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climatological normal wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 see also 2 references toggle the table of contents climatological normal 9 languages deutsch فارسی français hausa 日本語 norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål русский slovenščina edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 30 year average of a weather variable for a given time of year annual u s temperature compared to the 20th century average for each u s climate normals period from 1901 1930 to 1991 2020 climatological normal or climate normal cn is a 30 year average of a weather variable for a given time of year 1 most commonly a cn refers to a particular month of year but it may also refer to a broader scale such as a specific meteorological season 2 more recently cn have been reported for narrower scales such as day of year and even hourly scale 3 climatological normals are used as an average or baseline to evaluate climate events and provide context for year to year variability normals can be calculated for a variety of weather variables including temperature and precipitation and rely on data from weather stations variability from the 30 year averages is typical and climate variability looks at the magnitude of extremes 1 climatological standard normals are overlapping periods updated every decade 1971 2000 1981 2010 1991 2020 etc the term normal first appeared in the literature by heinrich wilhelm dove in 1840 and the concept was formalized by the international meteorological committee in 1872 4 the use of the 30 year period of normals began in 1935 with the 1901 30 period 5 the continued use of 30 year normals has increasingly been called into question due to substantial evidence that the stationarity of climate statistics can no longer be taken for granted due to climate change 4 6 this has led to alternative definitions such as optimal climate normal and the hinge fit approach to supplement the standard 30 year normals which are still commonly used 7 more recently modern smoothing techniques such as spline based methods have also been proposed and used operationally to estimate the expected mean state of climate variables for the coming year or years 8 see also edit climate anomaly climatology seasonality references edit 1 2 climate variability and climate change archived 2014 05 17 at the wayback machine what is the difference michigan sea grant wmo guidelines on the calculation of climate normals world meteorological organization 2017 retrieved 3 july 2021 noaa s 1981 2010 u s climate normals an overview bulletin of the american meteorological society 93 11 american meteorological society 1687 1697 1 november 2012 bibcode 2012bams 93 1687a doi 10 1175 bams d 11 00197 1 1 2 guttman nathaniel b 1989 statistical descriptors of climate bulletin of the american meteorological society 70 6 602 bibcode 1989bams 70 602g doi 10 1175 1520 0477 1989 070 0602 sdoc 2 0 co 2 issn 1520 0477 trewin blair c 2007 the role of climatological normals in a changing climate world climate data and monitoring programme world meteorological organization p 7 arguez anthony vose russell s 1 june 2011 the definition of the standard wmo climate normal the key to deriving alternative climate normals bulletin of the american meteorological society 92 6 american meteorological society 699 704 bibcode 2011bams 92 699a doi 10 1175 2010bams2955 1 defining climate normals in new ways national centers for environmental information noaa archived from the original on 14 april 2022 retrieved 3 july 2021 rigal alix azaïs jean marc ribes aurélien 2019 07 01 estimating daily climatological normals in a changing climate climate dynamics 53 1 275 286 doi 10 1007 s00382 018 4584 6 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title climatological_normal oldid 1340223030 category climate and weather statistics hidden categories articles with short description short description with empty wikidata description webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 24 february 2026 at 15 06 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy 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