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as specifics to its own spirituality its way of approaching god in prayer to foster its way of living out the gospel catholic devotional piety edit main article catholic devotions further information devotional literature catholic piety takes its inspiration from the life and teaching of jesus christ most fundamentally jesus prayed to god the father in the holy spirit and recommended that christians do the same in the gospels his prayer starts with father and the prayer he taught his disciples begins with the words our father from this the catholic church has developed a piety that for the most part mirrors jesus s attitude the prayers of the mass the public prayer of the church are characteristically addressed to god the father the catholic bishops declared in 1963 devotions should be so drawn up that they harmonize with the liturgical seasons accord with the sacred liturgy are in some fashion derived from it and lead the people to it since in fact the liturgy by its very nature far surpasses any of them 2 in the catholic church the laity are encouraged to pray daily the canonical hours contained in the liturgy of the hours which are done at seven fixed prayer times 3 clergy and religious are obligated to pray the daily office 3 sources commonly used to pray the liturgy of the hours include the full four volume set of the liturgy of the hours the one volume christian prayer book and various apps on mobile devices 4 desert spirituality edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed april 2017 learn how and when to remove this message desert spirituality is a way of seeking god that is characterized by the desert theology of the old testament that remains central to the judeo christian tradition namely this refers to the narrative of god keeping his people wandering for 40 years in the desert and in subsequent centuries calling them into the desert as a testing ground where they may experience a change of heart and by proving themselves obedient to his ordering of human living again accept their creator as their lord in new testament times it is likewise for the reason of discerning god s will and proving his obedience that jesus of nazareth retired to the desert after his vocation call cf mark 1 12 13 matthew 4 1 11 luke 4 1 13 the christian eremitic vocation has the same purpose as the name hermit applied to those that embrace it indicates among those most widely known for living a desert spirituality during the early christian centuries is st anthony of egypt 251 356 5 6 he lived as a hermit for ten years practiced asceticism for his whole life and grew his own food for sustenance 6 from the life of a monk in solitude dedicated to seeking god in the desert the earliest form of christian monasticism emerged the monastic life in community 7 however the eremitic vocation continues as a distinct way of seeking god even today 8 in practical terms this spiritual quest is pursued through prayer in solitude and asceticism 9 some adherents of desert spirituality whether as eremitic or cenobitic monastics or as christian faithful outside the religious life practice centering prayer one form of this prayer has one meditate on a single sacred word to draw the believer closer to god by withdrawing compulsive infatuation with particular sensory objects and conceptual constructions 10 this practice was prominent in catholic practice at least as early as the 13th century as evinced by works such as the cloud of unknowing written anonymously in middle english by a catholic monastic 11 monastic orders edit benedictine spirituality edit benedictine spirituality is characterized by striving towards christian perfection in community liturgical prayer and separation from worldly concerns st benedict 480 550 is considered to be the father of western monasticism 12 he wrote the rule of st benedict c 530 to govern monks living communally under the authority of an abbot 7 and established his first monastery at monte cassino italy lectio divina is a benedictine prayer form based on praying with the word of god lectio divina has four moments lectio reading scripture meditatio reflection on the word oratio praying and contemplatio silently listening to god as practiced today it includes coming together several times daily to sing god s praises so that gratitude to god might fill all one s work key people involved in the benedictine movement of the twentieth and twenty first centuries include thomas merton and basil pennington 13 franciscan spirituality edit franciscan spirituality is characterized by a life of poverty love of nature and charitable deeds towards those in need 14 st francis of assisi 1182 1226 was the son of a wealthy merchant he rejected all of his possessions and founded a community of brothers friars who lived in poverty and served the poor franciscan prayer recognizes god s presence in the wonder of creation as expressed in st francis canticle of the sun franciscan spirituality is focused on walking in christ s footsteps and sharing one s experience of god 15 dominican spirituality edit dominican spirituality is characterized by poverty preaching god s word and defense of catholic doctrine 16 its four pillars are prayer study community and preaching 17 st dominic 1170 1221 encountered heretics on a journey in france his opinion was that the people were not to blame the preachers were if there are good orthodox preachers then the people will be good and orthodox also 18 therefore he founded the order of preachers or dominicans who draw their inspiration from contemplating christ s humanity one of the ways of praying that goes back to the dominicans is the rosary there is a tradition that states that virgin mary gave the rosary to dominic in a mystical vision the rosary is characteristic of dominican spirituality because it focuses attention on the principal mysteries of the life of jesus christ can lead to contemplation and is a way of proclaiming the truths of faith 19 some members of the dominican order have made significant contributions to catholic thought as did st thomas aquinas the most prominent scholar in the scholastic tradition he argued that teaching the faith was a superior form of contemplative prayer 20 ignatian spirituality edit ignatian spirituality is characterized by examination of one s life discerning the will of god finding god in all things hence their motto ad maiorem dei gloriam or for the greater glory of god and living the resurrection st ignatius of loyola 1491 1556 was a wounded soldier when he first began to read about christ and the saints 21 he had a conversion experience while healing which led over time to his founding the society of jesus known as the jesuits his classic the spiritual exercises is a guide for making retreats 22 for which he is the church s patron jesuits are quite diverse but are united by a zeal that comes from every jesuit making the spiritual exercises lay catholics make a shortened version of the exercises 23 at retreat houses wherein the director as did ignatius guides each retreatant separately through reflections and application of the senses to jesus life for discernment as to what god is asking of them ignatian spirituality incorporates elements from earlier spiritual traditions finding god in all things or being a contemplative in action has been likened to the spirituality of st francis of assisi whom ignatius admired meditation contemplation on the gospels has roots in the benedictine lectio divina however ignatian spirituality is adaptable as is clear from ignatius book on the exercises for instance pedro arrupe 1907 1991 a prominent superior general of the jesuits from 1965 to 1983 was known for incorporating zen meditative techniques to assist in his concentration another example of adaptability is the extent to which the individual exercitant applies imagination quite presence or discursive reasoning to the events of jesus life to arrive at closer knowledge and following of the lord 24 carmelite spirituality edit carmelite spirituality is characterised by interior detachment silence solitude the desire for spiritual progress and insight into mystical experiences the roots of the carmelite order go back to a group of hermits living on mt carmel in israel during the 12th century saints john of the cross 1542 1591 and teresa of ávila 1515 1582 were carmelite mystics whose writings are spiritual classics in ascent of mount carmel john of the cross teaches that purgation of the soul through mortification and suppression of desires is necessary for the transition through darkness to divine union with god teresa of avila emphasized the importance of mental prayer which she defined as spending time with a friend whom we know loves us other important figures in carmelite spirituality include thérèse of lisieux doctor of the church mary magdalene de pazzi sister lúcia of fátima nuno of saint mary elizabeth of the trinity marie antoinette de geuser known as consumata edith stein teresa of los andes teresa margaret of the sacred heart joaquina de vedruna angelus of jerusalem and brother lawrence 25 redemptorist spirituality edit redemptorist spirituality consists of the crib the cross and the sacrament in other words the redemptorists follow christ in his incarnation death and resurrection and believe that he is always with them they emphasize the encounter with christ in the blessed sacrament and have their founder s popular version of the way of the cross and the christmas carols which he composed with a practical focus redemptorist spirituality would render help to those in dire spiritual or material need based on jesus invitation to follow him one of the most tangible ways they do this is to proclaim the gospel in simple ways to ordinary people taking as their motto jesus words when he quoted isaiah the spirit of the lord is upon me to preach good news to the poor liberty to captives sight to the blind to proclaim the year of the lord s favour luke 4 18 19 26 servite spirituality edit the spirituality of the servite order is focused on contemplating mary at the foot of the cross as a model for christian life and service to the suffering moreover because the order has seven holy founders rather than one individual founder there is a particular emphasis on the communal aspect of christian life this spirituality finds expression particularly in the rosary of the seven sorrows 27 montfortian spirituality edit god alone was the motto of saint louis de montfort and is repeated over 150 times in his writings god alone is also the title of his collected writings briefly speaking based on his writings montfortian spirituality can be summed up by the formula to god alone by christ wisdom in the spirit in communion with mary for the reign of god although st louis is perhaps best known for his mariology and devotion to the blessed virgin mary his spirituality is founded on the mystery of the incarnation and is centered on christ as is clear in his famous prayer to jesus 28 post vatican ii lay movements edit see also laity in the catholic church the second vatican council promulgated in lumen gentium 29 upon all the laity therefore rests the noble duty of working to extend the divine plan of salvation to all men of each epoch and in every land consequently may every opportunity be given them so that according to their abilities and the needs of the times they may zealously participate in the saving work of the church lumen gentium chapter 2 para 33 the council popularized spiritual movements among catholics and some lay catholics now engage in regular contemplative practices such as the rosary or lectio divina consistent with vatican ii contemporary spiritual movements usually emphasize the necessity both of an interior relationship with god private prayer and works of justice and charity major 20th century writers who sought to draw together the contemplative and active poles of christian spirituality have been dorothy day and richard rohr citation needed christian life community edit main article christian life community the christian life community clc is an international association of lay christians who have adopted an ignatian model of spiritual life the community is present in almost sixty countries the clc traces its foundation to 1563 when the jesuit john leunis gathered a group of lay students at the roman college to form the sodality of our lady the sodality grew and was confirmed by pope gregory xiii in 1584 when the second vatican council urged groups like the sodality to rediscover their original roots some sodalities continued as before while others became christian life communities the main difference is in the size 6 to 12 and the regularity of meeting weekly or biweekly the clc draws its inspiration from the teachings of st ignatius of loyola and receives spiritual guidance from the jesuits the experience of making the spiritual exercises of st ignatius is of paramount importance to the members of the clc members are encouraged to adhere to a lifestyle which is gospel based and simple to serve the poor and to integrate contemplation and action as ignatian spirituality has an essential apostolic dimension members of the clc do reflect also on how to bring gospel values into all aspects of life in today s world charismatic spirituality edit main article catholic charismatic renewal charismatic spirituality reflects a belief that the spiritual gifts present in the early christian communities are still available to the church today more active sharing of spiritual experiences in community characterizes this spirituality schoenstatt movement edit main article schoenstatt movement schoenstatt emphasizes a strong devotion to the blessed virgin mary upholding her as a perfect example of love and purity schoenstatt seeks to invite the blessed mother and hence her divine son jesus christ into the home by establishing a spiritual covenant of love with her it encourages its members to have the faith and purity of children and to think of mary as their mother focolare movement edit main article focolare movement in 1943 in northern italy during world war ii chiara lubich together with a small group of friends concluded that god is the only ideal worth living for the focolare movement was founded as a result the goal was to strive towards the fulfillment of jesus prayer to the father that they all may be one john 17 21 a spirituality of unity resulted and gave rise to a movement of spiritual and social renewal now embracing over 5 million members in 182 countries focolare which means hearth draws together groups of families neighbors and friends to build community and to extend the works of the gospel sant egidio movement edit the sant egidio community began with a group of high school students in the 1960s who were convinced by a local priest in rome t...