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Text of the page (random words):
close mid back unrounded vowel wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 features 2 occurrence 3 see also 4 notes 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents close mid back unrounded vowel 28 languages alemannisch العربية български brezhoneg català čeština deutsch español français bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 limburgs bahasa melayu nederlands polski português română русский simple english svenska తెలుగు ไทย türkçe українська vèneto 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia vowel sound represented by ɤ in ipa close mid back unrounded vowel ɤ ipa number 315 audio sample source help encoding entity decimal 612 unicode hex u 0264 x sampa 7 braille image ipa vowels front central back close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u near close ɪ ʏ ʊ close mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ near open æ ɐ open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ ipa help audio full chart template legend unrounded rounded the close mid back unrounded vowel or high mid back unrounded vowel 1 is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages its symbol in the international phonetic alphabet is ɤ called ram s horn this symbol is distinct from the symbol for the voiced velar fricative ɣ which has a descender but some texts 2 still use a ram s horn for the voiced velar fricative before the 1989 ipa convention the symbol for the close mid back unrounded vowel was sometimes called baby gamma which has a flat top this symbol was in turn derived from and replaced the inverted small capital a that represented the sound before the 1928 revision to the ipa 3 the symbol was again revised to be ram s horn with a rounded top in order to better differentiate it from the latin gamma ɣ 4 unicode provides u 0264 ɤ latin small letter rams horn but in some fonts this character may appear as a baby gamma instead the superscript ipa version is u 10791 modifier letter small rams horn 5 as of unicode 16 0 there exists a capital ram s horn at u a7cb latin capital letter rams horn features edit its vowel height is close mid also known as high mid which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel a high vowel and a mid vowel its vowel backness is back which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized which means that often they are in fact near back its place of articulation is velar which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue the dorsum at the soft palate it is unrounded which means that the lips are not rounded spectrogram of ɤ occurrence edit language word ipa meaning notes aklanon sa e amat saɤamat thanks bashkir туғ ы ҙ tuğ ı ź tuˈʁɤð ⓘ nine biak 6 o res ɤres stand bulgarian б ъ з b ǎ z bɤs elderflower chinese mandarin 餓 è ɤ hungry english cape flats 7 f oo t fɤt foot possible realization of ʊ may be u or ʉ instead 7 see south african english phonology south african 8 possible realization of ʊ may be a weakly rounded ʊ instead 8 see south african english phonology geordie usual realization of ʊ see geordie phonology birmingham and the black country corresponds to ʊ in most other dialects 9 estonian 10 k õ rv kɤrv ear can be close mid central ɘ or close back ɯ instead depending on the speaker 10 see estonian phonology gayo 11 kul e kuˈlɤː tiger close mid or mid one of the possible allophones of ə 11 iaai 12 l öö lɤː banana leaf irish ulster 13 u ladh ɤl̪ˠu ulster see irish phonology kaingang 14 m o ˈᵐbɤ tail varies between back ɤ and central ɘ 15 korean gyeongsang dialect 거기 g eo gi ˈkɤ̘ɡɪ there see korean phonology marathi मत m a ta mɤːt̪ opinion see marathi phonology northern tiwa taos dialect mânp ə umán ˌmã̀ˑˈpɤ̄u̯mã̄ it was squeezed may be central ɘ instead see taos phonology samogitian õ lgs ˈɤːl̪ˠgs long may be central ɘ instead scottish gaelic d oi rbh t̪ɤɾʲɤv difficult see scottish gaelic phonology sundanese priangan ᮌᮩ ᮜᮤᮞ᮪ g eu lis gɤˈlis pretty rusyn lemko variety час ы časy t͡ɕaˈsɤ times used only in place of etymological praslavic sound y 16 prešov variety subcarpathian variety thai 17 เ ธ อ th ơ̄ tʰɤ̄ː you tuvan ы т y t ɤt̚ dog yaqay kh o r o xɤrɤ frog uncommon pronunciation of o see also edit index of phonetics articles notes edit while the international phonetic association prefers the terms close and open for vowel height many linguists use high and low such as booij 1999 and nowikow 2012 international phonetic association 1912 the principles of the international phonetic association paris association phonétique internationale pp 10 nicholas nick 2003 greek derived ipa symbols greek unicode issues university of california irvine archived from the original on 2013 12 19 retrieved 2013 12 18 miller kirk ashby michael 2020 11 08 l2 20 252r unicode request for ipa modifier letters a pulmonic pdf van den heuvel 2006 p 26 1 2 finn 2004 p 970 1 2 mesthrie 2004 p 956 trudgill p chambers j 1998 dialectology p 110 doi 10 1017 cbo9780511805103 isbn 978 0 521 59378 6 1 2 asu teras 2009 p 369 1 2 eades hajek 2006 p 111 maddieson anderson 1994 p 164 ní chasaide 1999 114 115 jolkesky 2009 pp 676 677 682 jolkesky 2009 pp 676 682 фонетика русинська вебкнига 2016 06 02 archived from the original on 2016 06 02 retrieved 2021 12 19 tingsabadh abramson 1993 p 25 references edit asu eva liina teras pire 2009 estonian journal of the international phonetic association 39 3 367 372 doi 10 1017 s002510030999017x booij geert 1999 the phonology of dutch oxford university press isbn 0 19 823869 x eades domenyk hajek john 2006 gayo journal of the international phonetic association 36 1 107 115 doi 10 1017 s0025100306002416 finn peter 2004 cape flats english phonology in schneider edgar w burridge kate kortmann bernd mesthrie rajend upton clive eds a handbook of varieties of english vol 1 phonology mouton de gruyter pp 934 984 isbn 3 11 017532 0 van den heuvel wilco 2006 biak description of an austronesian language of papua ph d thesis vrije universiteit amsterdam hdl 1871 10282 jolkesky marcelo pinho de valhery 2009 fonologia e prosódia do kaingáng falado em cacique doble anais do seta 3 campinas editora do iel unicamp 675 685 mesthrie rajend 2004 indian south african english phonology in schneider edgar w burridge kate kortmann bernd mesthrie rajend upton clive eds a handbook of varieties of english vol 1 phonology mouton de gruyter pp 953 963 isbn 3 11 017532 0 maddieson ian anderson victoria 1994 phonemic structures of iaai pdf ucla working papers in phonetics 87 fieldwork studies of targeted languages ii los angeles ucla 163 182 ní chasaide ailbhe 1999 irish handbook of the international phonetic association cambridge university press pp 111 16 isbn 0 521 63751 1 nowikow wieczysław 2012 first published 1992 fonetyka hiszpańska 3rd ed warsaw wydawnictwo naukowe pwn isbn 978 83 01 16856 8 tingsabadh m r kalaya abramson arthur s 1993 thai journal of the international phonetic association 23 1 24 28 doi 10 1017 s0025100300004746 s2cid 242001518 external links edit list of languages with ɤ on phoible v t e international phonetic alphabet chart ipa topics ipa international phonetic association history of the alphabet extensions for disordered speech extipa voice quality symbols voqs journal of the ipa jipa special topics cursive forms case variants obsolete and nonstandard symbols naming conventions sinological extensions world orthography ipa chart for english dialects encodings ascii encodings sampa x sampa usenet ascii ipa tipa phonetic symbols in unicode ipa number ipa braille consonants pulmonic consonants place labial coronal dorsal laryngeal manner bi labial labio dental linguo labial dental alveolar post alveolar retro flex alve olo palatal velar uvular pharyn geal epi glottal glottal nasal m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̼ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n n̠̊ n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ sibilant affricate t̪s̪ d̪z̪ ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ tʂ dʐ tɕ dʑ non sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊ d̠ɹ̠ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔh sibilant fricative s̪ z̪ s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ non sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊ ɹ̠ ɻ̊ ɻ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ approximant β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɹ̠ ɻ j ɰ tap flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r r̠ ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ lateral affricate tɬ dɮ tꞎ d c ɟʎ̝ k ɡʟ̝ lateral fricative ɬ̪ ɬ ɮ ꞎ ʎ̝ ʟ̝ lateral approximant l̪ l̥ l l̠ ɭ̊ ɭ ʎ̥ ʎ ʟ̥ ʟ ʟ̠ lateral tap flap ɺ̥ ɺ ̊ ʎ̆ ʟ̆ ipa help audio full chart template symbols to the right in a cell are voiced to the left are voiceless shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible non pulmonic consonants bl ld d a pa rf p v u implosive voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ ejective stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ affricate p̪fʼ t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ kxʼ qχʼ fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ lateral affricate tɬʼ c ʼ k ʼ q ʼ lateral fricative ɬʼ click top velar bottom uvular tenuis kʘ qʘ kǀ qǀ kǃ qǃ k q kǂ qǂ voiced ɡʘ ɢʘ ɡǀ ɢǀ ɡǃ ɢǃ ɡ ɢ ɡǂ ɢǂ nasal ŋʘ ɴʘ ŋǀ ɴǀ ŋǃ ɴǃ ŋ ɴ ŋǂ ɴǂ ʞ tenuis lateral kǁ qǁ voiced lateral ɡǁ ɢǁ nasal lateral ŋǁ ɴǁ ipa help audio full chart template co articulated consonants nasal n͡m labial alveolar ɳ͡m labial retroflex ŋ͡m labial velar plosive t͡p d͡b labial alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b labial retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b labial velar q͡ʡ uvular epiglottal q͡p labial uvular fricative approximant ɥ̊ ɥ labialized palatal ʍ w labialized velar ɧ sj sound variable lateral approximant ɫ velarized alveolar implosive ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ɠ͡ɓ labial velar ejective t͡pʼ labial alveolar ipa help full chart template other voiceless bidental fricative h̪͆ voiceless bilabially post trilled dental stop t̪ʙ̥ voiceless upper pharyngeal plosive ʡ̟ voiced upper pharyngeal plosive ʡ̟̬ bilabial percussive ʬ bidental percussive ʭ sublaminal lower alveolar percussive vowels front central back close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u near close ɪ ʏ ʊ close mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ near open æ ɐ open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ ipa help audio full chart template legend unrounded rounded retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title close mid_back_unrounded_vowel oldid 1374224848 categories close mid vowels back vowels unrounded vowels hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages with plain ipa articles containing aklan language text articles containing bashkir language text pages using the phonos extension pages including recorded pronunciations articles containing biak language text articles containing bulgarian language text articles containing mandarin chinese language text articles containing estonian language text articles containing gayo language text articles containing iaai language text articles containing irish language text articles containing kaingang language text articles containing korean language text articles containing marathi language text articles containing northern tiwa language text articles containing samogitian language text articles containing scottish gaelic language text articles containing rusyn language text cs1 unfit url articles containing thai language text articles containing tuvan language text articles containing yaqay language text cs1 long volume value this page was last edited on 10 september 2026 at 17 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by 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