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4 1 château de chenonceau 4 2 château de dampierre en yvelines 4 3 château de montsoreau 4 4 château de vaux le vicomte 4 5 château de versailles 5 gallery 6 see also 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents château 38 languages العربية azərbaycanca brezhoneg català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی français עברית magyar 日本語 한국어 kurdî lëtzebuergesch nedersaksies nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål picard پنجابی português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska ไทย türkçe українська 閩南語 bân lâm gí 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia french term for a manor house or palace for other uses see château disambiguation not to be confused with chalet the château de versailles outside paris france s best known château and a unesco world heritage site a château plural châteaux both pronounced ʃɑto is a manor house or palace or residence of the lord of the manor or a fine country house of nobility or gentry with or without fortifications originally and still most frequently in french speaking regions nowadays a château may be any stately residence built in a french style the term is additionally often used for a winegrower s estate especially in the bordeaux region of france 1 definition edit château fort de roquetaillade the word château is a french word that has entered english where its meaning is more specific than in french the french word château denotes buildings as diverse as a medieval fortress a renaissance palace and a fine 19th century country house care should therefore be taken when translating the french word château into english noting the nature of the building in question most french châteaux are palaces or fine country houses rather than castles and for these the word château is appropriate in english sometimes the word palace is more suitable to give an outstanding example the château de versailles also called in french le palais de versailles is so called because it was located in the countryside when it was built still it does not resemble a castle so it is usually known in english as the palace of versailles when clarification is needed in french the term château fort is used to describe a fortified castle such as the château fort de roquetaillade the urban counterpart of a château is a palais in french which is usually applied only to very grand residences in a city this usage differs from that of the term palace in english where there is no requirement that a palace be in a city whereas the word palais is rarely used for buildings other than the grandest royal residences the term hôtel particulier is used in french for an urban private house of a grand sort 2 concept edit a château is a power house as sir john summerson dubbed the british and irish stately homes that are the british isles architectural counterparts to french châteaux it is the personal and usually hereditary badge of a family that with some official rank locally represents the royal authority thus the word château often refers to the dwelling of a member of either the french nobility or royalty however some fine châteaux such as vaux le vicomte were built by the essentially high bourgeois people but recently ennobled tax farmers and ministers of louis xiii and his royal successors the quality of the residences could vary considerably from grand châteaux owned by royalty and the wealthy elite near larger towns 3 to run down châteaux vacated by poor nobility and officials in the countryside 4 isolated and vulnerable 5 cour d honneur by louis le vau at château de versailles subsequently copied all over europe a château was historically supported by its terres lands composing a demesne that rendered the society of the château largely self sufficient in the manner of the historic roman and early medieval villa system cf manorialism hacienda the open villas of rome in the times of pliny the elder maecenas and emperor tiberius began to be walled in and then fortified in the 3rd century ad thus evolving to castellar châteaux 6 in modern usage a château retains some enclosures that are distant descendants of these fortifying outworks a fenced gated closeable forecourt perhaps a gatehouse or a keeper s lodge and supporting outbuildings stables kitchens breweries bakeries manservant quarters in the garçonnière besides the cour d honneur court of honour entrance the château might have an inner cour court and inside in the private residence the château faces a simply and discreetly enclosed park in the city of paris the louvre originally a fortified castle and the luxembourg palace originally a suburban palace were initially referred to as châteaux but became palaces when the city enclosed them in other french speaking regions of europe such as wallonia belgium the word château is used with the same meaning as in france in belgium a strong french architectural influence is evident in the seventeenth century château des comtes de marchin and the eighteenth century château de seneffe in the united states the word château took root selectively in the gilded age resort town of newport rhode island large manor homes were called cottages but north of wilmington delaware in the rich rural château country centred upon the powerful du pont family the word château is used with its original definition in canada especially in english château usually denotes a hotel not a house and applies only to the country s most elaborate railway hotels built during the canadian railroad golden age such as the château lake louise in lake louise alberta the château laurier in ottawa the château montebello in montebello quebec and the château frontenac in quebec city 7 french châteaux particular regions edit bordeaux region edit there are many estates with true châteaux on them in the bordeaux wine regions still it is customary for any wine producing estate since the 19th century no matter how humble to prefix its name with château this term became the default way of designating an estate in bordeaux in the same way that domaine did in burgundy both château and domaine are aristocratic in implication but bordeaux had a better claim to the association nobles had owned bordeaux s best vineyards for centuries most of burgundy s best vineyards in contrast had been owned by the church the term château became a permanent verbal fixture in bordeaux and it was emulated in other french regions and outside france 8 château margaux château haut brion château d yquem château cheval blanc the winery denomination château is now protected by french law and confirmed in 1981 by european union law 9 as traditional appellation the term château may be used only if two conditions are fulfilled the wine concerned has to be made exclusively from grapes harvested from the vineyard the wine making process was carried out there loire valley edit main article châteaux of the loire valley château du rivau the loire valley vallée de la loire is home to more than 300 châteaux 10 they were built between the 10th and 20th centuries firstly by the french kings followed soon thereafter by the nobility hence the valley is termed the valley of the kings alternatively due to its moderate climate wine growing soils and rich agricultural land the loire valley is referred to as the garden of france the châteaux range from the very large often now in public hands to more human scale châteaux such as the château de beaulieu in saumur or the medieval château du rivau close to chinon which were built of the local tuffeau stone 11 french châteaux selected examples edit château de chenonceau edit château de chenonceau the château de chenonceau is a french château spanning the river cher near the small village of chenonceaux in the indre et loire department of the loire valley in france it is one of the best known châteaux of the loire valley the estate of chenonceau is first mentioned in writing in the 11th century the current château was built in 1514 1522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later extended to span the river the bridge over the river was built from 1556 to 1559 to designs by the french renaissance architect philibert de l orme and the gallery on the bridge built from 1570 to 1576 to designs by jean bullant château de dampierre en yvelines edit château de dampierre built by jules hardouin mansart 1675 1683 for the duc de chevreuse colbert s son in law the château de dampierre is a french baroque château of manageable size protected behind fine wrought iron double gates the main block and its outbuildings corps de logis linked by balustrades are ranged symmetrically around a dry paved and gravelled cour d honneur behind the central axis is extended between the former parterres now mown hay the park with formally shaped water was laid out by andré le notre 12 château de montsoreau edit the château de montsoreau is the only château of the loire valley to have been built directly in the loire riverbed it is also one of the first example of a renaissance architecture in france 13 montsoreau was built in 1453 by jean ii de chambes first counsellor of charles vii of france and ambassador of france to venice and to turkey by order of the king soon after the end of the hundred years war the french dramatist alexandre dumas made the château de montsoreau world famous with his trilogy on the french wars of religion of which the lady of monsoreau is the second volume 14 château de vaux le vicomte château de vaux le vicomte edit the château de vaux le vicomte is a baroque french château located in maincy near melun 55 km southeast of paris in the seine et marne département of france it was built by louis le vau from 1658 to 1661 for nicolas fouquet marquis de belle isle belle île en mer viscount of melun and vaux the superintendent of finances of louis xiv the interior was lavishly decorated by painter charles le brun louis xiv later called louis le vau as well as charles le brun to work at versailles 15 château de versailles edit the palace of versailles or in french château de versailles is a royal château in versailles in the île de france region of france when the château was built versailles was a country village today however it is a wealthy suburb of paris some 20 kilometres 12 miles southwest of the french capital the court of versailles was the centre of political power in france from 1682 when louis xiv moved from paris until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in october 1789 after the beginning of the french revolution versailles is therefore famous not only as a building but also as a symbol of the absolute monarchy of the ancien régime gallery edit château de montsoreau château de chambord château de saumur château de brissac château d azay le rideau château d ancy le franc château d oiron château de hautefort château du champ de bataille château de champlâtreux fr château de vigny château de trévarez château de ferrières see also edit list of châteaux in france list of châteaux in languedoc roussillon list of castles in france châteauesque château de challain la potherie château d arenthon references edit dictionary com archived from the original on 4 march 2016 retrieved 13 april 2014 applefield david 6 april 2010 the unofficial guide to paris john wiley sons p 112 isbn 978 0 470 63725 8 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 giedion sigfried 1982 space time and architecture the growth of a new tradition harvard university press p 134 isbn 978 0 674 83040 0 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 anderson james maxwell 1 january 2007 daily life during the french revolution greenwood publishing group p 2 isbn 978 0 313 33683 6 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 richardson glenn 1 january 2008 the contending kingdoms france and england 1420 1700 ashgate publishing ltd p 64 isbn 978 0 7546 5789 7 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 jordi nathalie sommer lauren sussman anna 5 june 2007 mtv france john wiley sons p 146 isbn 978 0 7645 8770 2 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 hempstead andrew cuthbert pamela aykroyd lucas 12 november 2013 frommer s far wide a weekly guide to canada s best travel experiences john wiley sons p 149 isbn 978 1 118 10169 8 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 rod phillips 2018 wine a social and cultural history of the drink that changed our lives infinite ideas limited isbn 978 1 910902 48 6 pages 148 152 excerpts archived 28 december 2023 at the wayback machine commission regulation eec no 997 81 of 26 march 1981 laying down detailed rules for the description and presentation of wines and grape musts article 5 archived from the original on 28 december 2023 retrieved 24 may 2020 whittaker andrew 2008 france be fluent in french life and culture thorogood publishing p 25 isbn 978 1 85418 493 1 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 ouvert au public in french editions de la caisse nationale des monuments historiques et des sites 1983 p 111 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 quest ritson charles 2007 gardens of europe a traveller s guide antique collectors club p 114 isbn 978 1 870673 55 6 archived from the original on 24 december 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 litoux emmanuel 2003 congrès archéologique de france société française d archéologie p 255 la dame de monsoreau in french dumaspere com 1998 archived from the original on 11 august 2017 retrieved 18 march 2019 hanser david a 2006 architecture of france greenwood publishing group p 271 isbn 978 0 313 31902 0 archived from the original on 29 november 2023 retrieved 6 november 2015 external links edit look up château in wiktionary the free dictionary wikimedia commons has media related to châteaux en france château encyclopædia britannica vol 5 11th ed 1911 authority control databases international gnd national czech republic other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title château oldid 1370145155 categories châteaux châteaux in france house types hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from june 2021 pages with french ipa webarchive template wayback links cs1 french language sources fr commons link is locally defined wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference this page was ...