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turelle on the basis of a specimen collected near rio de janeiro 3 4 it was later placed in the genus calyptura whose name comes from the ancient greek words καλύπτω to cover and ούρά tail a reference to the kinglet calyptura s very short tail which hardly projects beyond the species tail coverts 5 the specific name cristata comes from the latin word cristatus crested 6 its english name references its resemblance to the kinglets of family regulidae 7 the kinglet calyptura had traditionally been placed in the family cotingidae and was sometimes called the kinglet cotinga 8 within that family it was believed to be closely related to species that were later removed from the family some taxonomic systems for a time classified it as incertae sedis 9 a study published in 2012 showed that the species belonged instead in family tyrannidae in the same subfamily platyrinchinae as the genera neopipo and platyrinchus 10 between 2012 and 2016 taxonomic systems made that change 9 11 12 the kinglet calyptura is monotypic 2 history edit the kinglet calyptura was long known only from specimens collected in the nineteenth century at least 55 are in museums it was thought to be extinct but was rediscovered in october 1996 however despite intensive searches as of 2020 it had not been reliably recorded since 7 13 pardalotus cristatus illustrated by georges cuvier description edit the kinglet calyptura is 7 5 to 8 cm 3 0 to 3 1 in long the sexes have almost the same plumage adult males have a large orange red patch on the crown that is bordered in black on an otherwise bright olive head females have a smaller patch both sexes upperparts are mostly bright olive with a yellow rump their wings are dusky with white tips on the coverts and tertials the former show as two strong wing bars their tail is dusky and very short their underparts are mostly yellow with an olive wash on the breast their bill is conical with an arched culmen though they have not been formally described the bill and legs appear to be dark 7 14 distribution and habitat edit the well documented nineteenth century specimens of the kinglet calyptura were collected in rio de janeiro state in southeastern brazil one specimen is labeled as originating in são paulo but its provenance is in doubt there are also unconfirmed nineteenth century sight records from that state the modern sightings in october 2016 were at the edge of serra dos órgãos national park north of the city of rio de janeiro in the state of that name the species inhabits the atlantic forest biome where it was thought to be somewhat common in humid primary forest up to an elevation of about 900 m 3 000 ft in the nineteenth century the 2016 sightings were in secondary forest at an elevation of about 550 m 1 800 ft 1 7 10 14 13 behavior edit movement edit the kinglet calyptura is believed to make seasonal elevational movements 1 feeding edit the kinglet calyptura is normally found in pairs it forages by climbing in all directions on lianas eating insects or small berries depending on the season it has a preference for fruits from the marianeira which is the brazilian name for two different species of shrub in the family solanaceae acnistus cauliflorus and aureliana lucida the species has also been observed exploring the rosettes of bromeliad leaves in which dew collects 15 1 breeding edit nothing is known about the kinglet calyptura s breeding biology 7 vocalizations edit as of early 2025 neither xeno canto nor the cornell lab of ornithology s macaulay library have any recordings of the kinglet calyptura 7 16 its call has been described as brief hoarse and disagreeable as well as surprisingly loud for a bird of its size 15 status edit the iucn originally in 1988 assessed the kinglet calyptura as threatened but since 1994 as critically endangered it is known only from the very restricted range of about 3 km 2 1 sq mi in rio de janeiro state and its estimated population of between one and 50 individuals is believed to be decreasing deforestation appears to have brought this species to the brink of extinction historically driven by gold and diamond mining and the creation of coffee plantations in areas where the species was initially collected if it is an altitudinal migrant the lack of remaining forest below 1 000 m is likely to be a particular threat development within forest around the edges of the serra dos órgãos national park particularly at the site of the 1996 rediscovery is concerning the harvesting of bromeliads mistletoes and orchids from the forest of the region may further threaten the species by reducing food supply but also by altering habitat structure and microclimate climate change could also have an impact on the species particularly through habitat shifting 1 deforestation in brazil has led to the displacement of as many as 93 of atlantic forest bird species 17 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 birdlife international 2018 kinglet calyptura calyptura cristata iucn red list of threatened species 2018 e t22700827a127207638 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2018 2 rlts t22700827a127207638 en retrieved 18 march 2025 1 2 gill frank donsker david rasmussen pamela eds march 2025 tyrant flycatchers ioc world bird list v 15 1 retrieved march 3 2025 une société de naturalistes et d agriculteurs 1818 nouveau dictionnaire d histoire naturelle appliquée aux arts à l agriculture à l économie rurale et domestique à la médecine etc in french vol xxiv chez deterville pp 528 529 snow 1982 p 187 snow 1982 p 191 snow 1982 p 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 snow d e de juana and c j sharpe 2020 kinglet calyptura calyptura cristata version 1 0 in birds of the world j del hoyo a elliott j sargatal d a christie and e de juana editors cornell lab of ornithology ithaca ny usa https doi org 10 2173 bow kincal1 01 retrieved march 18 2025 snow david w 2004 family cotingidae cotingas in del hoyo josep elliott andrew christie david eds handbook of the birds of the world vol 9 cotingas to pipits and wagtails barcelona lynx editions p 97 1 2 gill frank donsker david eds october 15 2012 taxonomy 3 1 3 5 ioc world bird list v 3 2 retrieved march 18 2025 1 2 ohlson j i irestedt m fjeldså j ericson p g p fuchs j 2012 nuclear dna from a 180 year old study skin reveals the phylogenetic position of the kinglet calyptura calyptura cristata passeriformes tyrannides pdf ibis 154 3 533 541 doi 10 1111 j 1474 919x 2012 01243 x archived from the original pdf on 2017 08 08 retrieved 2018 01 12 birdlife international 2016 handbook of the birds of the world and birdlife international digital checklist of the birds of the world old version 9 available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file species taxonomy birdlife_checklist_version_90 zip xls zipped 1 mb claramunt santiago october 2016 proposal 727 to south american classification committee transfer calyptura from incertae sedis to the tyrannidae south american classification committee of the american ornithological society retrieved march 18 2025 the proposal was accepted in november 2016 1 2 pacheco j f and da fonseca p s m 2001 the remarkable rediscovery of the kinglet calyptura calyptura cristata cotinga 16 48 51 1 2 van perlo ber 2009 a field guide to the birds of brazil new york oxford university press pp 276 277 isbn 978 0 19 530155 7 1 2 snow 1982 p 40 kinglet calyptura calyptura cristata xeno canto 2025 retrieved march 18 2025 loiselle b a graham c h goerck j m and ribeirto m c 2010 assessing the impact of deforestation and climate change on the range size and environmental niche of bird species in the atlantic forests brazil journal of biogeography 37 1288 1301 doi 10 1111 j 1256 2699 2010 02285 x cited text edit snow david 1982 the cotingas bellbirds umbrellabirds and other species ithaca ny cornell university press isbn 0 8014 1490 3 external links edit birdlife species factsheet v t e genera of passerines and their extinct allies kingdom animalia phylum chordata class aves clade psittacopasseres order passeriformes passeriformes incertae sedis corvitalusoides jamna winnicavis yunnanus acanthisitti acanthisittidae acanthisitta dendroscansor kuiornis pachyplichas traversia xenicus eupasseres tyranni crosnoornis jamninkaornis wieslochia eurylaimides calyptomenidae calyptomena smithornis eurylaimidae corydon cymbirhynchus eurylaimus psarisomus pseudocalyptomena sarcophanops serilophus philepittidae neodrepanis philepitta pittidae erythropitta hydrornis pitta sapayoidae sapayoa tyrannides see below passeri see below tyrannides conopophagidae cephalopterus conopophaga pittasoma cotingidae ampelioides ampelion carpodectes carpornis conioptilon cotinga doliornis gymnoderus haematoderus lipaugus querula perissocephalus phibalura phoenicircus phytotoma pipreola porphyrolaema procnias pyroderus rupicola snowornis xipholena zaratornis formicariidae chamaeza formicarius furnariidae berlepschia pseudoseisuropsis sclerurinae geositta sclerurus dendrocolaptinae dendrocolaptini campylorhamphus dendrexetastes dendrocolaptes dendroplex drymornis drymotoxeres glyphorynchus hylexetastes lepidocolaptes nasica xiphocolaptes xiphorhynchus sittasomini certhiasomus dendrocincla deconychura sittasomus furnariinae xenops pygarrhichini microxenops ochetorhynchus pygarrhichas furnariini cinclodes furnarius geocerthia limnornis lochmias phleocryptes premnornis pseudocolaptes tarphonomus upucerthia philydorini anabacerthia anabazenops ancistrops automolus cichlocolaptes clibanornis dendroma heliobletus megaxenops philydor syndactyla thripadectes synallaxini acrobatornis anumbius aphrastura asthenes certhiaxis coryphistera cranioleuca hellmayrea leptasthenura limnoctites margarornis mazaria metopothrix phacellodomus premnoplex pseudasthenes pseudoseisura roraimia schoeniophylax siptornis spartonoica sylviorthorhynchus synallaxis thripophaga xenerpestes grallariidae cryptopezus grallaria grallaricula hylopezus myrmothera melanopareiidae melanopareia pipridae ceratopipra chiroxiphia chloropipo corapipo cryptopipo heterocercus ilicura lepidothrix machaeropterus manacus masius neopelma pipra pseudopipra tyranneutes xenopipo rhinocryptidae acropternis eleoscytalopus eugralla liosceles merulaxis myornis psilorhamphus pteroptochos rhinocrypta scelorchilus scytalopus teledromas thamnophilidae euchrepomidinae euchrepomis myrmornithinae myrmornis pygiptila thamnistes thamnophilinae formicivorini formicivora myrmochanes myrmotherula terenura microrhopiini ammonastes aprositornis clytoctantes epinecrophylla microrhopias myrmophylax myrmorchilus neoctantes pithyini cercomacra cercomacroides drymophila gymnopithys hypocnemis oneillornis phaenostictus phlegopsis pithys rhegmatorhina sciaphylax willisornis pyriglenini akletos ampelornis gymnocichla hafferia hylophylax hypocnemoides myrmeciza myrmelastes myrmoborus myrmoderus percnostola poliocrania pyriglena rhopornis sclateria sipia thamnophilini batara biatas cymbilaimus dichrozona dysithamnus frederickena herpsilochmus hypoedaleus isleria mackenziaena megastictus radinopsyche rhopias sakesphoroides sakesphorus taraba thamnomanes thamnophilus xenornis tityridae iodopleura laniisoma laniocera myiobius onychorhynchus oxyruncus pachyramphus schiffornis terenotriccus tityra xenopsaris tyrannidae agriornis alectrurus anairetes aphanotriccus arundinicola atalotriccus attila calyptura camptostoma capsiempis casiornis cnemarchus cnemotriccus cnipodectes colonia colorhamphus conopias contopus corythopis culicivora elaenia empidonax empidonomus euscarthmus fluvicola griseotyrannus gubernetes guyramemua hemitriccus heteroxolmis hirundinea hymenops inezia knipolegus lathrotriccus legatus lessonia leptopogon lophotriccus machetornis mecocerculus megarynchus mionectes mitrephanes muscigralla muscipipra muscisaxicola myiarchus myiodynastes myiopagis myiophobus myiornis myiotheretes myiotriccus myiozetetes nengetus neopipo neoxolmis nephelomyias nesotriccus ochthoeca ochthornis oncostoma ornithion phelpsia philohydor phyllomyias phylloscartes piprites pitangus platyrinchus poecilotriccus pogonotriccus polystictus pseudelaenia pseudocolopteryx pseudotriccus pyrocephalus pyrope pyrrhomyias ramphotrigon rhynchocyclus rhytipterna satrapa sayornis serpophaga silvicultrix sirystes stigmatura sublegatus suiriri syrtidicola tachuris taeniotriccus todirostrum tolmomyias tumbezia tyrannopsis tyrannulus tyrannus uromyias xenotriccus xolmis zimmerius passeri resoviaornis acanthizidae acanthiza acanthornis aethomyias aphelocephala calamanthus gerygone hylacola neosericornis oreoscopus origma pachycare pycnoptilus pyrrholaemus sericornis smicrornis atrichornithidae atrichornis callaeidae callaeas heteralocha philesturnus climacteridae climacteris cormobates cnemophilidae cnemophilus loboparadisea dasyornithidae dasyornis maluridae amytornithinae amytornis malurinae malurini chenorhamphus clytomyias malurus sipodotus stipiturini stipiturus melanocharitidae melanocharis oedistoma rhamphocharis toxorhamphus meliphagidae acanthagenys acanthorhynchus anthochaera anthornis ashbyia bolemoreus caligavis certhionyx cissomela conopophila entomyzon epthianura foulehaio gavicalis gliciphila glycichaera glycifohia grantiella guadalcanaria gymnomyza lichenostomus lichmera macgregoria manorina meliarchus melidectes melilestes melionyx meliphacator meliphaga melipotes melithreptus melitograis microptilotis myza myzomela nesoptilotis oreornis plectorhyncha philemon phylidonyris ptiloprora ptilotula prosthemadera purnella pycnopygius ramsayornis stomiopera stresemannia sugomel territornis timeliopsis trichodere vosea xanthotis menuridae menura notiomystidae notiomystis orthonychidae orthonyx palaeoscinidae palaeoscinis pardalotidae pardalotus pomatostomidae garritornis pomatostomus ptilonorhynchidae ailuroedus amblyornis archboldia chlamydera prionodura ptilonorhynchus scenopoeetes sericuloides sericulus corvides see corvides passerida see passerida taxon identifiers calyptura cristata wikidata q74625 wikispecies calyptura cristata avibase 9ad71df98a8d49e4 birdlife 22700827 bow kincal1 col q7xv ebird kincal1 eol 45513149 gbif old 5959198 inaturalist 8944 irmng 11091553 itis 559000 iucn 22700827 ncbi 1178543 neotropical kincal1 observation org 74177 open tree of life 279307 xeno canto calyptura cristata retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title kinglet_calyptura oldid 1314928860 categories iucn red list critically endangered species tyrannidae birds of the atlantic forest endemic birds of brazil birds described in 1818 taxa named by louis pierre vieillot hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use american english from march 2025 all wikipedia articles written in american english articles with species microformats cs1 vancouver names with accept markup cs1 french language sources fr cs1 long volume value taxonomy articles created by polbot this page was last edited on 3 october 2025 at 23 43 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available 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