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carbon hydrogen bond wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 bond length 2 reactions 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents carbon hydrogen bond 18 languages العربية català čeština deutsch ελληνικά español euskara فارسی français bahasa indonesia 日本語 한국어 nederlands română simple english српски srpski தமிழ் 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia covalent chemical bond between hydrogen and carbon atoms in chemistry the carbon hydrogen bond c h bond is a chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds 1 this bond is a covalent single bond meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens this completes both of their outer shells making them stable 2 carbon hydrogen bonds have a bond length of about 1 09 å 1 09 10 10 m and a bond energy of about 413 kj mol see table below using pauling s scale c 2 55 and h 2 2 the electronegativity difference between these two atoms is 0 35 because of this small difference in electronegativities the c h bond is generally regarded as being non polar in structural formulas of molecules the hydrogen atoms are often omitted compound classes consisting solely of c h bonds and c c bonds are alkanes alkenes alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons collectively they are known as hydrocarbons in october 2016 astronomers reported that the very basic chemical ingredients of life the carbon hydrogen molecule ch or methylidyne radical the carbon hydrogen positive ion ch and the carbon ion c are created in large part using energy from the ultraviolet light of nearby stars rather than in other ways such as turbulent events related to supernovae and young stars as thought earlier 3 bond length edit the length of the carbon hydrogen bond varies slightly with the hybridisation of the carbon atom a bond between a hydrogen atom and an sp 2 hybridised carbon atom is about 0 6 shorter than between hydrogen and sp 3 hybridised carbon a bond between hydrogen and sp hybridised carbon is shorter still about 3 shorter than sp 3 c h this trend is illustrated by the molecular geometry of ethane ethylene and acetylene 4 comparison of bond lengths in simple hydrocarbons 5 molecule methane ethane ethylene acetylene formula ch 4 c 2 h 6 c 2 h 4 c 2 h 2 class alkane alkane alkene alkyne structure hybridisation of carbon sp 3 sp 3 sp 2 sp c h bond length 1 087 å 1 094 å 1 087 å 1 060 å proportion of ethane c h bond length 99 100 99 97 structure determination method microwave spectroscopy microwave spectroscopy microwave spectroscopy infrared spectroscopy reactions edit main article carbon hydrogen bond activation the c h bond in general is very strong so it is relatively unreactive in several compound classes collectively called carbon acids the c h bond can be sufficiently acidic for proton removal unactivated c h bonds are found in alkanes and are not adjacent to a heteroatom o n si etc such bonds usually only participate in radical substitution many enzymes are known however to effect these reactions 6 although the c h bond is one of the strongest it varies over 30 in magnitude for fairly stable organic compounds even in the absence of heteroatoms 7 8 bond hydrocarbon radical molar bond dissociation energy kcal molar bond dissociation energy kj ch 3 h methyl 104 440 c 2 h 5 h ethyl 98 410 ch 3 2 hc h isopropyl 95 400 ch 3 3 c h tert butyl 93 390 ch 2 ch h vinyl 112 470 hc c h ethynyl 133 560 c 6 h 5 h phenyl 110 460 ch 2 chch 2 h allyl 88 370 c 6 h 5 ch 2 h benzyl 85 360 oc 4 h 7 h tetrahydrofuranyl 92 380 ch 3 c o ch 2 h acetonyl 96 400 see also edit carbon carbon bond carbon nitrogen bond carbon oxygen bond carbon fluorine bond references edit march jerry 1985 advanced organic chemistry reactions mechanisms and structure 3rd ed new york wiley isbn 9780471854722 oclc 642506595 life sciences cyberbridge covalent bonds archived from the original on 2015 09 18 retrieved 2015 09 15 landau elizabeth 12 october 2016 building blocks of life s building blocks come from starlight nasa retrieved 13 october 2016 vermeeren pascal van zeist willem jan hamlin trevor a fonseca guerra célia bickelhaupt f matthias 2021 not carbon s p hybridization but coordination number determines c h and c c bond length chemistry a european journal 27 27 7074 7079 doi 10 1002 chem 202004653 pmc 8248318 crc handbook of chemistry and physics 88th edition bollinger j m jr broderick j b frontiers in enzymatic c h bond activation current opinion in chemical biology 2009 vol 13 page 51 7 doi 10 1016 j cbpa 2009 03 018 bond energies organic chemistry michigan state university archived from the original on 29 august 2016 yu ran luo and jin pei cheng bond dissociation energies in crc handbook of chemistry and physics 96th edition v t e compounds of carbon with other elements in the periodic table ch che cli cbe cb cc cn co cf cne cna cmg cal csi cp cs ccl car ck cca csc cti cv ccr cmn cfe cco cni ccu czn cga cge cas cse cbr ckr crb csr cy czr cnb cmo ctc cru crh cpd cag ccd cin csn csb cte ci cxe ccs cba clu chf cta cw cre cos cir cpt cau chg ctl cpb cbi cpo cat rn fr cra lr rf db csg bh hs mt ds rg cn nh fl mc lv ts og cla cce cpr cnd cpm csm ceu cgd ctb cdy cho cer ctm cyb cac cth cpa cu cnp cpu cam ccm cbk ccf ces fm md no legend chemical bonds to carbon core organic chemistry many uses in chemistry academic research no widespread use bond unknown retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title carbon hydrogen_bond oldid 1373529480 categories organic chemistry chemical bonding hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 6 september 2026 at 13 54 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents carbon hydrogen bond 18 languages add topic