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carbon 13 wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 detection by mass spectrometry 2 uses in science 3 production 4 see also 5 notes toggle the table of contents carbon 13 23 languages afrikaans العربية asturianu català čeština español فارسی français עברית हिन्दी bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu nederlands português română русский türkçe українська 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia less abundant 1 stable isotope of carbon 13c redirects here for the chilean tv channel see 13c tv channel carbon 13 general symbol 13 c names carbon 13 protons z 6 neutrons n 7 nuclide data natural abundance 1 07 1 isotope mass 13 003354835 2 da spin 1 2 isotopes of carbon complete table of nuclides carbon 13 13 c is a natural stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons six electrons and seven neutrons it constitutes about 1 07 of natural carbon and is one of the so called environmental isotopes detection by mass spectrometry edit a mass spectrum of an organic compound will usually contain a small peak of one mass unit greater than the apparent molecular ion peak m of the whole molecule this is known as the m 1 peak and comes from the few molecules that contain a 13 c atom in place of a 12 c a molecule containing one carbon atom will be expected to have an m 1 peak of approximately 1 1 of the size of the m peak as 1 1 of the molecules will have a 13 c rather than a 12 c similarly a molecule containing two carbon atoms will be expected to have an m 1 peak of approximately 2 2 of the size of the m peak as there is double the previous likelihood that any molecule will contain a 13 c atom in the above the mathematics and chemistry have been simplified however it can be used effectively to give the number of carbon atoms for small to medium sized organic molecules in the following formula the result should be rounded to the nearest integer c 100 y 1 1 x displaystyle c frac 100y 1 1x where c number of c atoms x amplitude of the m ion peak and y amplitude of the m 1 ion peak 13 c enriched compounds are used in the research of metabolic processes by means of mass spectrometry such compounds are safe because they are non radioactive in addition 13 c is used to quantify proteins quantitative proteomics one important application is in stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture silac 13 c enriched compounds are used in medical diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test analysis in these tests is usually of the ratio of 13 c to 12 c by isotope ratio mass spectrometry the ratio of 13 c to 12 c is slightly higher in plants employing c4 carbon fixation than in plants employing c3 carbon fixation because the different isotope ratios for the two kinds of plants propagate through the food chain it is possible to determine whether the principal diet of a human or other animal consists primarily of c3 plants or c4 plants by measuring the isotopic signature of their collagen and other tissues uses in science edit main article δ 13 c compilation of carbon 13 levels from world wide excavations due to differential uptake in plants as well as marine carbonates of 13 c it is possible to use these isotopic signatures in earth science biological processes preferentially take up the lower mass isotope through kinetic fractionation in aqueous geochemistry by analyzing the δ 13 c value of carbonaceous material found in surface and ground waters the source of the water can be identified this is because atmospheric carbonate and plant derived δ 13 c values all differ in biology the ratio of carbon 13 and carbon 12 isotopes in plant tissues is different depending on the type of plant photosynthesis and this can be used for example to determine which types of plants were consumed by animals greater carbon 13 concentrations indicate stomatal limitations which can provide information on plant behaviour during drought 3 tree ring analysis of carbon isotopes can be used to retrospectively understand forest photosynthesis and how it is impacted by drought 4 in geology the 13 c 12 c ratio is used to identify the layer in sedimentary rock created at the time of the permian extinction 252 mya when the ratio changed abruptly by 1 more information about usage of 13 c 12 c ratio in science can be found in the article about isotopic signatures carbon 13 has a non zero spin quantum number of 1 2 and hence allows the structure of carbon containing substances to be investigated using carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance the carbon 13 urea breath test is a safe and highly accurate diagnostic tool to detect the presence of helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach 5 the urea breath test utilizing carbon 13 is preferred to carbon 14 for certain vulnerable populations due to its non radioactive nature 5 production edit bulk carbon 13 for commercial use e g in chemical synthesis is enriched from its natural 1 1 abundance carbon 13 can be separated from the major carbon 12 isotope via techniques such as thermal diffusion chemical exchange gas diffusion laser cryogenic distillation or chemical exchange of co 2 6 however only cryogenic distillation of methane boiling point 161 5 c or carbon monoxide b p 191 5 c is economically feasible for industrial production as of 2010 7 industrial carbon 13 production plants represent a substantial investment greater than 100 meter tall 330 ft cryogenic distillation columns are needed to separate the carbon 12 or carbon 13 containing compounds the largest reported commercial carbon 13 production plant in the world as of 2014 8 has an annual production capability of 400 kg of carbon 13 9 in contrast a 1969 carbon monoxide cryogenic distillation pilot plant at los alamos scientific laboratories could produce 4 kg of carbon 13 annually 10 see also edit carbon 12 isotopes of carbon isotope fractionation notes edit standard atomic weights carbon ciaaw 2011 wang meng huang w j kondev f g audi g naimi s 2021 the ame 2020 atomic mass evaluation ii tables graphs and references chinese physics c 45 3 030003 doi 10 1088 1674 1137 abddaf francey r j farquhar g d may 1982 an explanation of 13 c 12 c variations in tree rings nature 297 5861 28 31 bibcode 1982natur 297 28f doi 10 1038 297028a0 issn 1476 4687 s2cid 4327733 mcdowell nate g adams henry d bailey john d hess marcey kolb thomas e 2006 homeostatic maintenance of ponderosa pine gas exchange in response to stand density changes ecological applications 16 3 1164 1182 doi 10 1890 1051 0761 2006 016 1164 hmoppg 2 0 co 2 issn 1939 5582 pmid 16827010 1 2 manaf mohd rizal abdul hassan mohd rohaizat shah shamsul azhar johani fadzrul hafiz rahim muhammad aklil abd 2019 07 24 13c urea breath test accuracy for helicobacter pylori infection in the asian population a meta analysis annals of global health 85 1 110 doi 10 5334 aogh 2570 issn 2214 9996 pmc 6659579 pmid 31348624 kenji takeshita and masaru ishidaa december 2006 optimum design of multi stage isotope separation process by exergy analysis energy 31 15 3097 3107 doi 10 1016 j energy 2006 04 002 li hu lin ju yong lin li liang jun xu da gang 2010 separation of isotope 13c using high performance structured packing chemical engineering and processing process intensification 49 3 elsevier bv 255 261 doi 10 1016 j cep 2010 02 001 issn 0255 2701 corporate overview cambridge isotope laboratories retrieved 2020 11 10 cambridge isotope laboratories history retrieved 2020 11 10 armstrong dale e briesmesiter arthur c mcinteer b b potter robert m april 10 1970 a carbon 13 production plant using carbon monoxide distillation pdf lasl report la 4391 lighter carbon 12 carbon 13 is an isotope of carbon heavier carbon 14 decay product of boron 13 nitrogen 13 decay chain of carbon 13 decays to stable retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title carbon 13 oldid 1377692560 categories isotopes of carbon carbon 13 medical isotopes environmental isotopes hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata isotope content page cs1 long volume value this page was last edited on 30 september 2026 at 16 36 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to 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