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ct carotenoids quinones and fatty acid profiles that are consistently absent in the other suborder 1 16 17 in addition to demarcating taxonomic ranks csis may play a role in the unique characteristics of members within the clade in particular a four amino acid insert in the protein pyruvate flavodoxin ferredoxin oxidoreductase a protein which plays important roles in photosynthetic organisms has been found exclusively among all members in the genus chloroflexus and is thought to play an important functional role 18 19 additional work has been done using csis to demarcate the phylogenetic position of chloroflexia relative to other photosynthetic groups such as the cyanobacteria 20 chloroflexia shares a number of csis with chlorobiota in the chlorophyll synthesizing proteins as the two lineages are not otherwise closely related the interpretation is that the csis are the result of a horizontal gene transfer event between the two chloroflexia in turn acquired these proteins by another hgt from a clade c marine cyanobacteria 21 phylogeny edit 16s rrna based ltp _10_2024 22 23 24 120 marker proteins based gtdb release 10 rs226 25 26 27 thermomicrobiia sphaerobacterales sphaerobacteraceae sphaerobacter nitrolancea thermomicrobiales thermomicrobiaceae thermalbibacter thermomicrobium thermorudis chloroflexia kallotenuales kallotenuaceae kallotenue herpetosiphonales herpetosiphonaceae herpetosiphon chloroflexales roseiflexaceae roseiflexus chloroflexaceae heliothrix oscillochloris chloroflexus chloroflexia chloroheliales chloroheliaceae chlorohelix thermobaculales thermobaculaceae thermobaculum thermomicrobiales thermomicrobiaceae nitrolancea sphaerobacter thermalbibacter thermomicrobium thermorudis chloroflexales kallotenuaceae kallotenue herpetosiphonaceae herpetosiphon roseiflexaceae roseiflexus ca ribeiella kouleothrix chloroflexaceae chloroflexus oscillochloris ca chloroploca ca viridilinea taxonomy edit see also bacterial taxonomy the currently accepted taxonomy is as follows 1 5 28 class chloroflexia gupta et al 2013 genus dehalobium wu et al 2002 29 genus candidatus lithoflexus saghai et al 2020 genus candidatus sarcinithrix nierychlo et al 2019 order chloroheliales tsuji et al 2024 family chloroheliaceae tsuji et al 2024 genus candidatus chlorohelix tsuji et al 2024 order thermobaculales chuvochina et al 2023 family thermobaculaceae chuvochina et al 2023 genus thermobaculum botero et al 2004 order kallotenuales cole et al 2013 family kallotenuaceae cole et al 2013 genus kallotenue cole et al 2013 order herpetosiphonales gupta et al 2013 family herpetosiphonaceae gupta et al 2013 genus candidatus anthektikosiphon ward fischer mcglynn 2020 genus herpetosiphon holt lewin 1968 order chloroflexales gupta et al 2013 suborder roseiflexineae gupta et al 2013 family roseiflexaceae gupta et al 2013 kouleotrichaceae mehrshad et al 2018 genus candidatus amarofilum petriglieri et al 2023 genus heliothrix pierson et al 1986 genus kouleothrix kohno et al 2002 genus candidatus ribeiella petriglieri et al 2023 genus roseiflexus hanada et al 2002 suborder chloroflexineae gupta et al 2013 family chloroflexaceae gupta et al 2013 genus candidatus chloranaerofilum thiel et al 2016 genus chloroflexus pierson castenholz 1974 chlorocrinis ward et al 1998 family oscillochloridaceae gupta et al 2013 genus chloronema dubinina gorlenko 1975 genus candidatus chloroploca gorlenko et al 2014 genus oscillochloris gorlenko pivovarova 1989 genus candidatus viridilinea grouzdev et al 2018 see also edit list of bacteria genera list of bacterial orders green sulfur bacteria references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 gupta rs chander p george s 2013 phylogenetic framework and molecular signatures for the class chloroflexia and its different clades proposal for division of the class chloroflexia class nov corrected into the suborder chloroflexineae subord nov consisting of the emended family oscillochloridaceae and the family chloroflexaceae fam nov and the suborder roseiflexineae subord nov containing the family roseiflexaceae fam nov antonie van leeuwenhoek 103 1 99 119 doi 10 1007 s10482 012 9790 3 pmid 22903492 χλωρός liddell henry george scott robert a greek english lexicon at the perseus project lewis charlton t and charles short a latin dictionary oxford clarendon press 1879 online version at perseus brenner don j krieg noel r james t staley july 26 2005 1984 introductory essays in garrity george m ed bergey s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 2a 2nd ed new york springer orig pub london williams wilkins p 304 isbn 978 0 387 24143 2 british library no gba561951 1 2 3 cole jk gieler ba heisler dl palisoc mm williams aj dohnalkova ac ming h yu tt dodsworth ja li wj hedlund bp 2013 kallotenue papyrolyticum gen nov sp nov a cellulolytic and filamentous thermophile that represents a novel lineage kallotenuales ord nov kallotenuaceae fam nov within the class chloroflexia int j syst evol microbiol 63 part 12 4675 82 doi 10 1099 ijs 0 053348 0 pmid 23950149 gupta rs mukhtar t singh b 1999 evolutionary relationships among photosynthetic prokaryotes heliobacterium chlorum chloroflexus aurantiacus cyanobacteria chlorobium tepidum and proteobacteria implications regarding the origin of photosynthesis mol microbiol 32 5 893 906 doi 10 1046 j 1365 2958 1999 01417 x pmid 10361294 1 2 schoch cl et al chloroflexia national center for biotechnology information ncbi taxonomy database retrieved 2025 06 05 euzeby j 2013 list of new names and new combinations previously effectively but not validly published int j syst evol microbiol 63 1577 1580 doi 10 1099 ijs 0 052571 0 sutcliffe i c 2010 a phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture trends in microbiology 18 10 464 470 doi 10 1016 j tim 2010 06 005 pmid 20637628 campbell c sutcliffe ic gupta rs 2014 comparative proteome analysis of acidaminococcus intestini supports a relationship between outer membrane biogenesis in negativicutes and proteobacteria pdf arch microbiol 196 4 307 310 doi 10 1007 s00203 014 0964 4 pmid 24535491 archived from the original pdf on 2019 12 22 retrieved 2019 07 05 gupta rs 2003 evolutionary relationships among photosynthetic bacteria photosynth res 76 1 3 173 183 doi 10 1023 a 1024999314839 pmid 16228576 gupta r s 2016 impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification the importance of darwin s views on classification fems microbiol rev 40 4 520 553 doi 10 1093 femsre fuw011 pmid 27279642 gupta r s 1998 protein phylogenies and signature sequences a reappraisal of evolutionary relationships among archaebacteria eubacteria and eukaryotes microbiology and molecular biology reviews 62 4 1435 1491 doi 10 1128 mmbr 62 4 1435 1491 1998 pmc 98952 pmid 9841678 rokas a holland p w 2000 rare genomic changes as a tool for phylogenetics trends in ecology evolution 15 11 454 459 doi 10 1016 s0169 5347 00 01967 4 pmid 11050348 gupta r s griffiths e 2002 critical issues in bacterial phylogeny theoretical population biology 61 4 423 434 doi 10 1006 tpbi 2002 1589 pmid 12167362 hanada s pierson b k 2006 the family chloroflexaceae in dworkin m falkow s rosenberg e schleifer k h stackebrandt e eds the prokaryotes a handbook on the biology of bacteria new york springer pp 815 842 pierson b k castenholz r w 1992 the family chloroflexaceae in balows a truper h g dworkin m harder w schleifer k h eds the prokaryotes new york springer pp 3754 3775 gupta rs 2010 molecular signatures for the main phyla of photosynthetic bacteria and their subgroups photosynth res 104 2 3 357 372 doi 10 1007 s11120 010 9553 9 pmid 20414806 stolz f m hansmann i 1990 an mspi rflp detected by probe pfms76 d20s23 isolated from a flow sorted chromosome 20 specific dna library nucleic acids research 18 7 1929 doi 10 1093 nar 18 7 1929 pmc 330654 pmid 1692410 khadka b adeolu m blankenship re gupta rs 2016 novel insights into the origin and diversification of photosynthesis based on analyses of conserved indels in the core reaction center proteins photosynth res 131 2 159 171 doi 10 1007 s11120 016 0307 1 pmid 27638319 gupta rs 2012 origin and spread of photosynthesis based upon conserved sequence features in key bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis proteins mol biol evol 29 11 3397 412 doi 10 1093 molbev mss145 pmid 22628531 the ltp retrieved 10 december 2024 ltp_all tree in newick format retrieved 10 december 2024 ltp_10_2024 release notes pdf retrieved 10 december 2024 gtdb release 10 rs226 genome taxonomy database retrieved 1 may 2025 bac120_r226 sp_label genome taxonomy database retrieved 1 may 2025 taxon history genome taxonomy database retrieved 1 may 2025 chloroflexia in lpsn freese h m meier kolthoff j p sardà carbasse j afolayan a o göker m 2026 tygs and lpsn in 2025 a global core biodata resource for genome based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within dsmz digital diversity nucleic acids research 54 d1 d884 d891 doi 10 1093 nar gkaf1110 wu q watts j e m sowers k r may h d 2002 identification of a bacterium that specifically catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls with doubly flanked chlorines applied and environmental microbiology 68 2 807 812 bibcode 2002apenm 68 807w doi 10 1128 aem 68 2 807 812 2002 pmc 126686 pmid 11823222 further reading edit garrity gm holt jg 2001 phylum bvi chloroflexi phy nov in boone d r castenholz r w eds the archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic bacteria bergey s manual of systematic bacteriology vol 1 2nd ed new york springer verlag p 169 isbn 978 0 387 98771 2 external links edit wikispecies has information related to chloroflexia v t e prokaryotes bacteria classification domain archaea bacteria eukaryota major groups metamonada discoba diaphoretickes hacrobia cryptista rhizaria alveolata stramenopiles plants amorphea amoebozoa opisthokonta animalia fungi mesomycetozoea candidate phyla radiation elulimicrobiota elulimicrobia minisyncoccota absconditibacteria andersenbacteria berkelbacteria baikalibacteria dojkabacteriia doudnabacteria gracilibacteriia howlettbacteria katanibacteriia kazanbacteria microgenomatia minisyncoccia patescibacteriia saccharimonadia torokbacteria wirthbacteria thermotogati bipolaricaulota acetithermia bipolaricaulia deinococcota deinococcia synergistetes atribacterota atribacteria phoenicimicrobiia synergistota synergistia thermocalda caldisericota caldisericia coprothermobacterota coprothermobacteria dictyoglomerota dictyoglomeria lithacetigenota lithacetigenia thermodesulfobiota thermodesulfobiia thermotogota thermotogia zhurongbacterota bacillati actinomycetota acidimicrobiia actinomycetes aquicultoria coriobacteriia geothermincolia humimicrobiia nitriliruptoria rubrobacteria thermoleophilia armatimonadota abditibacteriia armatimonadia chthonomonadia fervidibacteria fimbriimonadia heboniibacteriia zipacnadia chloroflexota caldilineia chloroflexia dehalococcoidia dormibacteria ktedonobacteria limnocylindria martimicrobiia poriflexia spiritibacteria tarhunnaeia uliximicrobiia sysuimicrobiota sysuimicrobiia vulcanimicrobiota vulcanimicrobiia xenobiia cyanoprokaryota cyanobacteriota cyanophyceae sericytochromatia vampirovibrionophyceae margulisiibacteriota marinamargulisbacteria riflemargulisbacteria saganbacteria termititenacia firmicutes bacillota bacillia bacillota d dethiobacteria natranaerobiia proteinivoracia bacillota e fermentithermobacillia sulfobacillia symbiobacteriia thermaerobacteria bacillota g hydrogenisporia limnochordia clostridiota clostridiia thermoanaerobacteria thermosediminibacteria desulfotomaculota carboxydocellia carboxydothermia dehalobacteriia desulfitobacteriia desulfotomaculia moorellia peptococcia syntrophomonadia thermacetogeniia thermincolia halanaerobiaeota halanaerobiia selenobacteria selenomonadia pseudomonadati sphingobacteria bacteroidota bacteroidia chlorobiia ignavibacteriia kapaibacteria kryptoniia rhodothermia caldifarciminota caldipriscota hydrothermota stahliibacteriota calditrichota calditrichia cloacimonadota cloacimonadia cosmopoliota cosmopolitia delongiibacteriota edwardsiibacteriota effluvivivacota eiseniibacteriota electryoneota electryoneia tariuqbacteria fermentibacterota fermentibacteria fibrobacterota chitinivibrionia fibrobacteria raymondbacteriia gemmatimonadota gemmatimonadia glassbacteria krumholzibacteriota krumholzibacteriia heilongiota heilongiia latescibacterota handelsmanbacteria latescibacteria marinisomatota marinisomatia zixiibacteriota zhuqueibacterota zhuqueibacteria planctobacteria abyssobacterota aerophobota aerophobia auribacterota ancaeobacteria auribacteria erginobacteria tritonobacteria chlamydiota chlamydiia desantisiibacteriota elusimicrobiota elusimicrobiia endomicrobiia fidelibacterota fidelibacteria firestoneibacteriota goldiibacteriota heilongiota hinthialibacterota hinthialibacteria hydrogenedentota hydrogenedentia omnitrophota omnitrophia velamenicoccia planctomycetota brocadiia phycisphaeria planctomycetia uabimicrobiia poribacteriota ratteibacteriota saltatorellota saltatorellae sumerlaeota sumerlaeia tangaroaeota tianyaibacteriota verrucomicrobiota kiritimatiellia lentisphaeria verrucomicrobiia proteobacteria acidobacteriota acidobacteriia aminicenantia blastocatellia fischerbacteria guanabaribacteriia holophagia polarisedimenticolia thermoanaerobaculia vicinamibacteria acidulidesulfobacteriota acidulodesulfobacteriia aquificota aquificia bdellovibrionota bacteriovoracia bdellovibrionia binatota binatia calescibacteriota calescibacteriia campylobacterota campylobacteria desulfurellia canglongiota canglongiia chrysiogenota chrysiogenia dadaibacteriota dadabacteria deferribacterota deferribacteria deferrimicrobiota deferrimicrobiia deferrisomatota deferrisomatia leptospirillaeota leptospirillia lernaellota lernaellia methylomirabilota methylomirabilia moduliflexota moduliflexia myxococcota bradymonadia kuafubacteriia myxococcia polyangiia nitrosediminicolota nitrospinota nitrospinia nitrospirota nitrospiria thermodesulfovibrionia oligoflexaeota oligoflexia pseudomonadota anaeropigmentatia caulobacteria magnetococcia mariprofundia pseudomonadia schekmaniibacteriota desulfobacterota g syntrophorhabdia tectimicrobiota entotheonellia thermosulfidibacterota thermosulfidibacteria thermodesulfobacteriota anaeroferrophilia desulfarculia desulfatiglandia desulfobaccia desulfobacteria desulfobulbia desulfofervidia desulfomonilia desulfovibrionia desulfuromonadia dissulfuribacteria syntrophobacteria syntrophia thermodesulfobacteriia zymogenia incertae sedis babelota babeliae fusobacteriota fusobacteriia lindowiibacteriota macinerneyibacteriota macinerneyibacteriia muiribacteriota muiribacteriia ozemibacteria wallbacteriia spirochaetota brevinematia brachyspirae exilispiria leptospiria spirochaetia incertae sedis qinglongiota qinglongiia salinosulfoleibacteria teskebacteria gtdb 10 rs226 ltp _10_2024 taxon identifiers chloroflexia wikidata q15732012 wikispecies chloroflexia col 92zq2 eol 9152935 gbif old 8308597 ir...