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aster s wake 48 between 1914 and 1920 the u s national guard occupied butte six times to restore civility 48 in 1917 copper production from the butte mines peaked and steadily declined thereafter by wwii copper production from the acm s holdings in chuquicamata chile far exceeded butte s production 49 50 in 1919 women s rights activist margaret jane steele rozsa became a food inspector for butte and immediately began pressing for change to questionable practices by several county commissioners who had been keeping the community s cost of living artificially high by among other things allowing carloads of perishable foods to rot on unloaded trains at the railroad station 51 52 she also was instrumental in getting senate bill no 19 through the legislature that year to ensure that 199 tubercular soldiers who had served in world war i would be given preference of entry to the galen hospital and that the legislature would authorize 20 000 to build additional dormitories at the hospital to make that care possible since hospital admissions were already at capacity 53 in 1921 she became the first female prohibition inspector in the city 54 open pit mining era edit see also berkeley pit patrons at a matinee of the phantom foe at the american theater december 25 1920 1942 view of the city disputes between miners unions and companies continued through the 1920s and 1930s 55 with several strikes and protests one of which lasted for ten months in 1921 56 on new year s eve 1922 protestors attempted to detonate the hibernian hall on main street with dynamite 56 57 further industrial expansions included the arrival of the first mail plane in 1928 and in 1937 the city s streetcar system was dismantled and replaced by bus lines 56 after the 1920s the acm began to reduce its activities in butte due to the labor intensivity of underground mining as well as competition from other mine holdings in south america 48 this led the anaconda company to switch its focus in butte from underground mining to open pit mining 48 since the 1950s five major developments in the city have occurred the anaconda s decision to begin open pit mining in the mid 1950s 48 a series of fires in butte s business district in the 1970s 58 a debate over whether to relocate the city s historic business district a new civic leadership and the end of copper mining in 1983 in response butte looked for ways to diversify the economy and provide employment the legacy of over a century of environmental degradation has for example produced some jobs environmental cleanup in butte designated a superfund site has employed hundreds of people 59 thousands of homes were destroyed in the meaderville suburb and surrounding areas mcqueen and east butte to excavate the berkeley pit which anaconda copper opened in 1954 56 48 when it opened the berkeley pit was the largest truck operated open pit copper mine in the nation 60 it grew until it began encroaching on the columbia gardens 61 after the gardens caught fire and burned to the ground in november 1973 the continental pit was excavated on the former park site 62 in 1977 the arco atlantic richfield company purchased anaconda and three years later started shutting down mines due to lower metal prices 63 in 1983 64 all mining in the berkeley pit was suspended the same year an organization of low income and unemployed butte residents formed to fight for jobs and environmental justice the butte community union produced a detailed plan for community revitalization and won substantial benefits including a montana supreme court victory striking down as unconstitutional state elimination of welfare benefits 65 after mining ceased at the berkeley pit water pumps in nearby mines were also shut down which resulted in highly acidic water laced with toxic heavy metals filling up the pit 66 the berkeley pit in 2013 the berkeley pit in 1984 anaconda ceased mining at the continental pit in 1983 montana resources llp bought the property and reopened the continental pit in 1986 67 the company ceased mining in 2000 but resumed in 2003 68 from 1880 through 2005 the mines of the butte district produced more than 9 6 million metric tons of copper 2 1 million metric tons of zinc 1 6 million metric tons of manganese 381 000 metric tons of lead 87 000 metric tons of molybdenum 715 million troy ounces 22 200 t of silver and 2 9 million troy ounces 90 t of gold 69 montana resources christmas haul truck butte america 21st century edit see also environmental concerns fourteen headframes still remain over mine shafts in butte 70 and the city still contains thousands of historic commercial and residential buildings from the boom times 71 which especially in uptown give it an old fashioned appearance with many commercial buildings not fully occupied according to a 2016 estimate there were hundreds of unoccupied buildings in butte resulting in an ordinance to keep record of owners 72 preservation efforts of the city s historic buildings began in the late 1990s 73 as with many industrial cities tourism and services especially health care 74 butte s st james hospital has southwest montana s only major trauma center are rising as primary employers as well as industrial sector private companies 74 many areas of the city especially those near the old mines show signs of urban blight but a recent influx of investors and an aggressive campaign to remedy blight has led to a renewed interest in restoring property in uptown butte s historic district 75 which expanded in 2006 to include parts of anaconda and is one of the largest national historic landmark districts in the u s with 5 991 contributing properties 76 77 a century after the era of intensive mining and smelting environmental issues remain in areas around the city arsenic and heavy metals such as lead are found in high concentrations in some spots affected by old mining and for a period of time in the 1990s the tap water was unsafe to drink due to poor filtration and decades old wooden supply pipes efforts to improve the water supply have taken place in the early 2000s with millions of dollars invested to upgrade water lines and repair infrastructure environmental research and cleanup efforts have contributed to the diversification of the local economy and signs of vitality including the introduction of a multimillion dollar polysilicon manufacturing plant nearby in the 1990s 78 in the late 1990s butte was recognized as an all america city and as one of the national trust for historic preservation s dozen distinctive destinations in 2002 79 geography edit according to the united states census bureau butte silver bow has an area of 716 82 sq mi 1 856 55 km 2 of which 716 25 mi 2 1 855 07 km 2 is land and 0 57 sq mi 1 48 km 2 0 08 is water 80 the city is on the u s continental divide 6 every highway exiting butte except westbound i 90 crosses the divide eastbound i 90 via homestake pass eastbound mt 2 via pipestone pass northbound i 15 via elk park pass and southbound i 15 via deer lodge pass a the city was named for a nearby landform big butte by the early miners 82 83 butte s urban landscape is notable for including mining operations set within residential areas visible in the form of various headframes throughout the city 84 places adjacent to butte montana deer lodge helena anaconda butte bozeman dillon cityscapes edit view of butte from big butte 1908 view from west side as seen from the montana tech campus 2012 view from uptown butte facing south on idaho street 2017 neighborhoods edit the concentration of wealth in butte due to its mining history resulted in unique and ornate architectural features 85 among its homes and buildings particularly in the uptown section 86 uptown named for its steep streets 87 is on a hillside on the northwestern edge of the town and characterized by its abundance of lavish victorian homes and queen anne style cottages built in the late 19th century 86 several of butte s painted ladies homes were featured in elizabeth pomada s 1987 book daughters of painted ladies 86 88 butte silver bow county has an established urban revitalization agency that works to improve building façades to enhance and promote the architectural resources of historic uptown butte 86 in 2017 a television pilot titled butteification aired on hgtv which focused on a couple restoring a victorian home in butte 89 butte s south district at a lower elevation than the hillside that comprises northern butte has historically been home to working class neighborhoods 90 gold mines originally populated south butte before it was platted for the union pacific railroad in 1881 90 the expansion of the anaconda company in the 1960s and 1970s eradicated some of butte s historic neighborhoods including the east side dublin gulch meaderville and chinatown 91 the st mary s section which borders uptown to the east comprised the dublin gulch an enclave for irish immigrants and corktown neighborhoods 92 it takes its name from the eponymous roman catholic parish within it 93 historically known as the miner s church scheduling masses around miners shifting schedules 92 historically the st mary s section of butte had a prominent population of slavic and finnish immigrants in addition to irish before the mid 20th century 92 climate edit butte has a cold semi arid climate bsk under the köppen climate classification winters are long and cold january averaging 20 0 f 6 7 c with 30 9 nights falling below 0 f 18 c and 53 8 days failing to top freezing 94 summers are short with very warm days and chilly nights july averages 63 6 f 17 6 c like most areas in this part of north america annual precipitation is low and largely concentrated in the spring the wettest month since precipitation records began in 1894 was june 1913 with 8 86 inches 225 mm while no precipitation fell in september 1904 95 the wettest calendar year was 1909 with 20 55 inches 522 mm and the driest was 2021 with 6 49 inches 165 mm snowfall is somewhat limited by dryness the most in one month being 41 5 inches 1 050 mm in may 1927 and the greatest depth on the ground 27 inches 690 mm on december 28 and 29 1996 96 the coldest month was january 1937 with a daily mean temperature of 5 5 f 20 8 c while the coldest complete winter was 1948 49 with a three month mean of 6 69 f 14 06 c and the mildest 1925 26 which averaged 29 21 f 1 55 c july 2007 was easily the hottest month with a mean maximum of 88 8 f 31 6 c although the hottest day reaching 100 f 38 c was july 22 1931 the coldest temperature recorded was 52 f 47 c on february 9 1933 and december 23 1983 96 climate data for butte montana bert mooney airport 1991 2020 normals extremes 1894 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 58 14 61 16 69 21 83 28 90 32 97 36 100 38 99 37 96 36 85 29 70 21 66 19 100 38 mean maximum f c 48 0 8 9 50 1 10 1 60 1 15 6 70 2 21 2 78 9 26 1 86 9 30 5 92 2 33 4 91 3 32 9 86 1 30 1 74 8 23 8 59 2 15 1 47 5 8 6 93 1 33 9 mean daily maximum f c 32 1 0 1 34 6 1 4 43 7 6 5 51 1 10 6 61 0 16 1 70 0 21 1 81 3 27 4 79 8 26 6 69 1 20 6 54 3 12 4 40 2 4 6 30 7 0 7 54 0 12 2 daily mean f c 20 0 6 7 22 2 5 4 31 6 0 2 38 7 3 7 47 6 8 7 55 5 13 1 63 6 17 6 61 8 16 6 52 8 11 6 40 6 4 8 27 8 2 3 19 0 7 2 40 1 4 5 mean daily minimum f c 7 9 13 4 9 8 12 3 19 4 7 0 26 4 3 1 34 3 1 3 41 1 5 1 45 9 7 7 43 9 6 6 36 5 2 5 26 8 2 9 15 5 9 2 7 2 13 8 26 2 3 2 mean minimum f c 19 6 28 7 15 7 26 5 1 3 18 5 12 4 10 9 21 5 5 8 29 7 1 3 36 3 2 4 33 8 1 0 24 1 4 4 8 0 13 3 8 9 22 7 18 2 27 9 27 7 33 2 record low f c 48 44 52 47 36 38 16 27 9 13 22 6 28 2 23 5 3 16 23 31 42 41 52 47 52 47 average precipitation inches mm 0 42 11 0 43 11 0 64 16 1 33 34 2 02 51 2 45 62 1 20 30 1 28 33 1 07 27 0 84 21 0 60 15 0 48 12 12 76 323 average snowfall inches cm 8 5 22 7 4 19 10 1 26 6 9 18 3 7 9 4 0 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 1 1 2 8 3 7 9 4 6 6 17 8 3 21 56 9 146 15 average precipitation days 0 01 in 6 8 7 4 8 8 11 2 13 0 13 7 8 7 7 7 6 9 8 2 7 8 7 2 107 4 average snowy days 0 1 in 8 0 7 5 9 1 6 0 2 7 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 8 2 8 6 7 7 8 51 9 source 1 noaa 94 source 2 national weather service average snowfall snow days 1894 2001 96 demographics edit historical population census pop note 1870 241 1880 3 363 1 295 4 1890 10 723 218 9 1900 30 470 184 2 1910 39 165 28 5 1920 41 611 6 2 1930 39 532 5 0 1940 37 081 6 2 1950 33 251 10 3 1960 27 877 16 2 1970 23 368 16 2 1980 37 205 59 2 1990 33 336 10 4 2000 33 892 1 7 2010 33 525 1 1 2020 34 494 2 9 source 97 u s decennial census 98 80 as of the 2020 census there were 34 494 people and 14 605 households residing in butte silver bow 80 giving a population density of 48 2 people per square mile 18 6 people km 2 per the us census 2019 american community survey the racial makeup of the city was 94 3 white 0 6 african american 2 3 native american 0 8 asian 0 0 pacific islander and 1 9 from two or more races 80 hispanic or latino people of any race accounted for 4 6 of the population 80 of ethnic groups in butte the irish make up a significant portion with over one quarter of the city s population claiming irish descent exceeding the percentage of irish americans in boston 99 per capita butte has the highest percentage of irish americans of any city in the united states 99 per the 2019 american community survey the average household size was 2 24 persons 6 0 of the population is under the age of 5 20 1 under the age of 18 and 18 7 are 65 years of age or older 49 3 of residents were female 80 from 2015 to 2019 the median income for a household in the city was 45 797 and 17 3 of families were below the poverty line 80 some sources say that butte had a peak population of nearly 100 000 around 1920 but no documentation corroborates this 21 though it has been reasoned by local journalists based on city directory data b the city s population sank to a minimum around 1990 and has stabilized since then the apparent jump in the 1980 census was due to the city s consolidation with all of silver bow county except walkerville economy edit as a mining boom town butte s economy was historically powered by its copious mining operations silver and gold were initially the primary metals mined in butte but the abundance of copper in the area further invigorated the local economy with the advent of electricity which created a soaring demand for the metal 7 after world war i butte s mining economy experienced a downward trend that continued throughout the 20th century until mining operations ceased in 1985 with the closure of the berkeley pit 7 over the course of its history the city s mining operations generated over 48 billion worth of ore making it for a time the richest city in the world 102 richest hill on earth butte america much of the city s economy since 2000 has been focused in energy companies such as the renewable energy corporation and northwestern energy and healthcare 74 in 2014 northwestern energy constructed a 25 million facility in uptown 103 arts and culture edit butte...