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ld wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life 2 work 3 process 4 art periods toggle art periods subsection 4 1 early work 4 2 middle work 4 3 late work 5 legacy 6 collections 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents charles e burchfield 7 languages беларуская deutsch français ido nederlands português тоҷикӣ edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american painter charles e burchfield walking path along the charles e burchfield nature art center 2001 union road west seneca new york 14224 born charles ephraim burchfield 1893 04 09 april 9 1893 ashtabula harbor ohio u s died january 10 1967 1967 01 10 aged 73 west seneca new york u s known for watercolor children martha elizabeth burchfield richter charles ephraim burchfield april 9 1893 january 10 1967 was an american painter and visionary artist known for his passionate watercolors of nature scenes and townscapes the largest collection of burchfield s paintings archives and journals are in the collection of the burchfield penney art center in buffalo his paintings are in the collections of more than 109 museums in the usa and have been the subject of exhibitions at the metropolitan museum of art the whitney museum of american art the hammer museum and the museum of modern art as well as other prominent institutions life edit burchfield s childhood home in salem born in ashtabula ohio burchfield was raised by his widowed mother in salem ohio 1 most of his early works were done at this house where he lived from the ages of five to 28 and which has since been converted into a museum 2 while he did think of being a nature writer in high school he eventually focused entirely on the visual aspect of his creativity writing short descriptive pieces for the painting on the back of the mount 3 stimulated by the nature descriptions of others his preferred american writers were thoreau and willa cather and later he developed a passion for reading works by finnish writers describing nature 3 burchfield graduated from the cleveland institute of art in 1916 4 later in life he acknowledged the profound effect on his own development by a teacher at the cia the artist henry keller 3 keller led a generation of ohio watercolor painters of the cleveland school which included burchfield on becoming engaged burchfield moved to buffalo new york in 1921 where he was employed as a designer at the h m birge wallpaper company 5 the following year he married bertha kenreich in greenford ohio in 1928 with a fifth child on the way he approached artist gallerist frank rehn to see whether he could afford to paint full time by selling through the rehn gallery in new york though the decision to leave birge preceded the great depression his work continued to sell 3 in 1952 he was elected to the national academy of design as an associate member and became a full member in 1954 in 1925 burchfield had moved from buffalo to the adjacent suburb of west seneca new york spending the rest of his life in the rural neighborhood of gardenville the charles burchfield home and studio located at 3574 clinton street served as his residence and creative workspace for 37 years from 1925 until his death in 1967 the studio built in 1928 and later moved to a concrete foundation in 1930 played a key role in his artistic process this modest property measuring 33 by 450 feet was both a source of inspiration and a frequent subject in his artwork he is buried in oakwood cemetery in the village of east aurora new york work edit february thaw brooklyn museum lightning and thunder at night smithsonian american art museum according to burchfield s friend and colleague edward hopper the work of charles burchfield is most decidedly founded not on art but on life and the life that he knows and loves best burchfield has been more recently described as the mystic cryptic painter of transcendental landscapes trees with telekinetic halos and haunted houses emanating ectoplasmic auras 6 jerry saltz suggests his influences as van gogh caspar david friedrich marsden hartley john marin calendar art and sunday painting like hopper he seemed not to have been influenced by cubism 6 process edit since its heyday in the nineteenth century watercolor had remained a popular style but burchfield was unique among his major contemporaries for working exclusively within the medium 7 12 unlike most watercolorists he stood at an easel he applied his colors with a dry brush technique very little water on machine made paper often reworking the surface during the process or sometimes many years later 3 burchfield was an unflagging advocate for the virtues of watercolors and chafed at the popular misconception of them as fragile and impermanent he was aware that some fading and hue changes were likely to occur but believed that proper handling and display procedures would keep water based artwork as vibrant as any other medium modern curators typically show watercolors like burchfield s under reduced lighting and for shorter lengths of time than oil based exhibitions 7 16 art periods edit his work is usually divided into three periods comprising figuration houses and small town scenes and abstractions depicting moods frequently morbid and fearful insect and frog sounds have their own calligraphic strokes and cicada sounds are depicted with zigzag strokes radiating outward flowers and houses seem to have faces not always pleasant early work edit woman in doorway 1917 the phillips collection burchfield s style was largely developed by the summer of 1915 after his junior year at the cleveland school of art as he sketched and painted constantly in and around salem ohio gathering the materials for a lifetime according to his journals exposed in school to modernist european trends he developed an almost fauvist use of broad areas of simplified color he was enlivened by delightful particularizations of nature and in 1917 began combining visual motifs projecting human moods often disturbing into the pictures assigned to the camouflage unit in the army in 1918 he even worked his designs into painting schemes disguising tanks and artificial hills biographers note his exposure to modernist trends and traditional chinese painting while in art school but overlook that the hallucinatory quality in his work may be partly traced to an episode of nervous exhaustion in 1911 while a junior in high school determined to record all the area s flowering plants that spring he stayed up late at night painting whole bouquets of the blooms and had a bout of what was referred to at the time as brain fever which might now be termed mania he seems to have learned to use it as a source of energy and inspiration and his school transcript records only three days absence that semester painting constantly from 1915 even while working full time in summer and after college he sketched on walks to and from home at lunchtime and completed paintings based on them at night half of his lifetime output of paintings was produced while living in salem from 1915 to 1917 the fact that so many paintings of this period were depictions of scenes visible from the windows of his boyhood home prompted henry adams curator of drawings at the cleveland museum of art to call it the most important house in american art history middle work edit in his middle period from 1919 until 1943 prompted partly by the need to provide financially for his new family with salable pictures for the new york art market he depicted small town and industrial scenes that put him in the category of the american scene or regionalist movement he was able to support himself through his painting from 1928 when he resigned his wallpaper design position at birge co in buffalo new york these large paintings have a solid look unusual in watercolors resembling oil paintings and they are the works most often seen in art history texts though one critic commented that burchfield was edward hopper on a rainy day a 1936 life magazine article named him one of america s 10 greatest painters late work edit in his late period from 1943 on possibly facing a psychological crisis as he turned 50 he returned to the preoccupations of the early work incorporating the painting skills he had mastered during his middle period which he eventually saw as a diversion from his true path developing large hallucinatory renditions of nature captured in swirling strokes heightened colors and exaggerated forms in his writings he expressed an aim to depict an earlier era in the history of human consciousness when man saw gods and spirits in natural objects and forces art historian and critic john canaday predicted in a 1966 review in the new york times that the grandeur and power of these pictures would be burchfield s enduring achievement legacy edit the burchfield penney art center the charles burchfield center at buffalo state college was dedicated in his honor in 1966 it was renamed the burchfield art center in 1983 with an expanded mission to support a multi arts focus between 1991 and 1994 the museum received a series of gifts from charles rand penney ph d of more than 1 300 works by western new york artists included in that gift were 183 works by charles e burchfield in honor of such a substantial donation the museum was again renamed as the burchfield penney art center garden along the charles e burchfield nature art center the charles e burchfield nature art center in west seneca new york is named in his honor developed in 1999 the 29 acre art and nature center complex also contains wild and cultivated gardens a large playground nature trails playgrounds and an outdoor amphitheater alongside the banks of the buffalo creek 8 four of burchfield s paintings cover author marilynne robinson s gilead series of his current legacy saltz writes that consciously or not recent painters like peter doig verne dawson gregory amenoff kurt lightner and ellen altfest are channeling bits of burchfield s visionary vibe 6 collections edit amon carter museum fort worth texas brauer museum of art valparaiso university buffalo akg art museum buffalo new york burchfield penney art center buffalo state college buffalo new york the burchfield penney art center holds the world s largest collection of charles e burchfield paintings studio objects and burchfield memorabilia butler institute of american art youngstown ohio canton museum of art canton ohio carnegie museum of art pittsburgh pennsylvania cleveland museum of art cleveland ohio columbus museum of art columbus ohio detroit institute of arts detroit michigan everson museum of art syracuse new york fine arts museums of san francisco san francisco california hunter museum of american art chattanooga tennessee kalamazoo institute of arts kalamazoo michigan 9 lehigh university art galleries bethlehem pennsylvania madison museum of contemporary art madison wisconsin memphis brooks museum of art memphis tennessee metropolitan museum of art new york new york minneapolis institute of art minneapolis minnesota munson williams proctor arts institute utica new york museum of modern art new york new york north carolina museum of art raleigh north carolina the phillips collection washington d c reynolda house museum of american art winston salem north carolina philadelphia museum of art philadelphia pennsylvania thyssen bornemisza museum madrid spain smithsonian american art museum washington dc vero beach museum of art vero beach florida virginia museum of fine arts richmond virginia wadsworth atheneum hartford connecticut wellin museum of art hamilton college clinton new york whitney museum of american art new york new york references edit schjeldahl peter 2010 life in a small town charles burchfield homebody modernist the new yorker no july 5 2010 condé nast pp 76 77 retrieved 18 july 2011 salemohio com archived from the original on 2006 10 18 retrieved 2006 09 01 1 2 3 4 5 interview with charles e burchfield conducted by john d morse at the artist s home in west seneca ny august 19 1959 haddad natalie november 2009 heat waves in a swamp the paintings of charles burchfield the brooklyn rail buffaloah com 1 2 3 the village voice mystic cryptic revelations by jerry saltz dec 13 2005 1 2 gober robert burlingham cynthia 2009 heat waves in a swamp the paintings of charles burchfield los angeles hammer museum isbn 978 3 7913 4380 8 history of the burchfield property the charles e burchfield nature art center archived from the original on 31 august 2013 retrieved 15 august 2013 street vista in winter kalamazoo institute of arts retrieved 6 may 2020 external links edit charles burchfield at wikicommons burchfield penney art center charles burchfield at dc moore gallery charles e burchfiled burchfield penney art center charles e burchfield nature art center charles burchfield homestead society website charles burchfield artwork examples on askart authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france 2 bnf data 2 italy czech republic spain netherlands norway latvia greece sweden poland vatican israel academics cinii artists ulan musicbrainz rkd artists museum of modern art people deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library snac yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title charles_e _burchfield oldid 1370952277 categories 20th century american painters american watercolorists 1893 births 1967 deaths people from salem ohio people from ashtabula ohio cleveland school arts community charles e burchfield members of the american academy of arts and letters 20th century american male painters hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with hcards this page was last edited on 23 august 2026 at 22 17 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the 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