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common stock wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 shareholder rights 2 classification 3 ownership rights 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents common stock 23 languages العربية azərbaycanca deutsch ελληνικά español فارسی עברית हिन्दी հայերեն bahasa indonesia 한국어 lietuvių latviešu नेपाली polski русский slovenčina தமிழ் ไทย türkçe українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia form of corporate equity ownership for the plant see matthiola incana part of a series on financial markets public market exchange securities bond market bond valuation corporate bond fixed income government bond high yield debt municipal bond securitization stock market common stock growth stock preferred stock registered share shareholder stock stockbroker stock certificate stock exchange watered stock other markets derivatives credit derivative futures exchange hybrid security foreign exchange currency exchange rate commodity etf money mutual fund option real estate reinsurance structured product swap finance alternative investment private equity private credit leveraged buyout venture growth secondaries spac carried interest leveraged finance over the counter off exchange forwards options spot market swaps trading participants regulation clearing related areas asset management banks and banking bulls and bears diversification esg climate finance eco investing impact investing sustainable finance greenwashing financial technology investment management market risk market trend speculative attack v t e common stock is a form of corporate equity ownership a type of security the terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the united states they are known as equity shares or ordinary shares in the uk and other commonwealth realms this type of share gives the stockholder the right to share in the profits of the company and to vote on matters of corporate policy and the composition of the members of the board of directors the owners of common stock do not directly own any assets of the company instead each stockholder owns a fractional interest in the company which in turn owns the assets as owners of a company common stockholders are eligible to receive dividends from its recent or past earnings proceeds from a sale of the company and distributions of residual left over money if it is liquidated in general common stockholders have lowest priority to receive payouts from the company they may not receive dividends until the company has met obligations on any preferred stocks it has issued and they receive distributions in liquidation only after creditors including employees bondholders and preferred stockholders have been paid when liquidation happens through bankruptcy the common stockholders typically receive nothing 1 since common stock is more exposed to the risks of the business than bonds or preferred stock it offers a greater potential for capital appreciation over the long term common stocks tend to outperform more secure investments despite their short term volatility 1 shareholder rights edit owners of a company s common stock are entitled to rights that are enumerated in its articles bylaws and applicable corporate law these can include the right to vote on directors officers compensation plans and major business actions such as acquisition or dissolution many companies also allow them to submit and vote on proposals to amend the bylaws or to mandate actions by the board pre emption rights and shareholder rights plans regulate the terms under which new shareholders can affect the interests of existing ones shareholders have the right to request access to the company s financial records the list of shareholders and other records that they legitimately require to fulfill their ownership duties 2 classification edit common equity stock is classified to differentiate it from preferred stock each is considered a share class with different series of each issued from time to time such as series b preferred stock nevertheless using class b common stock is a common label for a super voting series of common stock ownership rights edit common stocks exist on both public and private markets however the accessibility differs because only publicly traded companies may have common stock publicly listed some companies may for various reasons delist some or all of their shares from the public market and common stock may then be converted to limited common stock other stock or be liquidated altogether 3 common stocks listings may be used as a way for companies to increase their equity capital in exchange for dividend rights for shareowners listed common stock typically comes in the form of several stock classes in order for companies to remain in partial control of their stock voting rights non voting stock may be issued as a separate class 4 see also edit capital surplus common stock dividend equity finance share capital shares authorized shares issued treasury stock references edit 1 2 chen james 2025 05 25 common stock what it is different types vs preferred stock investopedia retrieved 2025 09 16 milman david 2018 chapter 5 shareholder rights source nature and enforceability the company share legal regulation and public policy cheltenham uk northampton ma edward elgar publishing limited pp 103 135 isbn 9781785368127 sanger gary c peterson james d june 1990 an empirical analysis of common stock delistings journal of financial and quantitative analysis 25 2 cambridge university press 261 272 doi 10 2307 2330828 jstor 2330828 retrieved 12 april 2023 homa kenneth e jaffee dwight m 1971 the supply of money and common stock prices the journal of finance 26 5 1045 1066 doi 10 1111 j 1540 6261 1971 tb01747 x jstor 2326082 retrieved 12 april 2023 v t e financial markets types of markets primary market secondary market third market fourth market types of stocks common stock golden share preferred stock restricted stock tracking stock share capital authorised capital issued shares shares outstanding treasury stock participants broker floor broker inter dealer broker broker dealer market maker trader floor trader proprietary trader quantitative analyst investor hedger speculator arbitrager scalper regulator trading venues exchange list of major stock exchanges over the counter off exchange alternative trading system ats multilateral trading facility mtf electronic communication network ecn direct market access dma straight through processing stp dark pool private exchange crossing network liquidity aggregator stock valuation alpha arbitrage pricing theory apt beta buffett indicator cap to gdp book value bv capital asset pricing model capm capital market line cml dividend discount model ddm dividend yield earnings yield ev ebitda fed model net asset value nav security characteristic line security market line sml t model trading theories and strategies algorithmic trading buy and hold contrarian investing dollar cost averaging efficient market hypothesis emh fundamental analysis growth stock market timing modern portfolio theory mpt momentum investing mosaic theory pairs trade post modern portfolio theory pmpt random walk hypothesis rmh sector rotation style investing swing trading technical analysis trend following value averaging value investing quantitative analysis finance related terms bid ask spread block trade cross listing dividend dual listed company dupont analysis efficient frontier financial law flight to quality government bond greenspan put haircut initial public offering ipo long mandatory offer margin market anomaly market capitalization market depth market manipulation market trend mean reversion momentum open outcry order book position public float public offering rally returns based style analysis reverse stock split share repurchase shareholder value short selling short squeeze slippage speculation squeeze out stock dilution stock exchange stock market index stock split stock swap trade tender offer uptick rule volatility voting interest yield authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title common_stock oldid 1370531759 categories stock market terminology equity securities corporate finance hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 21 august 2026 at 17 46 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents common stock 23 languages add topic