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Text of the page (random words):
ebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia technical term in broadcast industry not to be confused with safe area television broadcast safe video broadcast legal or legal signal is a term used in the broadcast industry to define video and audio compliant with the technical or regulatory broadcast requirements of the target area or region the feed might be broadcasting to 1 in the united states the federal communications commission fcc is the regulatory authority in most of europe standards are set by the european broadcasting union ebu broadcast safe video edit broadcast safe standard definition video edit broadcast safe 625 video edit broadcast safe standards for 625 lines of standard definition inaccurately referred to as pal a colour encoding that is usually used with such systems video are 2 3 common name 625 50i 576i 4 commonly used digital sd sdi baseband signal smpte 259m c 270 mbit s bitrate commonly used number of vertical lines 625 576 visible active video commonly used frame rate 25 hz 25 interlaced frame s commonly used tv resolution 720 576 576i black levels 0 mv or 0 ire white levels chrominance amplitude 700 mv p p or 100 ire 100 intensity setting which corresponds to 100 0 100 0 smpte color bars 75 intensity corresponding to 100 0 75 0 color bars also referred to as ebu bars variants edit resolution aspect ratio pixel aspect ratio form of scanning framerate hz vertical horizontal 576 352 4 3 or 16 9 non square interlaced 25 50 fields s progressive 25 480 4 3 or 16 9 non square interlaced 25 50 fields s progressive 25 544 4 3 or 16 9 non square interlaced 25 50 fields s progressive 25 720 4 3 or 16 9 non square interlaced 25 50 fields s progressive 25 50 broadcast safe 525 video edit broadcast safe standards for 525 lines of standard definition system m ntsc ntsc j pal m video are 5 6 7 8 9 common name 525 60i 480i 4 commonly used digital sd sdi baseband signal smpte 259m c 270 mbit s bitrate commonly used frame rate 30 frame s black and white 29 97 interlaced frame s color black level 7 5 ire for ntsc 0 ire for ntsc j in japan and pal m in brazil blanking level 0 ire white levels 100 ire 714 mv maximum signal level 120 ire minimum signal level 20 ire variants edit resolution aspect ratio pixel aspect ratio form of scanning framerate hz vertical horizontal 480 640 4 3 square interlaced 29 97 59 94 fields s 30 60 fields s progressive 23 976 24 29 97 30 59 94 60 720 4 3 or 16 9 non square interlaced 29 97 59 94 fields s 30 60 fields s progressive 23 976 24 29 97 30 59 94 60 broadcast safe high definition video edit digital broadcasting is very different from analog the ntsc and pal standards describe both transmission of the signal and how the electrical signal is converted into an image in digital there is a separation between the subject of how data is to be transmitted from tower to tv and the subject of what content that data might contain while data transmission is likely to be a fixed and consistent affair the content could vary from high definition video to sd multicasting the next and even to non video datacasting for atsc 1 0 8vsb transmits the data while mpeg 2 encodes pictures and sound resolution aspect ratio pixel aspect ratio form of scanning frame rate hz vertical horizontal 720 1280 16 9 square progressive 23 976 24 25 29 97 30 50 59 94 60 1080 1920 16 9 square interlaced 25 50 fields s 29 97 59 94 fields s 30 60 fields s progressive 23 976 24 25 29 97 30 50 59 94 60 broadcast safe audio edit broadcast engineers in north america usually line up their audio gear to nominal reference level of 0 db on a vu meter aligned to 4 dbu or 204 dbfs in europe equating to roughly 44 dbm or 184 dbfs peak signal levels must not exceed the nominal level by more than 10 db 10 broadcast audio as a rule must be as free as possible of gaussian noise that is to say it must be as far from the noise floor as is reasonably possible considering the storage or transmission medium broadcast audio must have a good signal to noise ratio where speech or music is a bare minimum of 164 db above the noise of the recording or transmission system for audio that has a much poorer signal to noise ratio like cockpit voice recorders sonic enhancement is recommended non standard video edit although almost any video gear can create problems when broadcast equipment aimed at consumers sometimes produces video signals which are not broadcast safe usually this is to reduce the cost of the gear since a non standard video signal in the home might not create the problems that one might find in a broadcast facility potential flaws exist with vhs and 8 mm consumer devices generally lack time base correction that may cause problems with genlock and sync with some analogue and digital broadcast equipment consumer analogue video systems have greater system noise and lower chrominance and luminance than is normal for standard definition tv as a general broadcast engineering rule all analogue videotape origin material should be genlocked before transmission but this is not mandatory or necessary for all conditions all analogue videotape by default is broadcast safe under normal playing conditions older video game systems video game consoles before the sixth generation and 8 bit home computers generated a video signal lacking the half scan line needed to make interlacing happen this subtle simplification caused ntsc sets to scan 240p 60 instead of 480i60 with similar results for pal while this actually improved picture quality for the kind of low definition images that videogames of this era generated such a signal modification could cause problems in a broadcast environment as the signal behaviour is outside the original television system specifications genlocking but not timebase correction are the recommended broadcast engineering solutions computer video signals computer video can be set up to run at many different frame or field rates ranging 50 frame s to more than 240 frame s computer video is generally progressive by default but many interlaced modes exist a scan converter is typically needed to convert these signals to one of the many acceptable broadcast standards such as 59 94 hz or 50 hz this type of conversion typically degrades the quality of the broadcast image usually resulting with either motion artifacts or a lower resolution it is recommended that the display rate be set to equal the target television rate if possible in digital television only environments edit in nations that have fully converted to digital television broadcast safe analogue television takes on a slightly different meaning all broadcasting systems will have been mostly converted to digital only outputs leaving fewer entry points for analogue television signals citation needed what this means is that all devices that feed to the television transmitter must take in and feed standard analogue television signals into the transmission chain mostly it is up to the switcher to notify if there is non broadcast safe video to the programmer however due to the limitations of many switchers for dtv and hdtv it ultimately is up to the automation systems to alert the programmer of non broadcast safe video inputs citation needed as a matter of broadcast engineering practice 4 3 analogue television signals will always pose the most problems with broadcast safe compliance the use of portable and cheap timebase genlock systems for analogue television inputs in the digital television studio will be clearly mandatory for the next 50 years original research see also edit television portal 576i 480i vu meter peak programme meter smpte color bars procamp safe area references edit learn archived from the original on 1 october 2011 retrieved 22 march 2015 composite video measurements matrox archived january 7 2008 at the wayback machine pal colour bars videouniversity com archived from the original on 8 february 2012 retrieved 22 march 2015 1 2 digital video encoding dv dvcam dvcpro february 2012 retrieved 22 march 2015 videouniversity com engineering primer archived from the original on 3 march 2016 retrieved 22 march 2015 the color bars signal why and how tektronix 7 5 ire setup retrieved 22 march 2015 final cut pro avid media composer and premiere training retrieved 22 march 2015 broadcast requirements for commercials and informercials videouniversity com archived from the original on 4 march 2016 retrieved 22 march 2015 shure tech tip vu and ppm audio meters an elementary explanation retrieved 22 march 2015 v t e broadcasting medium radio radio program cable digital internet satellite mobile computing mobile television teletext television television show analog cable iptv satellite streaming digital digital terrestrial television streaming media webcast peer to peer television bittorrent television movies and music broadcasting niche campus radio commercial broadcasting community radio multichannel television pay television pay per view news broadcasting pirate radio pirate television public broadcasting list religious broadcasting talk radio specialty channels adult television channels children s television series documentary channel men s interest channel movie television channels music radio music television quiz channel shopping channel news broadcasting business channels public affairs livestreamed news sports broadcasting women s interest channel production and funding broadcast network broadcast safe broadcast television systems graphics digital on screen graphic lower third news ticker on screen display score bug television news screen layout network affiliate occupations broadcast designer broadcast license director of network programming outside broadcasting press box press pool television licence television studio v t e video formats television analog 405 lines system a 525 lines system m color systems ntsc ntsc j clear vision pal m b mac 625 lines system b c d g h i k l n color systems pal pal n palplus secam mac 819 lines system e f 1125 lines muse 1250 lines hd mac audio btsc mts eiaj nicam sap sound in syncs zweikanalton a2 igr hidden signals captioning cgms a epg gcr pdc teletext vbi veil vit vitc wss xds historical pre 1940 mechanical television 180 line 343 line 375 line 441 line 455 line 567 line field sequential color system oskm digital interlaced sdtv 480i 576i hdtv 1080i progressive ldtv 1seg 240p 288p edtv 480p 576p hdtv 720p 1080p uhdtv 4k 8k mpeg 2 video atsc dvb dvb 3d tv isdb dtmb abs s avs cmmb avs note 1 dtmb abs s mpeg 4 visual mobaho note 2 mpeg 4 avc atsc a 72 cmmb dmb dtmb dvb sbtvd 1seg mobaho note 2 avs2 note 1 abs s mpeg h hevc atsc 3 0 dvb hd dmb isdb s3 dtmb audio ac 3 5 1 ac 4 dts dra mpeg 1 audio layer ii mpeg multichannel pcm lpcm aac he aac mpeg h 3d audio hidden signals afd broadcast flag captioning cpcm epg teletext 1 2 also used in china s dvb s s2 network 1 2 defunct technical issues 14 9 compromise broadcast safe digital cinema dci display motion blur mpeg transport stream reverse standards conversion standards conversion television transmitter test card video on demand video processing widescreen signaling templates analogue tv topics v t e digital video resolutions designation usage examples definition lines rate hz interlaced fields progressive frames low mp ll ldtv vcd htv 240 288 sif 24 30 25 standard mp ml sdtv svcd dvd dv 480 ntsc 576 pal secam 60 50 24 30 25 enhanced hmp hml edtv 480 540 ntsc hq 576 pal hq 24 30 25 high mp hl hdtv bd hd dvd hdv 720 24 30 60 25 50 1080 1440 60 50 24 30 60 25 50 ultra high uhdtv uhd brd 2160 4320 60 120 180 v t e smpte standards standards smpte 259m smpte 268m smpte 274m smpte 291m smpte 292m smpte 296m smpte 330m smpte 344m smpte 356m smpte 360m smpte 367m smpte 372m smpte 377m smpte 421m smpte 424m smpte 2022 smpte 2059 smpte 2067 smpte 2071 smpte 2117 smpte color bars smpte dcp smpte timecode related articles broadcast safe broadcast television systems interoperable master format related standards organizations advanced television systems committee bbc research digital video broadcasting european broadcasting union itu radiocommunication sector formerly ccir itu telecommunication sector formerly ccitt joint photographic experts group moving picture experts group nhk science technology research laboratories v t e telecommunications history beacon broadcasting cable protection system cable tv communications satellite computer network data compression audio dct image video digital media internet video online video platform social media streaming drums edholm s law electrical telegraph fax heliographs hydraulic telegraph information age information revolution internet mass media mobile phone smartphone optical telecommunication optical telegraphy pager photophone prepaid mobile phone radio radiotelephone satellite communications semaphore phryctoria semiconductor device mosfet transistor smoke signals telecommunications history telautograph telegraphy teleprinter teletype telephone history the telephone cases television digital streaming undersea telegraph line videotelephony whistled language wireless revolution pioneers nasir ahmed edwin howard armstrong mohamed m atalla john logie baird paul baran john bardeen alexander graham bell emile berliner tim berners lee francis blake jagadish chandra bose charles bourseul walter houser brattain vint cerf claude chappe yogen dalal donald davies daniel davis jr amos dolbear thomas edison philo farnsworth reginald fessenden lee de forest elisha gray oliver heaviside robert hooke erna schneider hoover harold hopkins gardiner greene hubbard bob kahn dawon kahng charles k kao narinder singh kapany hedy lamarr roberto landell innocenzo manzetti guglielmo marconi robert metcalfe antonio meucci samuel morse jun ichi nishizawa charles grafton page radia perlman alexander stepanovich popov tivadar puskás johann philipp reis claude shannon almon brown strowger henry sutton charles sumner tainter nikola tesla camille tissot alfred vail thomas a watson charles wheatstone vladimir k zworykin internet pioneers transmission media coaxial cable fiber optic communication optical fiber free space optical communication internet molecular communication radio waves wireless transmission line telecommunication circuit network topology and switching bandwidth links network switching circuit packet list nodes terminal telephone exchange multiplexing space division frequency division time division polarization division orbital angular momentum code division concepts communication protocol computer network data transmission store and forward telecommunications equipment types of network cellular network ethernet isdn lan mobile ngn public switched telephone radio television telex uucp ...