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for reasons of medical necessity and facing little population pressure saw little reason to engage in what they saw as the destruction of innocent life 3 though no systematic information is available abortion appears to be very rare among exiled tibetans living in areas where abortion is legal 3 tibetan buddhists believe that a person who has had an abortion should be treated compassionately and guided to atone for the negative act through appropriate good deeds and religious practices these acts are aimed at improving the karmic outcome for both the mother and the aborted fetus but authorities warn that they will not be effective if one has undertaken an abortion while planning to negate it by atoning for it later 3 the dalai lama has said that abortion is negative but there are exceptions he said i think abortion should be approved or disapproved according to each circumstance 4 southern buddhism edit laws and views on abortion vary greatly in theravada buddhist nations attitudes and laws in thailand are generally more favourable towards abortion than in sri lanka 5 while abortion is still viewed as negative in burma myanmar it is allegedly also employed with some frequency to prevent out of wedlock births 5 regarding attitudes towards abortion in thailand peter harvey notes abortion is discussed not in the language of rights to life or choice but of benefit and harm with the intent of relieving as much human suffering in all its states stages and situations as circumstances allow with an emphasis on reducing the circumstances leading women to feel that they need to have an abortion in november 2010 the issue of abortion and buddhism in thailand was thrust onto the front pages after 2000 fetuses were discovered stored at a temple in bangkok at this time abortion was illegal in the country except in cases of rape or risk to the woman s health following the scandal leading politicians and monks spoke out to reaffirm their opposition to abortion laws phramaha vudhijaya vajiramedhi was unequivocal in the buddhist view both having an abortion and performing an abortion amount to murder those involved in abortions will face distress in both this life and the next because their sins will follow them prime minister abhisit announced a crackdown on illegal abortion clinics and refused calls to change the law saying that current laws were good enough 6 however in october 2022 thailand s public health ministry legalized abortions up to the 20th week of pregnancy an extension of a previous law which allowed termination of pregnancy within the first 12 weeks pro choice advocates in thailand and around the world celebrated the new rules as a positive development but noted that more needed to be done to ensure doctors were trained and the public was made aware of their rights to an abortion experts note that thailand s move to expand abortion access comes amid a wave of global expansion of abortion rights in recent years 7 peter harvey relates attitudes towards abortion in burma to melford spiro s observation that buddhists in myanmar recognize a clear distinction between what may be regarded as ultimate good in a religious sense and what is a worldly good or utilitarian act 5 despite the prevalence of illegal abortions in myanmar due to economic difficulty many buddhists consider it against their religious beliefs 8 a 1995 survey on women in myanmar showed that 99 thought abortion was against their religious beliefs 8 east asia edit buddhists in japan are said to be more tolerant of abortion than those who live elsewhere 9 in japan women sometimes participate in the shinto buddhist ritual of mizuko kuyō 水子供養 lit fetus memorial service after an induced abortion or an abortion as the result of a miscarriage 10 similarly in taiwan women sometimes pray to appease ghosts of aborted fetuses and assuage feelings of guilt due to having an abortion this type of ritual is called yingling gongyang 11 the modern practice emerged in the mid 1970s and grew significantly in popularity in the 1980s particularly following the full legalization of abortion in 1985 12 it draws both from traditional antecedents dating back to the han dynasty and the japanese practice 13 14 these modern practices emerged in the context of demographic change associated with modernization rising population urbanization and decreasing family size together with changing attitudes towards sexuality which occurred first in japan and then in taiwan hence the similar response and taiwan s taking inspiration from japan 11 13 see also edit buddhist ethics five precepts noble eightfold path references edit abortion buddhism bbc religion ethics retrieved 15 january 2008 1 2 3 harvey peter introduction to buddhist ethics 2000 cambridge university press pg 311 20 1 2 3 4 harvey peter introduction to buddhist ethics 2000 cambridge university press pg 328 29 dreifus claudia 28 november 1993 the dalai lama the new york times 1 2 3 harvey peter introduction to buddhist ethics 2000 cambridge university press pg 329 32 abortion reform is up against buddhism in thailand the guardian comment is free published 25 november 2010 as u s enforces abortion restrictions thailand expands access time 2022 10 27 retrieved 2023 05 21 1 2 ba thike katherine 1997 abortion a public health problem in myanmar reproductive health matters 5 9 94 100 doi 10 1016 s0968 8080 97 90010 0 jstor 3775140 barnhart michael g 1995 buddhism and the morality of abortion archived 12 december 2006 at the wayback machine journal of buddhist ethics 5 retrieved 10 august 2006 human flower project mizuko jizo archived 2018 01 08 at the wayback machine retrieved on 29 april 2009 1 2 moskowitz marc l 2001 the haunting fetus abortion sexuality and the spirit world in taiwan university of hawaii press isbn 978 0 82482428 0 archived from the original on 2012 10 22 retrieved 2012 10 14 winterton bradley 2001 08 12 appeasing the ghosts of the unborn taipei times retrieved 2012 10 14 1 2 charles b jones review of moskowitz marc l the haunting fetus abortion sexuality and the spirit world in taiwan h buddhism h net reviews august 2002 shih fang long september 2002 review of the haunting fetus abortion sexuality and the spirit world in taiwan the china quarterly 171 765 767 jstor 4618793 v t e buddhism outline glossary index people beliefs foundations four noble truths three jewels buddha dharma sangha noble eightfold path nirvana middle way key concepts avidyā ignorance bardo bodhicitta buddha nature dhamma theory dharma enlightenment bodhisattva buddhahood pratyekabuddhayāna four stages of awakening sotāpanna sakadagami anāgāmi arhat five hindrances indriya karma kleshas mental factors mindstream parinirvana pratītyasamutpāda rebirth saṃsāra saṅkhāra skandha śūnyatā taṇhā craving tathātā ten fetters three marks of existence anicca dukkha anattā two truths doctrine philosophy abhidharma atomism buddhology buddhism and democracy economics eight consciousnesses engaged buddhism eschatology ethics humanism logic reality secular buddhism socialism the unanswerable questions views on creator evolution sexuality cosmology ten spiritual realms six paths deva realm human realm asura realm hungry ghost realm animal realm naraka nirvana three planes of existence other abhijñā amitābha brahmā dharma talk hinayana iddhi kalpa koliya lineage māra siddhi sacred languages pāḷi sanskrit practices bhavana bodhipakkhiyādhammā brahmavihara mettā karuṇā mudita upekkha buddhābhiṣeka dāna devotion deity yoga dhyāna faith five strengths iddhipada meditation mantras kammaṭṭhāna recollection smarana anapanasati samatha vipassanā vipassana movement shikantaza zazen tukdam koan ganana mandala tonglen tantra tertön terma merit mindfulness mindful yoga satipatthana nekkhamma nianfo pāramitā paritta puja offerings prostration music refuge sādhu satya sacca seven factors of enlightenment sati dhamma vicaya pīti passaddhi śīla five precepts eight precepts bodhisattva vow pratimokṣa threefold training śīla samadhi prajñā vīrya four right exertions twenty two vows of ambedkar yujia yankou shuilu fahui dabei chan yaoshi bao chan monasticism bhikkhu bhikkhunī śrāmaṇera śrāmaṇerī anagārika ajahn sayadaw zen master rōshi lama rinpoche geshe tulku western tulku kappiya donchee householder upāsaka and upāsikā achar śrāvaka ten principal disciples shaolin monastery texts early buddhist texts tripiṭaka mahayana sutras pali canon chinese buddhist canon tibetan buddhist canon dhammapada sutra vinaya madhyamakālaṃkāra abhidharmadīpa branches mahayana zen chinese chan japanese zen korean seon vietnamese thiền pure land tiantai huayan risshū nichiren madhyamaka yogachara vajrayana tibetan buddhism chinese esoteric buddhism shingon dzogchen theravada southern esoteric buddhism navayana early buddhist schools pre sectarian buddhism basic points unifying theravāda and mahāyāna southern eastern and northern buddhism major figures the buddha tathāgata birthday four sights eight great events great renunciation physical characteristics life of buddha in art footprint relics iconography in laos and thailand films miracles family suddhodāna father māyā mother mahapajapati gotamī aunt adoptive mother yaśodharā wife rāhula son ānanda cousin devadatta cousin bodhi tree places where the buddha stayed buddha in world religions disciples kaundinya assaji sāriputta mahamoggallāna ānanda mahākassapa aṅgulimāla anuruddha mahākaccana nanda subhūti puṇṇa mantānīputta upāli mahapajapati gotamī khema uppalavanna asita channa yasa bodhisattvas avalokiteśvara guanyin mañjuśrī mahāsthāmaprāpta ākāśagarbha kṣitigarbha samantabhadra vajrapāṇi skanda tārā metteyya maitreya other kātyāyana anuruddha upāli rāhula ānanda nagasena aśvaghoṣa nagarjuna asanga vasubandhu kumārajīva buddhaghosa buddhapālita dignāga bodhidharma faxian lushan huiyuan sengyou emperor wu of liang tanluan dazu huike sengcan zhiyi daochuo guanding emperor wen of sui songtsen gampo xuanzang shandao huineng fazang śubhakarasiṃha vajrabodhi yi xing shenhui jianzhen amoghavajra mazu daoyi zhanran guifeng zongmi linji yixuan yongming yanshou siming zhili yunqi zhuhong zibo zhenke hanshan deqing youxi chuandeng miyun yuanwu ouyi zhixu yinyuan longqi poshan haiming jixing chewu xuyun yinguang taixu hsuan hua chin kung hsing yun wei chueh sheng yen cheng yen padmasambhava yeshe tsogyal machig labdrön chökyi drönma milarepa marpa lotsawa thang tong gyalpo dolpopa sherab gyaltsen 3rd karmapa rangjung dorje saraha atiśa naropa karmapa jamgon kongtrul kōbō daishi dōhan kakuban dengyō daishi ennin kūya hōnen ippen shōkū shinran dōgen hakuin ekaku bankei yōtaku ikkyū eisai d t suzuki shunryū suzuki nichiren trần nhân tông shamarpa khenchen palden sherab rinpoche penor rinpoche namchö mingyur dorje dalai lama panchen lama samding dorje phagmo ajahn mun b r ambedkar ajahn chah thích nhất hạnh history timeline ashoka kanishka buddhist councils history of buddhism in india decline of buddhism in india huichang persecution of buddhism greco buddhism gandharan buddhism texts menander i buddhism and the roman world buddhism in the west silk road transmission of buddhism persecution of buddhists in afghanistan in vietnam rimé movement banishment of buddhist monks from nepal dalit buddhist movement chinese invasion of tibet 1959 tibetan uprising sinhalese buddhist nationalism buddhist modernism vipassana movement 969 movement engaged buddhism women in buddhism culture architecture temple vihāra kyaung wat ordination hall stupa pagoda burmese pagoda candi dzong architecture list of buddhist architecture in china japanese buddhist architecture buddhist temples in korea thai temple art and architecture tibetan buddhist architecture art greco buddhist budai buddha in art calendar cuisine funeral holidays vesak uposatha māgha pūjā asalha puja vassa jaya sri maha bodhi kasaya mahabodhi temple mantra om mani padme hum mudra music pilgrimage lumbini maya devi temple bodh gaya sarnath kushinagar 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