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company style wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 locations 2 patrons and artists 3 material 4 decline 5 references 6 further reading 7 external links toggle the table of contents company style 7 languages فارسی français 한국어 nederlands русский සිංහල తెలుగు edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia style of indian painting group of courtesans sikh empire 1800 1825 26 cm 31 2 cm 10 2 in 12 3 in opaque watercolour and gold on paper company style also known as company painting 1 hindi kampani kalam is a hybrid indo european style of paintings made in british india by indian artists many of whom worked for european patrons in the east india company or other foreign companies in the 18th and 19th centuries the style blended traditional elements from rajput and mughal painting predominantly with a more western treatment of perspective volume and recession most paintings were small reflecting the indian miniature tradition but the natural history paintings of plants and birds were usually life size locations edit khan bahadur khan with men of his clan c 1815 from the fraser album first emerging in murshidabad later leading centres were the main british settlements or influence centres of calcutta madras banaras delhi lucknow patna trichinopoly or tanjore 1 subjects included portraits landscapes and views and scenes of indian people dancers and festivals series of figures of different castes or trades were particular favourites with an emphasis on differences in costume now they are equally popular as subjects for analysis by historians of the imperialist mentality portfolios of animal or botanical subjects were also commissioned and some erotic subjects architectural subjects were popular usually done in a detailed and frontal style more like that of an architectural draftsman than the romanticised style used by most european painters visiting india the techniques varied but mostly drew on western watercolour technique from which transparency of texture soft tones and modelling in broad strokes were borrowed 2 patrons and artists edit great indian fruit bat pteropus giganteus bhawani das or follower 1777 82 from mary impey s album of natural history paintings large scale patrons included colonel james skinner of skinner s horse fame who had a rajput mother and commissioned the manuscript tazkirat al umara memoirs of the nobles containing portraits of regional elites painted by company style artists including ghulam ali khan 3 and for natural history paintings mary impey wife of elijah impey who commissioned over three hundred for the impey album and the marquess wellesley brother of the first duke of wellington who had over 2 500 there were equivalent movements but much smaller around the french and portuguese possessions in india and in other south asian areas like burma and ceylon the french born major general claude martin 1735 1800 latterly based in lucknow commissioned 658 paintings of birds including black stork in a landscape now in the metropolitan museum of art in new york 4 some notable artists include mazhar ali khan who worked on thomas metcalfe s delhi book and was part of a dynasty of miniature artists the patriarch of which ghulam ali khan had worked for william fraser on a similar commission known as the fraser album with over 90 paintings and drawings mostly painted in 1815 to 1819 the fraser album came to light in fraser s papers only in 1979 they are now dispersed mazhar ali khan like his uncle ghulam murtaza khan also painted portraits of the last mughal emperors and their courts the art historians mildred archer and toby falk say of the fraser album although we can never know for certain who painted each fraser picture we can be sure on stylistic grounds that they are the work of a single family that of ghulam ali khan although the finest figure drawings among the fraser pictures are technically superior to known portraits signed by ghulam ali khan those of the gurkhas the recruits and some of the single figures such as kala and umeechund must be by another member of his family 5 the delhi book or reminiscences of imperial delhi is an album including 120 paintings in company style commissioned in 1844 by sir thomas metcalfe the company s agent at the mughal court after the murder of fraser in 1835 most are by mazhar ali khan and show the final years of the delhi court as well as local monuments the book is now in the british library in london 6 material edit a green winged macaw folio from mary impey s album of natural history paintings attributed by inscription to shaikh zain al din calcutta about 1780 paintings were mostly on paper but sometimes on ivory especially those from delhi they were mostly intended to be kept in portfolios or albums the muraqqa or album was very well established among indian collectors though usually including calligraphy as well as least in muslim examples the style developed in the second half of the 18th century and by the early nineteenth century production was at a considerable level with many of the cheaper paintings being copied by rote by the 19th century many artists had shops to sell the work and workshops to produce it decline edit the arrival of photography was a direct blow for the style but it survived into the 20th century ishwari prasad of patna who died in 1950 being perhaps the last notable exponent in the late 19th century the british established several schools of art where a yet more westernised version of the style was taught later in competition with other styles east india company official and servants perhaps william fullerton surgeon and mayor of calcutta in 1757 five recruits ummee chund indur goolzaree bukhtawur and juhaz 1815 16 akbar s tomb at sikandra sheikh latif c 1810 1820 maharaja ranjit singh c 1830 indradyumna in a carriage early 19th century an indian weaver and his wife 18th century miniature of the tanjore school national museum of denmark copenhagen references edit 1 2 company school indian art britannica www britannica com retrieved 29 august 2022 linda leach in george mitchell ed in the image of man the indian perception of the universe through 2000 years of painting and sculpture royal academy of arts london 1982 isbn 0 7287 0311 4 tazkirat al umara add 27254 british library retrieved 16 august 2026 black stork in a landscape the metropolitan museum of art i e the met museum retrieved 25 may 2018 goswami bn 2011 masters of the company portraits artibus asiae supplementum 48 artibus asiae publishers 769 778 jstor 23223173 the delhi book of thomas metcalfe further reading edit archer mildred and william g indian painting for the british 1770 1880 1955 archer mildred company paintings indian paintings of the british period london victoria and albert museum 1992 isbn 0944142303 dalrymple william forgotten masters indian painting for the east india company 2019 philip wilson publishers ltd isbn 978 1781301012 falk toby 1988 the fraser company drawings rsa journal 137 5389 27 37 jstor 41374777 goswamy b n 2011 masters of the company portraits artibus asiae supplementum 48 769 778 jstor 23223173 kossak steven 1997 indian court painting 16th 19th century new york the metropolitan museum of art isbn 0870997831 see index pp 148 152 welch stuart cary room for wonder indian court painting during the british period 1760 1880 exhibition catalogue new york american federation of arts 1978 isbn 0847801764 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to company style inva article 45 images from the v a sardar marika company painting in nineteenth century india in heilbrunn timeline of art history new york the metropolitan museum of art october 2004 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title company_style oldid 1369678131 categories british east india company schools of indian painting hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from september 2020 commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 16 august 2026 at 13 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a 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