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k owners who had kept grazing lands as an asset for their use jovellanos also argued for the abolition of entailed properties mayorazgos which allowed landed estates to pass undivided through generations of aristocrats as well as sale of lands held by the catholic church the aim of these policies was to create in spain yeoman farmers who would pursue their self interest and make agricultural land more productive the cost would be to undermine the power of the church and the aristocracy 18 as the situation with immediate revenue became more fraught the crown in 1804 imposed measures in its overseas empire forcing the catholic church to call in immediately the mortgages it had extended on a long term although aimed at undermining the wealth and power of the church the wealthy landowning elites were faced with financial ruin since they had no way to make full payment on their mortgaged properties 19 this ill considered royal decree has been seen as a major factor in the independence movement in new spain mexico 20 the decree was in abeyance once charles and ferdinand abdicated but it undermined elite support while in force in foreign policy godoy continued abarca de bolea s policy of neutrality toward as france but after spain protested the execution of louis xvi of france in 1793 france declared war on spain after the declaration portugal and spain signed a treaty of mutual protection against france 21 in 1796 france forced godoy to enter into an alliance and declare war on the kingdom of great britain as a consequence spain became one of the maritime empires to have been allied with republican france in the french revolutionary war and for a considerable duration 22 spain remained an ally of france for a while lost against the british in the battle of trafalgar and supported the continental blockade after napoleon s victory over prussia in 1807 godoy kept spain with the french side but the switching of alliances devalued charles s position as a trustworthy ally increasing godoy s unpopularity and strengthening the fernandistas supporters of crown prince ferdinand who favoured an alliance with the united kingdom citation needed 8 reales carolus iv 1808 chopmark economic troubles rumors about a sexual relationship between the queen and godoy and the king s ineptitude caused the monarchy to decline in prestige among the population anxious to take over from his father and jealous of the prime minister crown prince ferdinand attempted to overthrow the king in an aborted coup in 1807 23 he was successful in 1808 forcing his father s abdication following the tumult of aranjuez abdications of bayonne edit main article abdications of bayonne riots and a popular revolt at the winter palace aranjuez in 1808 forced the king to abdicate on 19 march in favor of his son 23 ferdinand took the throne as ferdinand vii but was mistrusted by napoleon who had 100 000 soldiers stationed in spain by that time due to the ongoing war of the third coalition the ousted king having appealed to napoleon for help in regaining his throne was summoned before napoleon in bayonne along with his son in april 1808 napoleon forced both charles and his son to abdicate declared the bourbon dynasty of spain deposed and installed his brother joseph bonaparte as king joseph i of spain which began the peninsular war 24 later life and death edit the ex king in 1818 following napoleon s deposing of the bourbon dynasty the ex king his wife and former prime minister godoy were held captive in france first at the château de compiègne 25 and three years in marseille where a neighborhood was named after him 26 after the collapse of the regime installed by napoleon ferdinand vii was restored to the throne the former charles iv drifted about europe 27 until 1812 when he finally settled in rome in the palazzo barberini 28 29 30 31 his wife died on 2 january 1819 followed shortly by charles who died on 19 january of the same year at the time of his death charles was visiting his brother ferdinand i of the two sicilies in naples 32 sir francis ronalds included a detailed description of the funeral in his travel journal 33 34 character edit well meaning and pious charles iv floundered in a series of international crises beyond his capacity to handle 27 he was said to be despotic sluggish and stupid he was also noted as a former wrestler who spent many a time hunting 35 he was painted by francisco goya in a number of official court portraits which numerous art critics have seen as satires on the king s stout vacuity 36 marriage and children edit charles iv married his first cousin maria louisa the daughter of philip duke of parma in 1765 the couple had fourteen children seven of whom survived into adulthood children of king charles iv name portrait lifespan notes carlos clemente infante of spain 19 september 1771 7 march 1774 born and died at el escorial baptized on the same day he was born with charles iii representing the holy father at the christening pope clement xiv celebrated carlos birth and sent the infant consecrated swaddling clothes died young however 37 carlota joaquina queen of portugal and the algarves 25 april 1775 7 january 1830 born at the royal palace of aranjuez she married her first cousin john vi of portugal in 1785 and became queen consort of portugal in 1816 had issue including the future pedro i of brazil she died at queluz national palace maria luisa infanta of spain 11 september 1777 2 july 1782 born and died at the royal palace of la granja de san ildefonso died young 38 maría amalia infanta of spain 9 january 1779 22 july 1798 born at the royal palace of aranjuez she married her uncle infante antonio pascual of spain in 1795 she gave birth to a stillborn son in 1798 and died shortly thereafter carlos domingo infante of spain 5 march 1780 11 june 1783 born at the royal palace of el pardo and died at the royal palace of aranjuez 38 after his birth his father pardoned all of the convicts from puerto san julián as a sign of celebration died in childhood 39 maria luisa queen of etruria duchess of lucca 6 july 1782 13 march 1824 born at the royal palace of la granja de san ildefonso she married her first cousin louis king of etruria in 1795 40 and had issue including charles ii duke of parma became duchess of lucca in her own right in 1817 and died in rome in 1824 of cancer carlos francisco de paula infante of spain 5 september 1783 11 november 1784 twins born and died at the royal palace of la granja de san ildefonso 41 their birth was an important event for the people of spain and provided security for the succession a security which was truncated with the early deaths of carlos and felipe both died in childhood 42 felipe francisco de paula infante of spain 5 september 1783 18 october 1784 fernando vii king of spain 14 october 1784 29 september 1833 born and died at el escorial he succeeded his father as king in 1808 but was deposed by joseph bonaparte one month later married his first cousin princess maria antonia of naples and sicily in 1802 no issue re instated as king in 1813 married his niece maria isabel of portugal in 1816 had issue married maria josepha amalia of saxony in 1819 no issue married his niece maria christina of the two sicilies in 1829 and had issue including the future isabella ii of spain died in 1833 carlos maría isidro benito count of molina 29 march 1788 10 march 1855 born at the royal palace of aranjuez married his niece infanta maria francisca of portugal in 1816 and had issue married his niece maria teresa princess of beira in 1838 no issue first carlist pretender to the throne of spain as carlos v used the title count of molina between 1845 and his death in 1855 maría isabel queen of the two sicilies 6 july 1789 13 september 1848 born at the royal palace of madrid she married her first cousin francis i of the two sicilies in 1802 and had issue including the future ferdinand ii of the two sicilies queen consort between 1825 and 1830 her husband s death died at the palace of portici in 1848 maria teresa infanta of spain 16 february 1791 2 november 1794 born at the royal palace of aranjuez and died at el escorial died in childhood 43 of smallpox 44 felipe maria infante of spain 28 march 1792 1 march 1794 born at the royal palace of aranjuez and died at the royal palace of madrid died in childhood 43 francisco de paula 10 march 1794 13 august 1865 born at the royal palace of aranjuez he married his niece princess luisa carlotta of naples and sicily in 1819 and had issue died in madrid in 1865 ancestors edit ancestors of charles iv of spain 45 8 louis dauphin of france 4 philip v of spain 9 maria anna victoria of bavaria 2 charles iii of spain 10 odoardo farnese hereditary prince of parma 5 elisabeth farnese 11 dorothea sophie of neuburg 1 charles iv of spain 12 augustus ii of poland 6 augustus iii of poland 13 christiane eberhardine of brandenburg bayreuth 3 maria amalia of saxony 14 joseph i holy roman emperor 7 maria josepha of austria 15 wilhelmine amalie of brunswick see also edit history of spain 1700 1810 references edit lynch john bourbon spain 1700 1808 basil blackwell 1989 p 375 lynch charles iv and the crisis of bourbon spain chapter 10 bourbon spain charles iv of spain and his family hides a rulers caricature hypercritic retrieved 19 march 2023 almanach royal p 34 1 2 stanley g payne history of spain of portugal vol 2 university of wisconsin press 1973 isbn 978 0 299 06284 2 page 415 lynch bourbon spain 376 77 hilt the troubled trinity godoy and the spanish monarchs pérez arbeláez enrique 1983 1967 josé celestino mutis y la real expedición botánica del nuevo reyno de granada in spanish second ed bogotá instituto colombiano de cultura hispánica rickett harold w 1947 the royal botanical expedition to new spain chronica botanica 11 1 1 81 bleichmar visible empire pp 16 18 la expedición malaspina 1789 1794 9 vols madrid lunwerg editores 1987 96 andrés galera gómez la ilustración española y el conocimiento del nuevo mundo la ciencias naturales en la expedición malaspina 1789 1994 la labor científica de antonio pineda madrid csic 1988 dolores higueras rodríguez ed la botánica en la expedición malaspina 1789 1794 madrid turner libros 1989 juan pimentel la física de la monarquía ciencia y política en el pensamiento colonial de alejandro malaspina 1754 1810 madrid doce calles 1998 maría pilar de san pío aladrén and maría dolores higueras rodríguez eds la armonía natural la naturaleza en la expedición marítima de malaspina y bustamante 1789 1794 madrid lunverg editores 2001 carlos franco paredes lorena lammoglia josé ignacio santos preciado 2005 the spanish royal philanthropic expedition to bring smallpox vaccination to the new world and asia in the 19th century clinical infectious diseases 41 9 oxford journals 1285 1289 doi 10 1086 496930 pmid 16206103 burkholder suzanne hiles charles iv of spain in encyclopedia of latin american history and culture vol 2 p 82 new york charles scribner s sons 1996 brading d a 1991 the first america the spanish monarchy creole patriots and the liberal state 1492 1867 cambridge cambridge university press pp 510 11 isbn 0 521 39130 x hamnett brian r 1969 the appropriation of mexican church wealth by the spanish bourbon government the consolidación de vales reales 1805 1809 journal of latin american studies 1 2 85 113 doi 10 1017 s0022216x00004430 von wobeser gisela 2006 la consolidación de vales reales como factor determinante de la lucha de independencia en méxico 1804 1808 historia mexicana in spanish 56 2 373 425 jstor 25139716 portugal de josé ferreira borges de castro visconde biker julio firmino judice estrangeiros portugal ministério dos negócios 19 june 2018 supplemeto á collecção dos tratados convenções contratos e actos publicos celebrados entre a corôa de portugal e as mais potencias desde 1640 imprensa nacional ollie bye 3 february 2016 the french revolutionary wars every other day archived from the original on 13 november 2021 via youtube 1 2 payne page 420 griffin julia ortiz griffin william d 2007 spain and portugal a reference guide from the renaissance to the present facts on file p 151 isbn 978 0 8160 4592 1 alain raisonnier claudie ressort 2009 le séjour de charles iv et de la cour d espagne au palais de compiègne en 1808 1809 annales historiques compiégnoises n 113 114 pp 14 24 paul gaffarel 1919 le séjour de charles iv d espagne à marseille revue des etudes napoléoniennes t xvi pp 40 57 1 2 griffin page 152 fr charles iv d espagne manuel de godoy exile worldroots com deprecated link archived 11 may 2004 at archive today the royal favorite manuel francisco domingo de godoy prince of the peace napoleon series org seco serrano carlos historia hispánica carlos iv real academia de la historia in spanish retrieved 4 may 2025 ronalds b f 2016 sir francis ronalds father of the electric telegraph london imperial college press p 188 isbn 978 1 78326 917 4 sir francis ronalds travel journal naples and pompeii sir francis ronalds and his family retrieved 23 february 2018 davies norman 2011 vanished kingdoms the history of half forgotten europe penguin books limited p 522 isbn 978 0 14 196048 7 edward j olszewski 1999 exorcising goya s the family of charles iv artibus et historiae 20 40 169 185 doi 10 2307 1483673 jstor 1483673 von pastor ludwig freiherr 1952 the history of the popes from the close of the middle ages michigan kegan paul p 201 1 2 real academia matritense de heráldica y genealogía 2007 anales de la real academia matritense de heráldica y genealogía vol x in spanish madrid ramhg p 330 senatore mar a ximena 2007 arqueolog a e historia en la colonia espa ola de floridablanca patagonia siglo xviii in spanish madrid teseo p 149 isbn 978 987 1354 08 5 simpson william jones martin desmond 2000 europe 1783 1914 routledge p 127 isbn 9780415226608 real academia matritense de heráldica y genealogía 2007 anales de la real academia matritense de heráldica y genealogía vol x in spanish madrid ramhg p 332 palazón juan manuel abascal 2010 josé vargas ponce 1760 1821 en la real academia de la historia in spanish madrid real academia de la historia p 54 isbn 978 84 15069 00 3 1 2 hilt douglas 1987 the troubled trinity godoy and the spanish monarchs alabama university of alabama press p 292 isbn 978 0 8173 0320 4 zavala josé maría 2013 la maldición de los borbones in spanish mexico random house mondadori p 16 isbn 978 84 01 34667 5 genealogie ascendante jusqu au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les rois et princes de maisons souveraines de l europe actuellement vivans genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the kings and princes of sovereign houses of europe currently living in french bourdeaux frederic guillaume birnstiel 1768 p 9 further reading edit barbier jacques a 1980 peninsular finance and colonial trade the dilemma of charles iv s spain journal of latin american studies 12 1 21 37 doi 10 1017 s0022216x00017545 gómez de arteche 1892 historia del reinado de ca...