Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

bull, trout, dolly, varden, in, contents, description, distribution, and, habitat, dispersal, feeding, conservation, historical, names, references, california, other, uses, of, europe,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (156), trout (121), and (78), bull (68), species (26), fish (25), from (24), confluentus (24), river (24), #varden (22), dolly (21), salvelinus (20), they (17), retrieved (16), for (16), are (16), with (15), archived (15), original (15), was (14), char (14), conservation (14), edit (14), threatened (13), name (13), april (13), this (12), doi (11), dispersal (11), also (11), that (11), may (10), 2023 (10), other (10), have (10), states (9), national (9), lake (9), pdf (9), population (9), rivers (9), populations (9), been (9), wildlife (8), service (8), wikipedia (7), united (7), natureserve (7), mccloud (7), california (7), its (7), issn (7), forest (7), large (7), can (7), were (7), their (7), listed (7), search (6), under (6), use (6), all (6), alberta (6), north (6), iucn (6), coastal (6), washington (6), canada (6), habitat (6), distribution (6), some (6), malma (6), act (6), genetic (6), commons (5), page (5), red (5), life (5), february (5), government (5), has (5), oregon (5), bibcode (5), spawning (5), upper (5), found (5), spots (5), her (5), cold (5), systems (5), feeding (5), movements (5), contents (4), wikimedia (4), wikidata (4), articles (4), 2021 (4), description (4), list (4), title (4), related (4), charr (4), brook (4), sea (4), salmonidae (4), 2006 (4), history (4), fisheries (4), fishes (4), 2012 (4), endangered (4), september (4), november (4), 1996 (4), 1993 (4), columbia (4), rieman (4), 1999 (4), s2cid (4), management (4), spotted (4), 2009 (4), native (4), these (4), appearance (4), same (4), applied (4), citation (4), needed (4), called (4), soda (4), springs (4), one (4), over (4), which (4), northern (4), between (4), historical (4), water (4), long (4), diversity (4), dps (4), well (4), maintaining (4), habitats (4), distance (4), lakes (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), view (3), about (3), non (3), 2026 (3), january (3), links (3), december (3), short (3), america (3), japan (3), vulnerable (3), golden (3), europe (3), march (3), report (3), during (3), salmon (3), cosewic (3), status (3), montana (3), dept (3), fin (3), 2018 (3), genetics (3), bruce (3), john (3), 5962 (3), bhl (3), idaho (3), ecology (3), michael (3), area (3), risk (3), saskatchewan (3), nelson (3), but (3), today (3), known (3), likely (3), had (3), colored (3), grandmother (3), family (3), she (3), dress (3), account (3), names (3), including (3), low (3), throughout (3), such (3), where (3), lower (3), feed (3), larger (3), connectivity (3), crucial (3), high (3), tools (3), main (3), languages (2), table (2), legal (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), additional (2), terms (2), inc (2), august (2), categories (2), link (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), wayback (2), 1859 (2), provincial (2), western (2), secure (2), org (2), 274352 (2), fishbase (2), wikispecies (2), media (2), small (2), arctic (2), cutthroat (2), basin (2), flathead (2), brown (2), salmo (2), 1872 (2), generally (2), stone (2), into (2), food (2), waters (2), 1874 (2), 2014 (2), black (2), dorsal (2), judge (2), out (2), lawsuit (2), claiming (2), grazing (2), 2016 (2), glacier (2), park (2), wild (2), allendorf (2), klamath (2), biology (2), mcintyre (2), ogden (2), agriculture (2), intermountain (2), research (2), 2024 (2), june (2), 100154 (2), demographic (2), requirements (2), dunham (2), influences (2), 1051 (2), 0761 (2), christopher (2), juvenile (2), 1577 (2), american (2), fredenberg (2), wade (2), stanford (2), white (2), 537 (2), hemmingsen (2), howell (2), 2003 (2), cover (2), namaycush (2), environmental (2), david (2), 145 (2), 2005 (2), july (2), core (2), system (2), version (2), information (2), t19875a9094983 (2), references (2), given (2), anglers (2), others (2), classified (2), separate (2), not (2), place (2), trutta (2), east (2), more (2), commonly (2), uses (2), caught (2), typically (2), them (2), extirpated (2), later (2), because (2), similar (2), two (2), even (2), most (2), only (2), summer (2), just (2), there (2), naming (2), looking (2), young (2), 1870s (2), new (2), very (2), appropriate (2), while (2), included (2), his (2), recorded (2), members (2), early (2), historically (2), ranges (2), anadromous (2), within (2), special (2), both (2), british (2), prized (2), once (2), back (2), several (2), reproduction (2), need (2), migrate (2), barriers (2), sawtooth (2), range (2), 1998 (2), usfws (2), listing (2), jarbidge (2), distinct (2), grow (2), heavily (2), complex (2), aspect (2), critical (2), protecting (2), essential (2), patterns (2), individual (2), often (2), suitable (2), grounds (2), temperatures (2), moving (2), mountain (2), events (2), contribute (2), clean (2), mature (2), streams (2), miles (2), extensive (2), migrations (2), deep (2), pools (2), another (2), ocean (2), northwestern (2), migratory (2), resident (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, utc, hidden, category, webarchive, template, microformats, dmy, dates, matches, esa, described, symbols, https, index, php, bull_trout, oldid, 1368393743, israel, authority, control, databases, worms, 688321, open, tree, obis, 796389, observation, 8037, ncbi, 106067, nas, 938, 19875, 162004, itis, 10151513, irmng, 111978, inaturalist, old, 2351244, gbif, 2690, ecos, 8212, 6xg2s, col, q2429513, taxon, identifiers, whitespotted, mouthed, silver, orkney, lough, melvin, kirikuchi, haddy, coomsaharn, cole, blunt, nosed, irish, true, steelhead, rainbow, mexican, gila, apache, oncorhynchus, pacific, sonaghen, sevan, prespa, ohrid, mediterranean, marble, lacustrine, isli, gillaroo, garda, ferox, fibreno, anatolian, adriatic, atlantic, world, detailed, operations, hatching, establishment, cloud, specimens, collected, livingstone, commission, part, commissioner, 1873, inquiry, decrease, propagation, supplementary, papers, printing, office, 203, 207, ottawa, committee, assessment, parks, october, 2011, identification, education, program, mateusz, perkowski, opb, via, capital, press, throws, hurts, usgs, 2013, preservation, 58910, 42757, 30254, harvard, law, school, library, caselaw, access, project, 945, supp, 1388, friends, swan, 31647, leary, robb, fred, forbes, stephen, drainages, 865, 0888, 8892, 1046, 1523, 1739, 740856, 1993conbi, 856l, 856, statio, metapopulation, structure, physical, biotic, geometrical, landscape, characteristics, 655, 55800379, 1890, 009, 0642, msobti, 642, ecological, applications, downs, horan, dona, morgan, harris, erin, jakubowski, robert, demographics, adfluvial, trestle, creek, 200, 14334731, 0275, 5947, m04, 180, 2006najfm, 190d, 190, journal, jason, baxter, colden, fausch, kurt, kitano, satoshi, koizumi, itsuro, morita, kentaro, nakamura, tomoyuki, savvaitova, ksenia, jack, taylor, eric, yamamoto, shoichiro, 2008, evolution, 550, 0363, 2415, 1548, 8446, 2008fish, 537d, fraley, vashro, jim, weaver, thomas, 1989, 68098, cumulative, effects, human, activities, drainage, spruell, kanda, geographic, variation, microsatellite, loci, 19880632, 1566, 0621, 1023, 1021841000262, 2003cong, 17s, station, meeuwig, guy, 2010, laboratory, environment, 378, 24018113, 0378, 1909, 1007, s10641, 010, 9747, 367, philip, colvin, sankovich, paul, buchanan, alan, histories, demography, fluvial, 194, 0002, 8487, 1080, 00028487, 2015, 1105870, 2016trafs, 173h, 173, transactions, society, king, county, 2000, department, machine, chars, map, public, registry, online, facts, eds, pauly, daniel, froese, rainer, integrated, taxonomic, arlington, virginia, network, biodiversity, location, data, accessed, through, explorer, gimenez, dixon, 2305, rlts, past, run, victorian, race, biologically, along, does, deny, differ, appreciably, habits, size, indeed, england, scotland, tweed, alpinus, subspecies, island, hokkaidō, shikaribetsu, miyabei, krascheninnikova, ironically, apparently, became, 1970s, although, reports, continue, being, introduced, outcompete, interbreed, resulting, sterile, hybrids, attempt, reintroduce, unsuccessful, attempts, expected, currently, unknown, whether, believed, independent, handsomest, whole, having, perfect, form, saw, profusely, body, redish, sic, local, livingston, naturalist, working, wrote, operated, resort, present, town, lived, years, story, said, fishermen, standing, lawn, catch, calico, colorful, markings, saying, should, better, then, girl, reading, appears, character, named, vogue, fashion, women, time, middle, sheer, figured, muslin, worn, bright, petticoat, gotten, style, reminded, printed, suggested, men, down, why, call, thought, guests, returned, homes, many, san, francisco, bay, calling, books, university, starr, jordan, barnaby, rudge, charles, dickens, dunsmuir, sacramento, first, book, recounted, letter, mrs, valerie, masson, gomez, peter, moyle, inland, confusion, existed, due, overlapping, appearances, among, vedder, resting, underwater, sampling, metolius, odfw, fisherman, big, designated, concern, recommendation, 2019, maligned, fear, jurisdictions, publicize, requirement, release, slogan, put, game, used, indicator, forests, requires, amounts, negatively, impacted, road, building, logging, additionally, hindered, impassible, dams, danger, issues, raised, running, natural, desert, association, sued, violated, approving, plans, district, dismissed, complaint, mosman, malheur, scenic, center, biological, hybridization, silt, recreation, boise, federally, finding, followed, challenge, decision, 1994, assign, priority, emergency, rule, subsequently, downgraded, finally, determining, issued, belly, mary, puget, sound, segment, contiguous, sign, pend, oreille, especially, begin, upon, southernmost, eggs, fry, chironomids, zoobenthos, zooplankton, vital, restoring, ensuring, managing, steps, conserving, iconic, anthropogenic, ecosystem, health, understanding, effective, strategies, efforts, focused, biologists, various, techniques, study, studies, tracking, analyzing, makeup, researchers, gain, valuable, insights, dynamics, potential, migration, mark, recapture, analysis, radio, telemetry, occur, season, when, escape, unfavorable, conditions, oxygen, levels, cases, observed, different, basins, crossing, traversing, isolated, increasing, resilience, gene, flow, primary, reasons, find, areas, rely, gravels, specific, sizes, successful, upstream, spawn, born, behavior, ensures, remains, connected, allows, exchange, distances, vary, greatly, individuals, traveling, few, undertake, hundred, material, exhibit, healthy, stages, gradient, near, shores, start, disperse, exacting, demands, requiring, below, beds, interconnected, waterways, accommodate, thus, favor, headwaters, migrated, cut, banks, snags, gravel, clear, mountains, perhaps, exists, continental, divide, alaska, nevada, yukon, like, fins, leading, edges, head, mouth, unusually, salmonids, giving, measuring, length, weighing, either, remaining, stream, entire, lives, much, than, rarely, exceed, differentiated, absence, yellow, orange, opposed, blue, halos, lack, deeply, forked, tail, fontinalis, 103, reclassified, 1980, overall, extinction, suckley, binomial, genus, salmoniformes, order, teleostei, division, actinopterygii, class, chordata, phylum, animalia, kingdom, scientific, classification, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, what, here, general, actions, english, talk, winaray, svenska, русский, nederlands, עברית, français, euskara, español, deutsch, cebuano, català, subsection, top, personal, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, help, random, current, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
f the continental divide in alberta where it is the provincial fish the historical range of bull trout also included northern california but they are likely extirpated 2 9 bull trout have exacting habitat demands requiring water temperatures generally below 55 f 13 c clean gravel beds deep pools complex cover such as snags and cut banks and large systems of interconnected waterways to accommodate spawning migrations 9 thus they favor the deep pools of cold lakes and large rivers as well as high cold mountain headwaters bull trout may be anadromous in coastal rivers and individual bull trout have been found to have migrated from one coastal river to another by the ocean 10 dispersal edit bull trout are known for their extensive movements within river systems they exhibit short distance and long distance movements which are crucial in maintaining healthy populations and genetic diversity 11 during the early life stages bull trout are often found in small low gradient streams or near the shores of larger rivers and lakes 12 as they grow and mature they start to disperse in search of suitable spawning grounds and feeding habitats 12 one of the primary reasons for bull trout dispersal is the need to find appropriate spawning areas bull trout rely on clean cold water and gravels of specific sizes for successful reproduction 13 once mature they migrate upstream to spawn in the same streams where they were born 11 this behavior ensures that the population remains connected and allows for the exchange of genetic material 14 the dispersal distances can vary greatly with some individuals traveling only a few miles while others undertake extensive migrations of over a hundred miles 15 long distance dispersal is also an essential aspect of bull trout ecology 16 these movements often occur during the non spawning season when the fish search for suitable feeding grounds or escape unfavorable conditions such as high water temperatures or low oxygen levels 16 in some cases bull trout have been observed moving between different river basins crossing over mountain ranges and even traversing large lakes 17 these long distance dispersal events contribute to gene flow between isolated populations maintaining genetic diversity and increasing the species resilience 18 understanding bull trout dispersal patterns is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies 14 conservation efforts can be focused on protecting critical habitats and maintaining connectivity between populations 13 conservation biologists use various techniques to study bull trout dispersal including radio telemetry genetic analysis and mark recapture studies 14 by tracking the movements of individual fish and analyzing their genetic makeup researchers can gain valuable insights into dispersal patterns population dynamics and potential barriers to migration 19 bull trout dispersal is a complex and vital aspect of their life history their movements are critical to maintaining population connectivity genetic diversity and ecosystem health 20 protecting and restoring essential habitats ensuring the connectivity of river systems and managing anthropogenic influences in bull trout habitats are all crucial steps in conserving this iconic species 14 feeding edit bull trout feeding young bull trout feed on zooplankton and zoobenthos especially chironomids as they grow larger they begin to feed heavily upon other fish in coastal washington some of the southernmost populations of bull trout feed heavily on salmon eggs and fry as well as fish citation needed conservation edit bull trout sign at lake pend oreille in idaho the bull trout is listed as a threatened species under the u s endangered species act throughout its range in the contiguous united states 6 in 1998 the klamath river distinct population segment dps and columbia river dps were federally listed as threatened 21 this finding followed a legal challenge 22 to the u s fish wildlife service s usfws decision in 1994 23 to assign a lower priority to the species listing the jarbidge river dps was listed as endangered under an emergency rule in 1998 24 and was subsequently downgraded to threatened in 1999 24 finally in determining that the coastal puget sound and st mary belly river dps were threatened the usfws issued a threatened listing for all bull trout in the lower 48 states in 1999 25 in the united states bull trout are used as a management indicator species for several national forests including boise national forest and sawtooth national forest sawtooth national recreation area they can also be found in the glacier national park 26 bull trout reproduction requires cold water and very low amounts of silt both of which are negatively impacted by road building and logging additionally its need to migrate throughout river systems may be hindered by impassible fish barriers such as dams 10 bull trout populations are also in danger from hybridization with non native brook trout 9 several of these issues were raised in a long running lawsuit where in 2003 the oregon natural desert association and the center for biological diversity sued the u s forest service claiming they violated the national forest management act and wild and scenic rivers act by approving grazing plans in oregon s malheur national forest in april 2018 u s district judge michael w mosman dismissed the complaint 27 they are a prized game fish in northern canada it was once maligned out of fear they threatened populations of other native species more prized by anglers some jurisdictions publicize the requirement to release with the slogan no black put it back 28 within canada bull trout have been designated as a species of special concern by both the government of alberta and the government of british columbia 29 71 72 by the recommendation of cosewic 29 iv the saskatchewan nelson rivers population in alberta was listed as threatened under the species at risk act in 2019 7 historical names edit fisherman with a big bull trout odfw sampling bull trout on oregon s metolius river a juvenile bull trout resting underwater anadromous bull trout at the vedder river dolly varden in california edit historically confusion has existed between s confluentus and salvelinus malma malma today commonly called the dolly varden trout this was likely due to overlapping ranges and similar appearances among members of the two species citation needed the first recorded use of the name dolly varden for a fish species was applied to members of s confluentus caught in the mccloud river in northern california in the early 1870s in his book inland fishes of california peter moyle recounted a letter from mrs valerie masson gomez my grandmother s family operated a summer resort at upper soda springs on the sacramento river just north of the present town of dunsmuir california she lived there all her life and related to us in her later years her story about the naming of the dolly varden trout she said that some fishermen were standing on the lawn at upper soda springs looking at a catch of the large trout from the mccloud river that were called calico trout because of their spotted colorful markings they were saying that the trout should have a better name my grandmother then a young girl of 15 or 16 had been reading charles dickens barnaby rudge in which there appears a character named dolly varden also the vogue in fashion for women at that time middle 1870s was called dolly varden a dress of sheer figured muslin worn over a bright colored petticoat my grandmother had just gotten a new dress in that style and the red spotted trout reminded her of her printed dress she suggested to the men looking down at the trout why not call them dolly varden they thought it a very appropriate name and the guests that summer returned to their homes many in the san francisco bay area calling the trout by this new name david starr jordan while at stanford university included an account of this naming of the dolly varden trout in one of his books in 1874 livingston stone a naturalist working for the u s government wrote of this fish 30 also called at upper soda springs the varden trout the handsomest trout and on the whole having the most perfect form of all the trout we saw on the mccloud also the only fish that had colored spots this one was profusely spotted over most of the body with redish sic golden spots the local name at upper soda springs is the dolly varden it is currently unknown whether the name dolly varden was later applied to s m malma because of its similar appearance to s confluentus the two may have even been believed to be the same species the name dolly varden may have also been given to s m malma independent of the mccloud river fish citation needed ironically the original dolly varden trout i e s confluentus apparently likely became extirpated in the mccloud river in the 1970s although reports continue of its being caught other fish species typically introduced trout outcompete s confluentus and can interbreed with them resulting in sterile hybrids an attempt to reintroduce s confluentus to the mccloud was unsuccessful and no additional attempts are expected 31 other uses of dolly varden edit the dolly varden name is also applied to the other subspecies of s malma the s m krascheninnikova and s m miyabei found in lake shikaribetsu on the island of hokkaidō in japan 32 the name has also been applied to s alpinus today more commonly known as arctic char citation needed bull trout in europe edit the name bull trout was also given in the past to some of the large sea trout that run the river tweed and other rivers in scotland and north east england victorian anglers and others classified these as a separate race but today they are biologically classified along with all other uk brown and sea trout as salmo trutta this does not deny that populations of s trutta can differ appreciably in habits size and appearance from place to place or indeed in the same river or lake references edit wikimedia commons has media related to salvelinus confluentus 1 2 gimenez dixon m 1996 salvelinus confluentus iucn red list of threatened species 1996 e t19875a9094983 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 1996 rlts t19875a9094983 en retrieved 19 november 2021 1 2 natureserve 7 april 2023 salvelinus confluentus natureserve network biodiversity location data accessed through natureserve explorer arlington virginia natureserve archived from the original on 15 april 2023 retrieved 14 april 2023 salvelinus confluentus integrated taxonomic information system retrieved 24 january 2006 1 2 froese rainer pauly daniel eds salvelinus confluentus fishbase may 2009 version 1 2 3 u s fish and wildlife service bull trout facts pdf archived from the original pdf on 10 july 2012 retrieved 8 february 2009 1 2 3 4 5 bull trout salvelinus confluentus environmental conservation online system us fish and wildlife service archived from the original on 30 march 2023 retrieved 14 april 2023 1 2 bull trout salvelinus confluentus saskatchewan nelson rivers populations species at risk public registry government of canada 2 february 2021 archived from the original on 4 december 2023 retrieved 15 april 2023 map c core area by distribution pdf us fish and wildlife service 2005 archived pdf from the original on 20 july 2012 retrieved 21 may 2014 1 2 3 washington s native chars archived 24 april 2009 at the wayback machine washington department of fish and wildlife 1 2 ecology of the bull trout archived from the original on 18 august 2000 retrieved 19 april 2009 king county washington 1 2 howell philip j colvin michael e sankovich paul m buchanan david v hemmingsen alan r january 2016 life histories demography and distribution of a fluvial bull trout population transactions of the american fisheries society 145 1 173 194 bibcode 2016trafs 145 173h doi 10 1080 00028487 2015 1105870 issn 0002 8487 1 2 meeuwig michael h guy christopher s fredenberg wade a 26 november 2010 use of cover habitat by bull trout salvelinus confluentus and lake trout salvelinus namaycush in a laboratory environment environmental biology of fishes 90 4 367 378 doi 10 1007 s10641 010 9747 1 issn 0378 1909 s2cid 24018113 1 2 rieman bruce mcintyre john d 1993 demographic and habitat requirements for conservation of bull trout ogden ut u s dept of agriculture forest service intermountain research station doi 10 5962 bhl title 100154 archived from the original on 15 september 2024 retrieved 30 june 2026 1 2 3 4 spruell p hemmingsen a r howell p j kanda n allendorf f w 2003 conservation genetics of bull trout geographic distribution of variation at microsatellite loci conservation genetics 4 1 17 29 bibcode 2003cong 4 17s doi 10 1023 a 1021841000262 issn 1566 0621 s2cid 19880632 fraley john vashro jim weaver thomas m 1989 cumulative effects of human activities on bull trout salvelinus confluentus in the upper flathead drainage montana s l s n doi 10 5962 bhl title 68098 1 2 dunham jason baxter colden fausch kurt fredenberg wade kitano satoshi koizumi itsuro morita kentaro nakamura tomoyuki rieman bruce savvaitova ksenia stanford jack taylor eric yamamoto shoichiro november 2008 evolution ecology and conservation of dolly varden white spotted char and bull trout fisheries 33 11 537 550 bibcode 2008fish 33 537d doi 10 1577 1548 8446 33 11 537 issn 0363 2415 downs christopher c horan dona morgan harris erin jakubowski robert february 2006 spawning demographics and juvenile dispersal of an adfluvial bull trout population in trestle creek idaho north american journal of fisheries management 26 1 190 200 bibcode 2006najfm 26 190d doi 10 1577 m04 180 1 issn 0275 5947 s2cid 14334731 dunham j b rieman b e may 1999 metapopulation structure of bull trout influences of physical biotic and geometrical landscape characteristics ecological applications 9 2 642 655 doi 10 1890 1051 0761 1999 009 0642 msobti 2 0 co 2 issn 1051 0761 s2cid 55800379 rieman bruce mcintyre john d 1993 demographic and habitat requirements for conservation of bull trout ogden ut u s dept of agriculture forest service intermountain research statio doi 10 5962 bhl title 100154 archived from the original on 15 september 2024 retrieved 30 june 2026 leary robb f allendorf fred w forbes stephen h december 1993 conservation genetics of bull trout in the columbia and klamath river drainages conservation biology 7 4 856 865 bibcode 1993conbi 7 856l doi 10 1046 j 1523 1739 1993 740856 x issn 0888 8892 63 fr 31647 friends of the wild swan inc v united states fish wildlife service 945 f supp 1388 caselaw access project harvard law school library 13 november 1996 archived from the original on 15 april 2023 retrieved 15 april 2023 59 fr 30254 1 2 63 fr 42757 64 fr 58910 preservation of threatened bull trout in glacier national park pdf usgs archived pdf from the original on 27 march 2016 retrieved 24 september 2013 mateusz perkowski 21 april 2018 judge throws out lawsuit claiming grazing hurts oregon bull trout opb via ap c...