redecorated in the boer style to improve business 16 the works of the novelist olive schreiner were frequently translated into russian as her books become very popular after she condemned the british government 16 the novelist leo tolstoy wrote in his diary you know what point i ve reached opening a paper every morning i passionately wish to read that the boers have beaten the british i should not rejoice at the victories of the boers or grieve about their defeats after all they kill the english soldiers too i am glad when i read about the defeats of the british it cheers my soul 16 the emperor nicholas ii wrote to his sister i am wholly preoccupied with the war between england and the transvaal every day i read the news in the british newspapers from the first to the last line i cannot conceal my joy at yesterday s news that during general white s sally two full british battalions and a mountain battery were captured by the boers 16 as britain was russia s principle antagonist in the 19th century many russians naturally sympathised with the boers 16 yevgeny maximov on his return from the second boer war dressed in the uniform of a transvaal general the british historian r w johnson wrote russian conservatives were pro boer not only for the usual nationalist anti british reasons but because they thought the boers were like the best sort of russians conservative rural christian folk resisting the invasion of their land by foreign especially jewish capitalists 16 one conservative moscow newspaper in an editorial stated the deep historical meaning of this war is that faith patriotism the patriarchal family primordial tribal unity iron discipline and the complete lack of so called modern civilisation have become such an invincible force that even the seemingly invincible british have begun to tremble 16 the georgian prince niko bagration was in paris when the war began in october 1899 and despite never having heard of the transvaal before recalled thinking but it felt very much like my motherland and i felt i must protect it 16 prince bagration was greeted in pretoria by president paul kruger of the transvaal 16 yevgeny maximov a former officer in the imperial russian army whose career had ended in disgrace after he attempted suicide volunteered to fight for the transvaal in an attempt to extirpate his disgrace 16 johnson called maximov a tragic figure as his dishonorable discharge from the russian army owing to his suicide attempt marked him out as a man whose honor could never be redeemed leading maximov to volunteer in successive wars in attempts to prove his courage to the world and restore his lost honor 16 maximov had previously fought with the serbs against the ottomans in 1876 78 and with the ethiopians against the italians in 1895 96 16 maximov an excellent horseman and marksman became renowned with the boers due to his bravery under fire and was thanked by kruger in a telegram after the war for showing outstanding courage in combat 16 kruger believed that maximov was representing nicholas and took him into his confidence believing that maximov had the power to make russia intervene in the war 16 some of the russian volunteers were men of the left like prince mikhail yengalychev ivan zabolotny and alexander essen with the latter becoming a bolshevik who ended his career as the deputy chairman of the russian state planning committee in the 1920s 16 left wing russians volunteered to join the boer cause due to their anti imperialist beliefs 16 however through several hundred russians who did make their way to fight for the transvaal upon arriving they were often shocked by the corruption of the transvaal government its state of disorganization and the casual brutality of the afrikaners towards blacks 16 one russian volunteer yevgeny augustus wrote that the transvaal had become a paradise for adventurers and rogues of all kinds as thousands of men from all over the world many of them disreputable arrived in the transvaal to fight in the war 16 the majority of the russians who fought for the transvaal were russian jews who come before the war to take advantage of the booming economic conditions caused by the witwatersrand gold rush 16 the largest jewish population in the russian empire was in the pale of settlement which consisted of what is now modern central and eastern poland lithuania latvia belarus western an...