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t main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 linguistics 3 várzea queimada toggle várzea queimada subsection 3 1 education 4 references toggle the table of contents cena sign language 4 languages العربية igbo português oʻzbekcha ўзбекча edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia village sign language of brazil cena native to sertão of piauí region várzea queimada brazil language family village sign language codes iso 639 3 glottolog cena1234 cena is a village sign language used by 34 known deaf signers and many more hearing inhabitants of várzea queimada a small agricultural community in the sertão scrubland of piauí north eastern brazil it is currently in its third generation of users history edit the existence of cena is largely motivated by two key factors a greater prevalence of congenital deafness in the local population relative to global or national averages and the geographical isolation of the community which until recently existed for generations without a road connecting the cluster of villages to the region s highway cena literally scene the word used to refer to what signers recount with their hands as they sign is indigenous to the community of várzea queimada emerging after the birth of several deaf children in the village beginning in the 1950s an initial cohort of deaf children is a common catalyst in the emergence of village sign languages notable examples include kata kolok al sayyid bedouin sign language and adamorobe sign language the birth of the first deaf child in the village came many decades after the establishment of the first deaf institute in rio de janeiro in 1857 known today as the national institute for deaf education instituto nacional de educação de surdos or ines the foundation of ines is commonly associated with the emergence of libras the national sign language of brazil as it was here that local sign languages or varieties existing in the region first came into sustained contact with french sign language creating the creolization conditions from which libras is thought to have emerged 1 despite the genesis story of libras beginning decades prior to the birth of deaf children in várzea queimada the geographical isolation of the community from large urban centres and deaf schools meant that these children grew up in the absence of a language model language deprivation of children who experience the critical period without sufficient linguistic input is a particular problem for deaf and hard of hearing children 2 when this occurs in a geographically isolated community with a singular deaf child a home sign system will often arise a manual communication system developed spontaneously by the deaf child in order to communicate with those around the child unlike the gestural output of caregivers that deaf children receive in this context homesign typically exhibits some properties more akin to language that solely gesture 3 making such systems of particular note to the field of developmental linguistics in observing the extent of linguistic development in the absence of a language model however the birth of multiple deaf children into an isolated community creates a context for a shared system to emerge these are the conditions under which many village sign languages including cena arise six of the first deaf children in várzea queimada were siblings and it is thought that it was from the repeated interactions of these siblings that modern day cena emerged its development has attracted the attention of national news in brazil 4 5 as well as linguistic researchers 6 7 8 9 10 it is of interest to linguists primarily because languages like cena offer a rare chance to see the emergence and development of a natural human language largely free from influence from existing languages making such languages distinct from pidgin languages creole languages and deaf community sign language where sign languages often emerge as a result of the mixing of various homesign systems following the establishment of a community institution as these deaf signers grew older and had children of their own unlike some of their parents subsequent deaf children in the community grew up with an existing language model themselves developing alongside the language in its own infancy ongoing observation allows linguists to track the development of various levels of linguistic structure considering existing research demonstrates that preferences for specific structures emerge quickly and differ over successive cohorts of signers in a young language 11 12 interactions between some of these signers including the telling of narratives was the subject of the 2019 film jogos dirigidos directed games commissioned by the chicago museum of contemporary art 13 the relative prevalence of deaf members of the community means that cena is used as the preferred language of the deaf residents but also by many hearing people of várzea queimada often the family or friends of the deaf linguistics edit cena has a robust lexicon of native signs including native compounds lexical documentation has contributed to initial linguistic descriptions of the language as well as the cena libras dictionary one of the first sign sign dictionaries in existence 14 15 typologically cena exhibits many features typical of sign languages such as non manual adverbial modification but also features typical of village sign languages in particular in small communities which have a high degree of shared reference use of real world location for reference through pointing is common cena is no exception cena also lacks a native manual alphabet cena signers vary in word order preferences in general word order varies according to the valency of the sentence the number of arguments a verb takes as in many other languages intransitive events are generally subject first e g a woman runs for transitive events word order preferences show sensitivity to the animacy of the object in transitive events with an inanimate object e g a woman rolls a ball sentences tend to be subject object verb whilst with animate objects e g a woman pushes a girl both subject object verb and object subject verb orders are common there is little convergence with ditransitive events e g a woman gives a shirt to a man verb agreement has been observed in the second and third generation of signers but not the first and oldest generation although this generation only contains one signer nonetheless word order is not the only strategy employed to mark argument structure signers have been observed to repeat the agent of a verb event in code switches between cena and libras to mark their role in the event similarly to how a speaker of a spoken language might use stress 9 10 this strategy has not been observed in any other language in the existing literature and is likely a result of a lack of other stable strategies to mark argument structure such as verb agreement due to the language s relative youth as such this reveals the various strategies a young language may employ on the pathway to widespread conventionalization an example of these reiterative code switches is provided below man libras stay loc1 woman cena woman libras cl object hold give loc1 a woman gives something to a man signs exhibit notable articulatory variation in how they are articulated by different signers 6 suggesting that cena much like other village sign languages such as al sayyid bedouin sign language 16 does not yet have a fully fledged systematic level of phonological structure if signs are not made up of meaningless sublexical features of handshape location and movement which recombine to form different signs considerable articulatory variation is possible as signers do not have to adhere to specific feature specifications in articulation however again like al sayyid bedouin sign language evidence of at least one process which targets the phonological level of structure has been found in assimilation 8 suggesting that perhaps some phonological structure may be emerging várzea queimada edit agricultural community várzea queimada várzea queimada agricultural community population total 900 várzea queimada is a small agricultural community in centre of the north eastern brazilian state of piauí around 30 km from the nearest city of jaicós and around 350 km away from the state capital teresina the 900 strong population 17 is largely agricultural with most families practicing subsistence farming various aspects of the village s sociocultural practices and organization are covered in detail in the phd thesis of éverton pereira 18 education edit two school streams exist in the community operating out of manoel barbosa municipal school which offers all basic education for children teenagers and adults in the village and surrounding areas during the day shift provides early years and elementary education at night there are high school classes as well as supplementary education initiatives for deaf adults as it has been historically common for deaf students to drop out of school as children or teenagers such initiatives allow deaf residents to return to school as adults for a temporary period a libras teacher was hired to teach these classes using libras and written portuguese as the language of instruction benefits were limited by a lack of teaching resources and curriculum fit for deaf students 19 the trilingual environment posed many challenges compounded by the lack of competency in cena of all but one of the staff likely with such obstacles as a significant contributing factor several deaf adults stopped attending as such fluency in libras within the community is uncommon particularly among the older deaf population cena is the dominant language in the community and for the most part signers are not cena libras bilinguals former teachers who worked with várzea queimada s deaf population described a rejection of libras within an educational setting and deaf signers themselves report and exhibit a widespread preference for cena in daily life 6 references edit quadros ronice m 2020 brazilian sign language studies berlin boston de gruyter mouton p 10 doi 10 1515 9781501507878 002 s2cid 240685088 retrieved 17 november 2022 goldberg karen 1 october 2020 language deprivation in deaf hard of hearing children clinical perspectives 59 10 retrieved 25 november 2022 goldin meadow susan 31 august 2012 26 homesign gesture to language homesign gesture to language berlin boston de gruyter mouton pp 601 625 doi 10 1515 9783110261325 601 isbn 978 3 11 020421 6 retrieved 25 november 2022 clube tv 20 february 2022 comunidade no interior do piauí cria nova língua de sinais para se comunicar com surdos grupo globo central globo de jornalismo retrieved 25 november 2022 fantástico 21 february 2022 nova língua de sinais é criada por comunidade de surdos no sertão do piauí grupo globo globoplay retrieved 25 november 2022 1 2 3 almeida silva anderson nevins andrew ira 2020 notas sobre a estrutura linguística da cena a língua de sinais emergente da várzea queimada piauí brasil linguagem ensino 23 4 archived from the original on 17 november 2022 retrieved 17 november 2022 silva diná souza quadros ronice muller 2019 línguas de sinais de comunidades isoladas encontradas no brasil brazilian journal of development 5 10 22111 22127 doi 10 34117 bjdv5n10 342 s2cid 213581663 retrieved 25 november 2022 1 2 stoianov diane souza diná freitas jó carlos almeida silva anderson nevins andrew ira 2022 comparing iconicity trade offs in cena and libras during a sign language production task pdf languages 7 2 98 doi 10 3390 languages7020098 1 2 stoianov diane almeida silva anderson nevins andrew reiterative codeswitching in cena as emergent agent marking cognitive and cultural influences on language emergence workshop program ccile 2020 archived from the original on 25 november 2022 retrieved 25 november 2022 1 2 stoianov diane reiterative code switches in cena as emergent argument marking ccile paper session iii presentation by diane stoianov youtube retrieved 25 november 2022 meir irit 2010 the emergence of argument structure in two new sign languages oxford oxford university press pp 101 113 retrieved 25 november 2022 ergin rabia meir irit ilkbasaran deniz padden carol jackendoff ray 2018 the development of argument structure in central taurus sign language abstract sign language studies 18 4 doi 10 1353 sls 2018 0018 hdl 21 11116 0000 0001 820a 1 s2cid 150098089 retrieved 25 november 2022 jogos dirigidos directed games mca chicago retrieved 17 november 2022 with almost 300 expressions created by the local population dictionary of the sign language of várzea queimada is launched in jaicós cidades na net retrieved 2 april 2024 community of várzea queimada launches sign language dictionary created by the local population universo piaui retrieved 2 april 2024 sandler wendy aronoff mark meir irit padden carol 2011 the gradual emergence of phonological form in a new language natural language and linguistic theory 29 2 503 543 doi 10 1007 s11049 011 9128 2 pmc 3250231 pmid 22223927 retrieved 17 november 2022 stoianov diane da silva diná souza freitas jó carlos neves almeida silva anderson nevins andrew 2022 comparing iconicity trade offs in cena and libras during a sign language production task pdf languages 7 2 1 3 2 cena doi 10 3390 languages7020098 pereira éverton 2013 fazendo cena na cidade dos mudos surdez práticas sociais e uso da língua em uma localidade no sertão do piauí pdf phd universidade federal de santa catarina retrieved 17 november 2022 franco telma 2022 escolarização do surdo plurilíngue de várzea queimada pi concepção dos professores thesis universidade federal do piauí retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title cena_ sign_language oldid 1375333680 categories sign languages of brazil piauí hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from april 2023 language articles without speaker estimate languages without iso 639 3 code but with glottolog code short description is different from wikidata pages using infobox mapframe with missing coordinates pages using infobox settlement with missing country pages using infobox settlement with no map pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates this page was last edited on 17 sept...