Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

bongor, arabic, contents, main, changes, vocabulary, references,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
#arabic (39), judeo (17), language (12), bongor (12), script (12), the (11), from (9), and (8), wikipedia (7), algerian (7), edit (7), eastern (6), main (6), page (5), languages (5), chad (5), contents (4), search (4), based (4), other (4), turku (4), tunisian (4), north (4), western (4), history (4), changes (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), contact (3), about (3), this (3), with (3), articles (3), glottolog (3), short (3), are (3), maghrebi (3), pidgin (3), yemeni (3), moroccan (3), baghdadi (3), egyptian (3), south (3), maltese (3), pre (3), braille (3), numerals (3), french (3), article (3), replaced (3), creole (3), tools (3), toggle (2), table (2), code (2), privacy (2), policy (2), terms (2), may (2), was (2), categories (2), description (2), wikidata (2), pidgins (2), creoles (2), varieties (2), iso (2), thuluth (2), hijazi (2), root (2), letters (2), standard (2), jordanian (2), gulf (2), bimbashi (2), sanʽani (2), adeni (2), tripolitanian (2), syrian (2), palestinian (2), iraqi (2), central (2), bedawi (2), hilal (2), hilalian (2), modern (2), spoken (2), classical (2), old (2), nabataean (2), alif (2), alphabet (2), ancient (2), arabian (2), some (2), information (2), 9783110292343 (2), isbn (2), science (2), references (2), english (2), vocabulary (2), personal (2), tends (2), vowels (2), lingua (2), franca (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), links (2), read (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, under, additional, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, use, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, 2026, utc, hidden, unnamed, without, speaker, estimate, different, arab, diaspora, africa, retrieved, https, org, index, php, title, bongor_arabic, oldid, 1352602136, category, between, parentheses, their, left, indicate, extinct, italics, islam, macarabic, encoding, dos, codepages, 864, 720, 711, 710, 709, 708, windows, 1256, iec, 8859, unicode, keyboard, technical, tawqi, taliq, sini, shahmukhi, ruqʽa, rasm, nastaliq, naskh, muhaqqaq, mashq, kufic, kairouani, jeli, jawi, diwani, ajami, calligraphy, quranic, corpus, ipa, mater, lectionis, triliteral, grammar, irab, case, imala, tajwid, sun, moon, phonology, linguistics, names, literature, academic, madam, nubi, maridi, juba, bengali, habban, beda, tunisene, wqal, kjal, bedouin, sociological, nigerian, chadian, shirvani, khorasani, kashkadarya, bukhara, bactrian, asian, others, tihami, taʽizzi, indonesian, hadhrami, shihhi, omani, najdi, group, yafiʽi, hejazi, qatari, khamseh, kuwaiti, emirati, bahraini, dhofari, bareqi, bahrani, peninsular, cypriot, anatolian, qeltu, shawi, khuzestani, gilit, mesopotamian, damascene, aleppine, lebanese, cilician, levantine, sudanese, saʽidi, nile, valley, sulaym, libyan, maqil, nemadi, hassaniya, saharan, village, mountain, jebli, traras, msirda, lesser, kabylia, jijel, sfaxian, sahel, sahili, fessi, tunis, ceuta, urban, żurrieqi, żejtun, qormi, gozitan, cottenera, australian, sicilian, andalusi, literary, proto, islamic, waw, nun, mim, lam, kaf, qaf, ghayn, ayn, ḍad, ṣad, shin, sin, zay, dhal, dal, kha, gim, tha, dagger, hamza, shaddah, tanwin, nunation, harakat, tashkil, ijam, diacritics, scripts, influence, romanization, overviews, luffin, xavier, 2013, new, lafkioui, mena, berlin, gruyter, 162, 1861, 4302, issn, 1515, doi, african, approaches, dialectology, manfredi, stefano, lucas, christopher, 2019, press, 325, 9783961102518, 323, induced, change, hammarström, harald, forkel, robert, haspelmath, martin, eds, jena, germany, max, planck, institute, for, human, one, wāħid, واحد, wáy, name, ism, اسم, úsum, car, voiture, wotír, speech, speak, kalām, كلام, kalám, when, during, jusqu, zúska, journalist, journaliste, žurnalíst, origin, typical, longer, productive, semitic, system, affixes, verbs, definite, distinction, gender, lost, stressed, long, these, distinctive, features, that, serves, around, town, direct, descendant, former, bong1302, mis, none, 639, codes, early, forms, family, native, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, pdf, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, link, related, what, here, general, actions, talk, tiếng, việt, top, special, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
bongor arabic wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 main changes 2 vocabulary 3 references toggle the table of contents bongor arabic 1 language tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia arabic based creole language spoken in chad bongor arabic native to chad language family arabic based creole turku arabic bongor arabic early forms bimbashi arabic turku arabic language codes iso 639 3 none mis glottolog bong1302 bongor arabic is an arabic based creole language that serves as a lingua franca in and around the town of bongor chad 1 2 it is a direct descendant of turku arabic a former lingua franca of chad 2 main changes edit these are some of the main distinctive features of bongor arabic 3 long vowels are replaced by short stressed vowels x tends to be replaced by k f tends to be replaced by p ʕ is lost no gender distinction no definite article al il no personal affixes on verbs the root system typical to arabic and other semitic languages is no longer productive vocabulary edit bongor 2 origin 2 english žurnalíst from french journaliste journalist zúska from french jusqu à when during kalám from arabic كلام kalām speech to speak wotír from french voiture car úsum from arabic اسم ism name wáy from arabic واحد wāħid one references edit hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin eds bongor arabic glottolog jena germany max planck institute for the science of human history 1 2 3 4 manfredi stefano lucas christopher 2019 arabic and contact induced change language science press pp 323 325 isbn 9783961102518 luffin xavier 2013 some new information about bongor arabic in lafkioui mena ed african arabic approaches to dialectology berlin de gruyter p 162 doi 10 1515 9783110292343 isbn 9783110292343 issn 1861 4302 v t e arabic language overviews language alphabet history romanization numerals influence on other languages scripts nabataean script arabic script ancient north arabian ancient south arabian script arabic numerals eastern numerals arabic braille algerian braille maltese braille diacritics ijam tashkil harakat nunation tanwin shaddah hamza dagger alif maltese alphabet letters alif ba ta tha gim ḥa kha dal dhal ra zay sin shin ṣad ḍad ṭa ẓa ayn ghayn fa qaf kaf lam mim nun ha waw ya varieties pre islamic proto arabic nabataean arabic old arabic old hijazi arabic pre classical arabic literary classical modern standard modern spoken maghrebi pre hilalian andalusi sicilian maltese australian cottenera gozitan qormi żejtun żurrieqi urban ceuta tunis north eastern tunisian fessi village eastern sahili sahel sfaxian jijel lesser kabylia western traras msirda jebli mountain judeo maghrebi judeo moroccan judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian hilalian central hilal algerian judeo algerian algerian saharan eastern algerian eastern hilal tunisian maqil hassaniya nemadi moroccan eastern western western algerian sulaym libyan western egyptian bedawi nile valley egyptian saʽidi sudanese levantine north cilician lebanese syrian aleppine damascene south jordanian palestinian mesopotamian gilit baghdadi khuzestani shawi south north qeltu anatolian cypriot judeo iraqi baghdadi peninsular bahrani bareqi bedawi dhofari gulf bahraini emirati kuwaiti khamseh qatari hejazi k group yafiʽi najdi omani shihhi yemeni hadhrami indonesian sanʽani taʽizzi adeni tihami judeo yemeni others central asian bactrian bukhara kashkadarya khorasani shirvani chadian nigerian sociological bedouin arabic judeo arabic judeo algerian judeo egyptian judeo iraqi baghdadi judeo moroccan kjal wqal judeo palestinian judeo syrian judeo tripolitanian judeo tunisian tunisene judeo yemeni adeni beda habban sanʽani creoles and pidgins bimbashi bongor gulf pidgin jordanian bengali pidgin juba maridi nubi pidgin madam turku academic literature names linguistics standard arabic phonology sun and moon letters tajwid imala irab case grammar triliteral root mater lectionis ipa quranic arabic corpus calligraphy script ajami script diwani hijazi script jawi script jeli thuluth kairouani kufic maghrebi mashq muhaqqaq naskh script nastaliq rasm ruqʽa script shahmukhi sini script taliq script tawqi thuluth technical arabic keyboard arabic script in unicode iso iec 8859 6 windows 1256 ms dos codepages 708 709 710 711 720 864 macarabic encoding other islam and arabic language italics indicate extinct languages languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bongor_arabic oldid 1352602136 categories arabic based pidgins and creoles arab diaspora in africa languages of chad hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata language articles without speaker estimate articles with unnamed glottolog code this page was last edited on 5 may 2026 at 05 02 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents bongor arabic 1 language add topic