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bureaucratic collectivism wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 theory 2 theoretical origins 3 criticism 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents bureaucratic collectivism 9 languages español français bahasa indonesia 日本語 한국어 polski русский türkçe 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia theory of class society this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources bureaucratic collectivism news newspapers books scholar jstor january 2011 learn how and when to remove this message part of a politics series third camp concepts bureaucratic collectivism state capitalism prominent figures carter draper harrington howe jacobson matgamna namazie shachtman groups alliance for workers liberty international socialists left worker communist party of iraq new politics worker communist party of iran workers party related topics leninism marxism trotskyism communism portal socialism portal politics portal v t e bureaucratic collectivism is a theory of class society it is used by some leftists to describe the nature of the soviet union under joseph stalin and other similar states in central and eastern europe and elsewhere such as north korea citation needed theory edit a bureaucratic collectivist state owns the means of production while the surplus or profit is distributed among an elite party bureaucracy nomenklatura rather than among the working class also it is the bureaucracy not the workers or the people in general which controls the economy and the state thus the system is not truly socialist but it is not capitalist either 1 in trotskyist theory it is a new form of class society which exploits workers through new mechanisms theorists such as yvan craipeau who hold this view believe that bureaucratic collectivism does not represent progress beyond capitalism that is that it is no closer to being a workers state than a capitalist state would be and is considerably less efficient some social democrats who even believe that certain kinds of capitalism such as social democratic capitalism are more progressive than a bureaucratic collectivist society george orwell s famous novel nineteen eighty four describes a fictional society of oligarchical collectivism orwell was familiar with the works of james burnham having reviewed burnham s the managerial revolution prior to writing nineteen eighty four oligarchical collectivism was a fictionalized conceptualization of bureaucratic collectivism where big brother and the inner party form the nucleus of a hierarchical organization of society professing itself as english socialism because of its revolutionary origins but afterwards only concerned with total domination by the party the idea has also been applied to western countries outside the eastern bloc as a regime necessary to institute in order to maintain capitalism and keep it from disintegrating in the post war era 2 this different form of bureaucratic collectivism is supposed to integrate various sectors of society such as labor unions corporations and government organizations in order to keep contradictions in the economy from developing into a general meltdown this form is supposedly embodied in the welfare state which organizes workers into a government network subsumed under capitalist relations theoretical origins edit bureaucratic collectivism was first used as a term to describe a theory originating in england shortly before the first world war about a possible future social organisation after the war the russian revolution and the rise to power of joseph stalin in the soviet union hugo urbahns and lucien laurat both began to critique the nature of the soviet state in a similar manner citation needed this theory was first taken up within trotskyism by a small group in france around craipeau it was also taken up by bruno rizzi who believed that the soviet german and italian bureaucracies were progressive and celebrated the class which has the courage to make itself master of the state citation needed it was with rizzi that leon trotsky debated in the late 1930s trotsky held that the soviet union was a degenerated workers state and that if it did not undergo a new workers political revolution it could move towards a new form of society such as bureaucratic collectivism however trotsky doubted that a state of pure bureaucratic collectivism would ever be reached he believed that in the absence of a proletarian revolution to return the soviet union to socialism a comprehensive counter revolution would return the nation to capitalism instead soon after the workers party in the united states later the independent socialist league led by max shachtman split from the fourth international it adopted the theory of bureaucratic collectivism and developed it as a result it is often associated with left shachtmanism and the third camp its version had much in common with craipeau s as developed by james burnham and joseph carter but little with rizzi s criticism edit in 1948 tony cliff argued that it is difficult to make a critique of bureaucratic collectivism because authors such as shachtman never actually published a developed account of the theory he asserted that the theoretical poverty of the theory of bureaucratic collectivism is not accidental and tried to show that the theory is only negative empty abstract and therefore arbitrary cliff proposed state capitalism as an alternative theory that more accurately describes the nature of the soviet union under stalinism 3 in a 1979 monthly review essay ernest mandel argued that the hypothesis that the soviet bureaucracy is a new class does not correspond to a serious analysis of the real development and the real contradictions of soviet economy and society in the last fifty years he asserted that conflict of interest turns bureaucracy into a cancer on a society in transition between capitalism and socialism accordingly bureaucratic management is not only increasingly wasteful but it also prevents the system of a planned economy based upon socialized property from operating effectively mandel concluded that this undeniable fact is in itself incompatible with the characterization of the bureaucracy as a ruling class and with the ussr as a new exploitative mode of production whose laws of motion have never been specified 4 a related concept is a command administrative system within what sociologist michael kennedy called communist governed state socialism 5 in has socialism failed the late south african communist party leader joe slovo referred to the problems associated with a party having administrative command stating post apartheid state power must clearly vest in the elected representatives of the people and not directly or indirectly in the administrative command of a party 6 see also edit deformed workers state degenerated workers state kleptocracy new class oligarchy soviet bureaucracy state capitalism state socialism references edit ernest e haberkern and arthur lipow editors neither capitalism nor socialism humanities press atlantic highlands 1996 finger barryi summer 1997 on bureaucratic collectivism new politics 6 permanent dead link cliff tony 1948 the theory of bureaucratic collectivism a critique retrieved 2011 01 17 cite journal cite journal requires journal help mandel ernest 1979 why the soviet bureaucracy is not a new ruling class monthly review 31 3 doi 10 14452 mr 031 03 1979 07_6 retrieved 2011 01 17 kennedy m d 1991 professionals power and solidarity in poland a critical sociology of soviet type society cambridge uk new york ny cambridge university press slovo j 1990 has socialism failed london uk inkululeko publications imported publications available at https www sacp org za docs history failed html external links edit leon trotsky the ussr in war 1939 max shachtman the soviet union and the world war 1940 leon trotsky balance sheet of the finnish events 1940 tony cliff marxism and the theory of bureaucratic collectivism 1948 pierre frank under pressure of the coming war imperialism beckons third camp 1951 ernest mandel why the soviet bureaucracy is not a new ruling class 1979 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bureaucratic_collectivism oldid 1358184967 categories bureaucracy collectivism political science theories sociological theories trotskyism hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata wikipedia pages move protected due to dispute articles needing additional references from january 2011 all articles needing additional references all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from june 2007 all articles with specifically marked weasel worded phrases articles with specifically marked weasel worded phrases from may 2010 all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from july 2017 articles with permanently dead external links articles with unsourced statements from june 2008 articles with unsourced statements from july 2016 cs1 errors missing periodical this page was last edited on 7 june 2026 at 03 27 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative 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