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eral information 2 appearance 3 authorized devices 4 history toggle history subsection 4 1 world war ii infantry award 4 2 u s air force criteria controversy 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents bronze star medal 25 languages العربية català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español فارسی suomi français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский simple english svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia united states armed forces decoration award this article is about the us military award for the campaign attachment see service star for the canadian life saving award see royal life saving society canada bronze star redirects here not to be confused with bronze award bronze medal or bronze medallion award bronze star medal front view type military medal awarded for heroic or meritorious achievement or service presented by department of the army 1 department of the navy 2 department of the air force 3 department of homeland security 4 reverse clasps army air force and space force v device navy marine corps and coast guard combat v status currently awarded established executive order 9419 4 february 1944 superseded by e o 11046 24 august 1962 first award 4 february 1944 retroactive through 7 december 1941 final award currently awarded service ribbon precedence next higher army soldier s medal naval service navy and marine corps medal air and space forces airman s medal coast guard coast guard medal next lower purple heart the bronze star medal bsm is a united states armed forces decoration awarded to members of the united states armed forces for either heroic achievement heroic service meritorious achievement or meritorious service in a combat zone when the medal is awarded by the army air force or space force for acts of valor in combat the v device is authorized for wear on the medal s ribbon similarly when the medal is awarded by the navy marine corps or coast guard for acts of valor or meritorious service in combat the combat v is authorized for wear on the medal s ribbon officers from the other uniformed services of the united states are eligible to receive this award as are foreign soldiers who have served with or alongside a service branch of the united states armed forces 5 6 civilians serving with u s military forces in combat are also eligible for the award for example upi reporter joe galloway was awarded the bronze star with v device for actions during the vietnam war specifically rescuing a badly wounded soldier under fire in the battle of ia drang valley in 1965 7 8 another civilian recipient was writer ernest hemingway 9 general information edit the bronze star medal was established by executive order 9419 4 february 1944 superseded by executive order 11046 24 august 1962 as amended by executive order 13286 28 february 2003 10 the bronze star medal may be awarded by the secretary of a military department or the secretary of homeland security with regard to the coast guard when not operating as a service in the department of the navy or by such military commanders or other appropriate officers as the secretary concerned may designate to any person who while serving in any capacity in or with the army navy marine corps air force coast guard or space force of the united states after 6 december 1941 distinguishes or has distinguished herself or himself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service not involving participation in aerial flight a while engaged in an action against an enemy of the united states b while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force or c while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the united states is not a belligerent party the acts of heroism are of a lesser degree than required for the award of the silver star the acts of merit or acts of valor must be less than that required for the legion of merit but must nevertheless have been meritorious and accomplished with distinction the bronze star medal without the v device may be awarded to each member of the armed forces of the united states who after 6 december 1941 was cited in orders or awarded a certificate for exemplary conduct in ground combat against an armed enemy between 7 december 1941 and 2 september 1945 for this purpose the us army s combat infantryman badge or combat medical badge award is considered as a citation in orders documents executed since 4 august 1944 in connection with recommendations for the award of decorations of higher degree than the bronze star medal cannot be used as the basis for an award under this paragraph effective 11 september 2001 the meritorious service medal may also be bestowed in lieu of the bronze star medal without combat v device for meritorious achievement in a designated combat theater 11 appearance edit the bronze star medal was designed by rudolf freund 1878 1960 of the jewelry firm bailey banks biddle 12 freund also designed the silver star 13 the medal is a bronze star 1 1 2 inches 38 mm in circumscribing diameter in the center is a 3 16 inch 4 8 mm diameter superimposed bronze star the center line of all rays of both stars coinciding the reverse bears the inscription heroic or meritorious achievement with a space for the name of the recipient to be engraved the star hangs from its ribbon by a rectangular metal loop with rounded corners the suspension ribbon is 1 3 8 inches 35 mm wide and consists of the following stripes 1 32 inch 0 79 mm white 67101 9 16 inch 14 mm scarlet 67111 1 32 inch 0 79 mm white center stripe 1 8 inch 3 2 mm ultramarine blue 67118 1 32 inch 0 79 mm white 9 16 inch 14 mm scarlet and 1 32 inch 0 79 mm white 14 authorized devices edit the bronze star medal with the v device to denote heroism is the fourth highest military decoration for valor although a service member may be cited for heroism in combat and be awarded more than one bronze star authorizing the v device only one v may be worn on each suspension and service ribbon of the medal 15 16 the following ribbon devices must be specifically authorized in the award citation in order to be worn on the bronze star medal the criteria for and wear of the devices vary between the services oak leaf cluster in the army air force and space force 17 the oak leaf cluster is worn to denote additional awards 5 16 inch star in the navy marine corps and coast guard the 5 16 inch star is worn to denote additional awards 16 v device in the army the v is worn solely to denote participation in acts of heroism involving conflict with an armed enemy 17 in the air force and space force the v is worn to denote heroism in combat combat v in the navy marine corps and coast guard the v is worn to denote combat heroism or to recognize individuals who are exposed to personal hazard during direct participation in combat operations 2 15 history edit an example of an army bronze star medal citation given for combat valor marine col richard e edgington after being awarded a bronze star colonel russell p red reeder conceived the idea of the bronze star medal in 1943 he believed it would aid morale if captains of companies or of batteries could award a medal to deserving people serving under them reeder felt another medal was needed as a ground equivalent of the air medal and suggested calling the proposed new award the ground medal 18 the idea eventually rose through the military bureaucracy and gained supporters general george c marshall in a memorandum to president franklin d roosevelt dated 3 february 1944 wrote the fact that the ground troops infantry in particular lead miserable lives of extreme discomfort and are the ones who must close in personal combat with the enemy makes the maintenance of their morale of great importance the award of the air medal has had an adverse reaction on the ground troops particularly the infantry riflemen who are now suffering the heaviest losses air or ground in the army and enduring the greatest hardships the air medal had been adopted two years earlier to raise airmen s morale president roosevelt authorized the bronze star medal by executive order 9419 dated 4 february 1944 retroactive to 7 december 1941 this authorization was announced in war department bulletin no 3 dated 10 february 1944 president john f kennedy amended executive order 9419 per executive order 11046 dated 24 august 1962 to expand the authorization to include those serving with friendly forces this allowed for awards where us service members become involved in an armed conflict where the united states was not a belligerent at the time of the executive order for example the us was not a belligerent in vietnam so us advisers serving with the republic of vietnam armed forces would not have been eligible for the award since the award criteria state that the bronze star medal may be awarded to any person while serving in any capacity in or with the us armed forces awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the united states are permitted thus a number of allied soldiers received the bronze star medal in world war ii as well as un soldiers in the korean war vietnamese and allied forces in the vietnam war and coalition forces in recent military operations such as the persian gulf war war in afghanistan and the iraq war a number of bronze star medals with the v device were awarded to veterans of the battle of mogadishu world war ii infantry award edit as a result of a study conducted in 1947 a policy was implemented that authorized the retroactive award of the bronze star medal without the v device to all soldiers who had received the combat infantryman badge or the combat medical badge during world war ii the basis for this decision was that these badges were awarded only to soldiers who had borne the hardships which resulted in general marshall s support of the establishment of the bronze star medal both badges required a recommendation by the commander and a citation in orders 14 u s air force criteria controversy edit see also medal inflation in 2012 two u s airmen were allegedly subjected to cyber bullying after receiving bronze star medals for meritorious non combat service the two airmen who had received the medals in march 2012 had been finance ncoics in medical units deployed to the war in afghanistan the awards sparked a debate as to whether or not the air force was awarding too many medals to its members and whether the bronze star should be awarded for non combat service 19 this prompted the air force to take down stories of the two posted to the internet and to clarify its criteria for awarding medals the air force contended that meritorious service awards of the bronze star outnumber valor awards and that it views awards on a case by case basis to maintain the integrity of the award 20 this is not the first time that the usaf has been criticized for offering this award the department of defense investigated the award of the bronze star medal bsm by the usaf to some 246 individuals after operations in kosovo in 1999 all but 60 were awarded to officers and only 16 of those awarded were actually in the combat zone at least five were awarded to officers who never left whiteman air force base in missouri during this campaign the navy had awarded 69 bsms and the army with 5 000 troops in neighboring albania considered part of the combat zone awarded none 21 22 in the end there was a pentagon review and decision by congress in 2001 to stop the awarding of bronze stars to personnel outside the combat zone 23 references edit army regulation 600 8 22 military awards pdf department of the army 11 december 2006 archived from the original pdf on 11 january 2018 retrieved 10 january 2018 1 2 secnav instruction 1650 1h navy and marine corps awards manual pdf department of the navy 22 august 2006 archived from the original pdf on 16 february 2012 retrieved 16 february 2012 the air force military awards and decorations program pdf department of the air force 8 february 2018 archived from the original pdf on 9 october 2018 retrieved 10 january 2018 coast guard military medals and awards manual pdf department of homeland security 15 august 2016 archived from the original pdf on 9 october 2022 phs officer awarded bronze star for year long deployment in afghanistan commissioned officers association of the usphs inc 22 july 2009 archived from the original on 7 april 2014 retrieved 12 december 2009 australian officer awarded us bronze star the age australian associated press 16 march 2005 archived from the original on 14 october 2008 retrieved 7 december 2012 galloway joseph l 10 november 2015 from the front lines of ia drang valley killing dying and suffering indelibly marked us all stars and stripes retrieved 29 october 2016 joseph l galloway we were soldiers archived from the original on 11 august 2016 hemingway on war and its aftermath national archives and records administration retrieved january 12 2022 title 32 volume 3 section 578 16 bronze star medal code of federal regulations washington d c u s government printing office 1 january 2008 pp 390 391 archived from the original on 14 march 2012 title 32 volume 3 section 578 18 meritorious service medal code of federal regulations washington d c u s government printing office 1 july 2008 archived from the original on 8 november 2012 fact sheet bronze star u s air force 23 august 2010 archived from the original on 22 october 2013 bronze star orders and medals society of america archived from the original on 12 january 2012 1 2 bronze star medal institute of heraldry archived from the original on 1 november 2013 1 2 2013 unhcr country operations profile afghanistan unhcr archived from the original on 26 september 2013 1 2 department of defense manual 1348 33 volume 3 pdf defense technical information center 23 november 2010 pp 51 53 archived from the original pdf on 26 february 2013 retrieved 1 july 2012 1 2 army regulation 600 8 22 military awards pdf department of the army 24 june 2013 archived pdf from the original on 22 july 2011 retrieved 16 january 2015 reeder col red 1966 born at reveille new york city duell sloan and pearce p 218 schogol jeff 16 april 2012 tech sgts take heat after receiving medals air force times archived from the original on 20 december 2016 lyle amaani 24 april 2012 air force officials clarify bronze star approval process u s air force retrieved 25 april 2012 anderson jon r vinch chuck 8 june 2000 pentagon reviewing bronze star awards stars and stripes retrieved 29 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