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ups were continually at war with other bororo groups as well as with other tribes and non indigenous brazilians and their war parties undertook long distance raids bororo villages formed long term alliances for war 4 in the 18th century mining sites for the extraction of gold began in mato grosso due to the pressure of the garimpeiros the gold seekers bororo divided into two groups those of the east coroados and those of the west campanhas which once separated never returned to be united the bororo of the west disappeared in the second half of the 20th century in bolivia the eastern bororo however remained isolated from the world until the middle of the nineteenth century when a road was built connecting the mato grosso region to são paulo and minas gerais this road passed through the são lourenço valley where bororo lived this was the reason why the most violent conflict was triggered in the history of the conquest of mato grosso after fifty years of war bororo surrendered to the state and after that apparent truce came the diamond seekers who also exploited and severely damaged the territory after these conflicts the bororo people saw some peace with the mission of pacifying the salesian missionaries their christianization was in any case another event that contributed to almost completely extinguishing their linguistic and cultural heritage obviously today the situation of bororo seems less critical than in the past culture edit bororo boe man from mato grosso at brazil s indigenous games 2007 while searching for missing explorer percy fawcett in 1930 a wayward party including aloha wanderwell filmed the daily activities of the bororo a 32 minute silent film from the trip survives as part of the smithsonian institution s human studies film archives and documents a ceremonial dance a first contact scenario with boboré villagers and bororo men experiencing sympathetic labor pains 5 anthropologist claude lévi strauss lived for some time among the bororo during his first stay in brazil 1935 1939 their mythology features extensively in his book the raw and the cooked 6 marshal cândido rondon 1865 1956 who was to become the first director of brazil s indians protection bureau spi funai and creator of the xingu national park was the son of a bororo woman his first major success after joining the army was the installation of a telegraph line to mato grosso he not only was able to pacify the bororo who had blocked previous attempts to set up that line but even recruited their help to complete it the bororo associate body odor with a person s life force and breath odor with the person s soul 7 language edit the bororo people speak bororo proper which belongs to the bororo language family in the macro ge language family literacy rates are under 30 the language is written in the latin script 2 the bororo people call their original language boe wadáru the majority of the population today speaks portuguese and the bororo language 8 this language is spoken by about a thousand individuals who constitute a small ethnic group of the amazon named bororo people its diffusion area is mainly found in the brazilian region of mato grosso in 1976 there was recorded a very low native number four people in the bolivian district of santa cruz in the province of angel sandoval near the border with brazil however today it is supposed that the bororo language is extinct in bolivia since it is thought to have been incorporated by other predominant linguistic realities today the bororo language is spoken in brazil in the state of mato grosso mainly in the villages of meruri sangradouro and perigera even in brazil this language risked being extinct forever towards the end of the 1960s the use of the bororo language was forbidden in the towns of merai and sangradouro where the salesian mission was operating but with the passing of time it was restored and the bilingual education was put into practice all this led to a moderate revitalization of the language but since then it is still spoken by just 1024 individuals making it a so called extinct language or threatened social structure edit description of the village given by claude lévi strauss funeral banquet of bororo indians in engraving by friedrich wilhelm kuhnert 1865 1926 the bororo are a small people in the amazon rainforest living in the southwest of the brazilian region of mato grosso the literal translation of the word boror is village courtyard it s no coincidence that bororo s homes are traditionally arranged in a circle that will be a kind of spatiotis or patio for them which will act as the main space of bororo s life this square if so called is so important that it has given the same name to this group of people as it is within that typical courtyard that the bororo people concentrate most of the social phenomena and spirit religious in the complex social organization of bororo the classification of individuals is governed by several number of factors including clan membership blood descent and group of residence referring to where a family lives in the village this last detail is important because in the spatial distribution of homes each clan occupies a precise role the aldeia village is divided into two exogamic half exerae and tugarége each divided into four clans consisting of several families a curious aspect for a people that may sometimes seem primitive is that woman has a very particular role in the concept of bororo society and indeed the rule of the offspring predicts that this is matriarchal and that the infant then receives a name that join the mother clan the importance of these rules is also noted in marriage after a bororo wedding the man will have to live in the house of his bride and will also have obligations to his family such as fishing hunting working and if necessary making ornamental items for his bride s brother although it seems that man is totally devoted and devoted entirely to his wife after marriage it is this complexity of conjugal relationships that is the cause of frequent separations making it possible for a man to live in multiple homes throughout his life despite everything that has so far been explained it may lead to thinking that the husband s obligations to his wife are at the top of the pyramid because of their importance another truth of the bororo culture is that a man always maintains a bond with his much more important family of what binds her to her bride it is true that an adult male although married maintains a number of obligations to the women of his family namely his sisters for example it is their custom that a man is more concerned with his grandchildren iwagedu in bororo than his own children the only obligation of a father to his children is to banish them a physical and non cultural obligation the complex organization of their lives also reflects on how one lives in the home in fact although two families of different nuclei having blood ties even outside that exact space live under the same roof they can divide the interior spaces of the house it is not by chance that the ends of the house are more private areas where you can put this division into practice and the center of the house is a shared space devoted to visits small daily rituals and eating meals the bororo home is usually left with doors and windows open to allow it to be able to control what is inside in the center except when rituals are held inside which women cannot attend or during mourning one last interesting thing to consider is that in mourning the house becomes a space between the domestic domain and the public legal domain as sylvia caiuby novaes observes since the end of funerals must be destroyed after it has been completely empty throughout the mourning period lifestyle edit portrait of an amerindian bororo by hercules florence during the expedition conducted in the brazilian amazon by grigory langsdorff from 1825 to 1829 traditionally hunters and gatherers under the influence of the missionaries and then of the brazilian authorities more recently were put into agriculture which now ensures their subsistence men hunt and women especially in the rio vermelho region plant and harvest recently introduced cassava maize and rice since agriculture is practiced only by women they are becoming increasingly important particularly as a result of the scarcity of game the bororos practice many rituals including corn festival a celebration of cereal gathering important food in indian food the piercing of the ears and the lips the funeral ritual is a sacred celebration for all those who consider themselves indians the rites of passage in which individuals pass from one social category to another the most important are the naming ceremony the initiation the funerary rites which can last up to 2 months and which have attracted the attention of ethnologists by their complexity biology edit the bororo all share the same blood type type o blood like most native americans 9 totemism edit lucien lévy bruhl quotes karl von den steinen 1894 and comments the trumai a tribe of northern brazil say that they are aquatic animals the bororo neighboring tribe boast of being araras red this does not only mean that after their death they become araras nor that the araras are metamorphosed bororó and must be treated as such von den steinen who did not want to believe it but who had to surrender to their formal assertion the bororó coldly say that they are now araras exactly as if a caterpillar said it was a butterfly k von den steinen unter den naturvölkern zentralbrasiliens p 305 306 it is not a name they give it is not a relationship they proclaim what they want to convey is an essential identity for a mentality governed by the law of participation there is no difficulty there all societies of the totemic form include collective representations of the same kind implying a similar identity between the individuals of a totemic group and their totem lucien levy bruhl mental functions in lower societies paris alcan 1910 pp 61 62 4 for claude lévi strauss totemism today 1962 see also edit adugo a two player abstract strategy game invented by the bororo notes edit 1 2 3 4 bororo introduction instituto socioambiental povos indígenas no brasil retrieved 22 april 2012 1 2 3 4 bororo ethnologue 2009 retrieved 28 march 2012 boe bororo povos indígenas no brasil pib socioambiental org retrieved 22 july 2026 heckenberger michael 2005 the ecology of power culture place and personhood in the southern amazon a d 1000 2000 2005 pp 139 141 isbn 9780415945998 last of the bororos 1930 1931 human studies film archives smithsonian institution lévi strauss claude 1990 the raw and the cooked chicago university of chicago press isbn 978 0 226 47487 8 the smell report archived from the original on 11 october 2007 retrieved 21 september 2007 bororo language archived from the original on 29 may 2008 retrieved 21 september 2007 estrada mena b estrada fj ulloa arvizu r et al may 2010 blood group o alleles in native americans implications in the peopling of the americas am j phys anthropol 142 1 85 94 doi 10 1002 ajpa 21204 pmid 19862808 further reading edit diacon todd a 2004 stringing together a nation cândido mariano da silva rondon and the construction of a modern brazil 1906 1930 duke u pr landor arnold henry savage 1913 across unknown south america london hodder and stoughton langfur hal 1999 myths of pacification brazilian frontier settlement and the subjugation of the bororo indians journal of social history 32 4 879 archived from the original on 22 march 2006 via findarticles lévi strauss claude tristes tropiques the architectural review 199 1189 archived from the original on 21 january 2007 via findarticles maybury lewis david 1979 dialectical societies the ge and bororo of central brazil isbn 0 674 20285 6 viertler renate b greeting hospitality and naming among the bororo of central brazil working papers in sociolinguistics number 37 1976 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to bororos bororo bibliography society bororo centre for social anthropology and computing university of kent at canterbury bororo indians indian cultures brazil bororo world of sound v t e indigenous peoples of brazil indigenous peoples of the north region acre arara do rio amônia pt arara shawãdawa pt asháninka huni kuin katukina pano pt kuntanawa pt machinere náwa pt nukini pt poyanawa pt shanenawa yaminawá yawanawá pt amapá aruã galibi kali na galibi marworno karipuna do amapá palikur wajãpi amazonas apurinã arapaso pt bahuana banawá baniwa bará barasana baré borari pt dâw deni pt desano pt hi merimã hixkaryana pt hupd äh jamamadi jarawara pt jiahui pt juma kambeba kanamari pt katuenayana pt karapanã pt kararayana katukina pt katxuyana pt kaxarari pt koeruna pt kokama koripako pt korubo kotiria kubeo kulina kulina pano pt makuna manao maraguá pt marubo matis matsés miranha pt mirity tapuya pt munduruku mura nadöb pt okoymoyana parintintín paumari pt pirahã pira tapuya sateré mawé siriano tariana tenharim ticuna tiriyó torá pt tsohom dyapa pt tunayana pt tucano turiwára wai wai waimiri atroari warekena witoto xowyana yanomami yuhupdeh zuruahã pará aikewara akuriyó amanayé anambé aparai apiaká arapium pt aruã arara pará arara da volta grande do xingu arara vermelha araweté xingu asurini pt borari pt cara preta gavião akrãtikatêjê pt gavião parkatêjê guarani hixkaryana pt kahyana iny karajá jaraqui katuenayana pt katxuyana pt kajkwakratxi tapayuna mebengôkre kayapó kumaruara kuruaya kỳikatêjê mawayana nl hr maytapu mbya munduruku parakanã tapajó tembé tiriyó tunayana pt tupinambá turiwára waiwai wajãpi wayana xikrin mebengôkre xipaya zo é rondônia aikanã kassupá akuntsu amondawa pt apurinã arikapú pt arikem pt aruá pt cinta larga djeoromitxí pt guarasugwe ikolen kampé karipuna de rondônia pt kanoê karitiana karo kaxarari pt kujubim pt kwaza makurap pt migueleno pt nambikwara oro win pt puruborá sakurabiat pt surui paiter tupari pt uru eu wau wau wari wajuru pt zoró roraima ingarikó macushi patamona sapará pt taurepang waiwai wapichana yanomami ye kuana tocantins apinayé apyãwa asurini do tocantins pt avá canoeiro pt iny karajá javaé pt karaja do norte krahô krahô kanela pt mbya xerente indigenous peoples of the northeast region alagoas jiripancó pt kalankó pt kariri xokó pt karuazu pt katokinn karapotó pt kraunã koiupanká pt mariquito natú projé romari tingui botó tuxá pt uruá valpeba wassu pt xukuru kariri pankaxuri pt bahia abacatiara acroá amoipira anayó aricobé atikum canarim kaimbé pt catrimbi coripós galacho guerén pt imboré kantaruré pt kamakã pt kapoxó katrimbó kiriri kiriri sapuyá pt krenak krekmun kumanaxó kurupehé kutaxó lanceiros makuni malalí maracá pt masakará menyã mocoazes mongoyó monoxó nampuruk nocg nocg ocren ori pankararé pt pankaru pt panyame pt pataxó pataxó hã hã hãe pt payayá pt pontá sakrakrinha tamaquiú tocoyó topim tuzanuçu tupina truká pt tumbalalá pt tuxá pt tupinambá ubirajara xu...