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mong his most notable achievements baptism certificates were issued to jews to present them as christians and thereby avoid arrest or deportation damaskinos repeatedly protested to german senior officials against the ongoing persecution of jews one of his letters states 17 in our national consciousness all the children of mother greece are an inseparable unity they are equal members of the national body irrespective of religion our holy religion does not recognize superior or inferior qualities based on race or religion as it is stated there is neither jew nor greek and thus condemns any attempt to discriminate or create racial or religious differences our common fate both in days of glory and in periods of national misfortune forged inseparable bonds between all greek citizens without exemption irrespective of race for his role in saving hundreds of greek jews he was honored by yad vashem as righteous among the nations 18 hagia triada cathedral piraeus during the national resistance metropolitan ioakeim of kozani served as a national advisor to the eam in mainland greece several metropolitans collaborated with the resistance including metropolitans gregorios of chalkida iakovos of attica ioakeim of dimitriada dimitrios of dryinoupolis and konitsa and kallinikos of larissa and elassona in the eastern aegean islands ioakeim stroubis of chios eirenaios of samos and ikaria later president of the provisional government committee after italy s surrender in september 1943 and dionysios of mythymna also participated 19 during the seven year dictatorship of 1967 1974 the church experienced significant disruption due to numerous interventions by the regime in its internal affairs most interventions were in clear violation of canon law and ecclesiastical order these irregular interventions were often accepted or even facilitated by the church administration which had emerged after orchestrated legislative changes imposed by the dictatorship examples include the forced resignation of the lawful archbishop of athens and all greece chrysostomos ii of athens and the appointment of the palace priest hieronymos kotsonis as archbishop of athens and all greece by an eight member aristindyn synod the dictatorship sought to exploit the church s societal influence and in cooperation with the ecclesiastical leadership appropriated the values of greek christian culture to legitimize the regime not out of concern for hellenism or christianity but to achieve social and political validation 20 zoë movement edit cathedral of saint andrew patras the 20th century religious revival in greece included the zoë zoe movement a greek orthodox semimonastic association founded in 1907 by eusebius matthopoulos named after the greek word for life the movement operated largely independently of the institutional greek orthodox church and developed a strong decentralized organizational structure centered primarily in athens zoë brought together both laypeople and clergy its core consisted of highly disciplined unmarried members bound by vows of poverty chastity and obedience approximately half of whom were ordained priests 21 22 zoë was actively engaged in teaching preaching publishing and the administration of schools youth organizations and professional associations throughout greece it sponsored a nationwide sunday school program operating in approximately 7 800 churches and provided religious education to an estimated 150 000 students the movement also established affiliated organizations for youth parents professionals and young women nurses and promoted the widespread distribution of bibles religious literature and pamphlets its publications reached hundreds of thousands of copies annually in the period following world war ii zoë encouraged greater lay participation in liturgical and sacramental life and contributed to a broader revival of religious practice in greece 23 22 the movement was initially viewed with suspicion by the orthodox episcopate which objected to its strong independent organization its influence was later weakened by internal divisions including the departure of several members who formed a rival association soter as well as by its close associations with the military dictatorship established in greece in 1967 by the late 20th century zoë s prominence had significantly declined 22 in a 2019 interview with norman russell the greek philosopher christos yannaras stated that although he had participated in the zoë movement in his youth he later came to regard it as crypto protestant in character 24 canonization of asia minor new martyrs edit among the victims of the atrocities committed by the turkish nationalist army 1922 23 were hundreds of christian clergy in anatolia 25 including metropolitan bishops from left chrysostomos of smyrna lynched prokopios of iconium imprisoned and poisoned not pictured gregory of kydonies executed euthymios of zelon died in prison and posthumously hanged ambrosios of moschonisia buried alive on 4 november 1992 the holy synod of the church of greece unanimously declared the martyr chrysostomos of smyrna a saint of the orthodox church to be commemorated on the sunday after the exaltation of the holy cross together with the asia minor hierarchs and martyrs prokopios lazaridis ambrosios of moschonisia euthymios agritellis gregory of kydonies and all orthodox christians who were killed during the asia minor catastrophe 26 the canonization recognized chrysostomos of smyrna s death as a martyrdom suffered during the final phase of the greco turkish war 1919 1922 when the greek population of smyrna modern day i̇zmir experienced widespread violence and displacement during the asia minor catastrophe chrysostomos who had served as the metropolitan of smyrna since 1910 remained in the city during the turkish capture of smyrna in september 1922 and was killed by a mob shortly after the withdrawal of greek forces 27 the decision of the holy synod placed chrysostomos among the most prominent modern orthodox martyrs associated with the events of 1922 his canonization was also connected with the broader ecclesiastical recognition of the clergy and laity who died during the destruction of the greek orthodox communities of asia minor the church of greece emphasized that the commemoration was intended to honor the faith and witness of those who suffered during the asia minor catastrophe rather than to serve as a political statement 28 their inclusion in the liturgical calendar was formally announced in circular 2556 of 5 july 1993 by the holy synod of the church of greece the commemoration of saint chrysostomos of smyrna and his fellow hierarchs gregory of kydonies ambrosios of moschonisia prokopios lazaridis euthymios agritellis as well as the clergy and laity who were killed during the asia minor catastrophe is observed annually on the sunday following the feast of the exaltation of the holy cross in september 27 prevailing religion of greece edit according to the constitution greek orthodoxy is the prevailing religion of greece this is reinforced by displays of the greek flag and coat of arms at church properties 29 adherence to the eastern orthodox church was established as a definitive hallmark of greek ethnic identity in the first modern greek constitution the epidaurus law of 1822 this occurred during the greek war of independence 30 the preamble of all subsequent greek constitutions simply states in the name of the holy consubstantial and indivisible trinity and the orthodox church of christ is established as the prevailing religion of greece mainstream orthodox clergy salaries and pensions are paid by the state at rates comparable to teachers the church had previously compensated the state by a tax of 35 on ordinary revenues of the church but in 2004 this tax was abolished by law 3220 2004 31 by virtue of its status as the prevailing religion the canon law of the church is recognized by the greek government in matters pertaining to church administration religious marriages and baptisms are legally equivalent to their civil counterparts all greek orthodox primary and secondary students attend religious instruction 32 liaisons between church and state are handled by the ministry of national education and religious affairs church hierarchy edit flag of the church of greece supreme authority is vested in the synod of all the diocesan bishops who have metropolitan status the holy synod of the church of greece greek ἱερὰ σύνοδος τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἑλλάδος romanized hierà sýnodos tês ekklēsías tês helládos greek pronunciation ieˈra ˈsinoðos tis ekliˈsias tis eˈlaðos which operates under the de jure presidency of the archbishop of athens and all greece this synod deals with general church issues the standing synod is under the same presidency and consists of the primate and 12 bishops each member serves for one term on a rotating basis and handles administrative matters 33 the church is organized into 81 dioceses of which 36 located in northern greece and the major islands in the north and northeast aegean are nominally and spiritually under the jurisdiction of the ecumenical patriarchate of constantinople 34 the patriarchate retains certain privileges in these dioceses for example their bishops must acknowledge the patriarch as their primate during prayers these dioceses are called the new lands νέαι χώραι or néai chōrai as they became part of the modern greek state only after the balkan wars and are represented by 6 of the 12 bishops of the standing synod a bishop elected to one of the sees of the new lands must be confirmed by the patriarch of constantinople before assuming his duties these dioceses are administered by the church of greece in stewardship and their bishops retain the right of appeal the ékklēton to the patriarch the dioceses of crete church of crete the dodecanese and the monastic state of holy mount athos remain under the direct jurisdiction of the patriarchate of constantinople and are not part of the church of greece 35 the archdiocese of crete enjoys semiautonomous status new bishops are elected by the local synod of incumbents and the archbishop is appointed by the ecumenical patriarchate from a three person list the triprósōpon drawn by the greek ministry of national education and religious affairs from among the incumbent metropolitans of crete clergy and monastics edit part of a series on the eastern orthodox church mosaic of christ pantocrator hagia sophia overview structure theology history of theology liturgy church history holy mysteries view of salvation view of mary view of icons background crucifixion resurrection ascension of jesus christianity christian church apostolic succession four marks of the church orthodoxy organization autonomy autocephaly patriarchate ecumenical patriarch episcopal polity canon law clergy bishops priests deacons monasticism degrees bratstvo autocephalous jurisdictions autocephalous churches who are officially part of the communion constantinople alexandria antioch jerusalem russia serbia romania bulgaria georgia cyprus greece poland albania czech lands and slovakia autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous churches de jure america north macedonia autocephaly and canonicity recognized by constantinople and 3 other autocephalous churches ukraine ocu spiritual independence recognized by georgian orthodox church ukraine uoc autonomous jurisdictions sinai jp finland ep estonia ep japan mp china mp americas rp bessarabia rp moldova mp semi autonomous crete ep estonia mp rocor mp episcopal assemblies australia new zealand and oceania austria belgium holland and luxembourg canada france germany great britain and ireland italy and malta latin america scandinavia spain and portugal switzerland and liechtenstein united states of america noncanonical jurisdictions old believers spiritual christianity true orthodoxy catacomb church old calendarists american orthodox catholic church american world patriarchs national churches abkhazia belarus latvia montenegro turkey uoc kp evangelical orthodox phyletism ecumenical councils first seven ecumenical councils nicaea i constantinople i ephesus chalcedon constantinople ii constantinople iii nicaea ii other possible ecumenical councils constantinople iv constantinople v other important councils quinisext council jassy moscow jerusalem constantinople 1872 history church fathers pentarchy byzantine empire christianization of georgia christianization of bulgaria christianization of kievan rus great schism russia ottoman empire north america moscow constantinople schism 15th 16th c 1996 2018 theology history of eastern orthodox theology 20th century neo palamism apophaticism chrismation contemplative prayer essence vs energies hesychasm holy trinity hypostatic union icons metousiosis mystical theology nicene creed nepsis oikonomia vs akribeia ousia palamism philokalia phronema sin theosis theotokos differences from the catholic church opposition to the filioque opposition to papal supremacy liturgy and worship divine liturgy divine services akathist apolytikion artos ectenia euchologion holy water iconostasis jesus prayer aprakos kontakion liturgical entrances liturgical fans lity memorial service memory eternal omophorion eastern orthodox bowing eastern orthodox marriage praxis paraklesis paschal greeting paschal homily paschal troparion prayer rope prosphora russian bell ringing semantron sign of the cross sticheron troparion vestments use of incense liturgical calendar paschal cycle 12 great feasts other feasts feast of orthodoxy intercession of the theotokos the four fasting periods nativity fast great lent apostles fast dormition fast major figures saints russian until 15th century russian post 15th century serbian american justin martyr athanasius of alexandria ephraim the syrian basil of caesarea cyril of jerusalem gregory of nazianzus gregory of nyssa john chrysostom cyril of alexandria john climacus maximus the confessor john of damascus theodore the studite kassia cyril and methodius photius i of constantinople vladimir the great sava i of serbia gregory palamas innocent of alaska other topics architecture folk encyclical of the eastern patriarchs cross saint titles statistics by country v t e as in other orthodox christian churches male graduates of seminaries run by the church and financed by the greek state may be ordained as deacons and eventually as priests they are allowed to marry before their ordination as deacons but not afterwards the vast majority of parish clergy in greece are married alternatively they may enter monasteries and or take monastic vows monastics who are ordained as priests and possess a university degree in theology are eligible as candidates for the episcopate archimandrites women may also take monastic vows and become nuns in 2004 the holy synod of the church of greece voted to reinstate the female diaconate but limited the ordination of women as deaconesses to monastic communities 36 mona...