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directive programming wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 the c preprocessor 2 history 3 other languages toggle other languages subsection 3 1 assembly language 3 2 pl sql 4 see also 5 footnotes 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents directive programming 13 languages čeština deutsch esperanto español italiano 日本語 한국어 polski português русский українська 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from compiler directive language construct that specifies how a compiler should process its input this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources directive programming news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2013 learn how and when to remove this message in computer programming a directive or pragma from pragmatic is a language construct that specifies how a compiler or other translator should process its input depending on the programming language directives may or may not be part of the grammar of the language and may vary from compiler to compiler they can be processed by a preprocessor to specify compiler behavior or function as a form of in band parameterization in some cases directives specify global behavior while in other cases they only affect a local section such as a block of programming code in some cases such as some c programs directives are optional compiler hints and may be ignored but normally they are prescriptive and must be followed however a directive does not perform any action in the language itself but rather only a change in the behavior of the compiler this term could be used to refer to proprietary third party tags and commands or markup embedded in code that result in additional executable processing that extend the existing compiler assembler and language constructs present in the development environment the term directive is also applied in a variety of ways that are similar to the term command the c preprocessor edit main article c preprocessor in c and c the language supports a simple macro preprocessor source lines that should be handled by the preprocessor such as define and include are referred to as preprocessor directives syntactic constructs similar to c s preprocessor directives such as c s if are also typically called directives although in these cases there may not be any real preprocessing phase involved all preprocessor commands except for defined when following a conditional directive begin with a hash symbol until c 26 the keywords export import and module were partially handled by the preprocessor 1 history edit directives date to jovial 2 cobol has a copy directive in algol 68 directives are known as pragmats from pragmatic and denoted pragmat or pr in newer languages notably c this has been abbreviated to pragma no t a common use of pragmats in algol 68 is in specifying a stropping regime meaning how keywords are indicated various such directives follow specifying the point upper res reserved or quote regimes note the use of stropping for the pragmat keyword itself abbreviated pr either in the point or quote regimes pr point pr pr upper pr pr res pr pr quote pr today directives are best known in the c language of early 1970s vintage and continued through the current c99 standard where they are either instructions to the c preprocessor or in the form of pragma directives to the compiler itself they are also used to some degree in more modern languages see below other languages edit in ada compiler directives are called pragmas short for pragmatic information in common lisp directives are called declarations and are specified using the declare construct also proclaim or declaim 3 with one exception declarations are optional and do not affect the semantics of the program the one exception is special which must be specified where appropriate in turbo pascal directives are called significant comments because in the language grammar they follow the same syntax as comments in turbo pascal a significant comment is a comment whose first character is a dollar sign and whose second character is a letter for example the equivalent of c s include file directive is the significant comment i file in perl the keyword use which imports modules can also be used to specify directives such as use strict or use utf8 haskell pragmas are specified using a specialized comment syntax e g inline foo 4 it is also possible to use the c preprocessor in haskell by writing language cpp php uses the directive declare strict_types 1 in pl i directives begin with a percent sign and end with a semicolon e g include foo noprint page pop skip the same as with preprocessor statements python has two directives from __future__ import feature defined in pep 236 back to the __future__ which changes language features and uses the existing module import syntax as in perl and the coding directive in a comment to specify the encoding of a source code file defined in pep 263 defining python source code encodings a more general directive statement was proposed and rejected in pep 244 the directive statement these all date to 2001 ecmascript also adopts the use syntax for directives with the difference that pragmas are declared as string literals e g use strict or use asm rather than a function call in visual basic the keyword option is used for directives option explicit on off when on disallows implicit declaration of variables at first use requiring explicit declaration beforehand option compare binary results in string comparisons based on a sort order derived from the internal binary representations of the characters e g for the english european code page ansi 1252 a b e z a b e z à ê ø à ê ø affects intrinsic operators e g the select case block and vb runtime library string functions e g instr option compare text results in string comparisons based on a case insensitive text sort order determined by your system s locale e g for the english european code page ansi 1252 a a à à b b e e ê ê z z ø ø affects intrinsic operators e g the select case block and vb runtime library string functions e g instr option strict on off when on disallows typeless programming where declarations which lack an explicit type are implicitly typed as object late binding i e dynamic dispatch to clr dlr and com objects on values statically typed as object implicit narrowing conversions requiring all conversions to narrower types e g from long to integer object to string control to textbox be explicit in code using conversion operators e g cint directcast ctype option infer on off when on enables the compiler to infer the type of local variables from their initializers in ruby interpreter directives are referred to as pragmas and are specified by top of file comments that follow a key value notation for example coding utf 8 indicates that the file is encoded via the utf 8 character encoding in c compiler directives are called pre processing directives c does not technically handle these using a preprocessor but rather directly in the code there are a number of different compiler directives which mostly align with those from c and c including pragma which is specifically used to control compiler warnings and debugger checksums 5 6 c also features some directives not used in c or c including nullable and region c also does not allow function like macros but does allow regular macros for purposes such as conditional compilation the sqlite dbms includes a pragma directive that is used to introduce commands that are not compatible with other dbms 7 in solidity compiler directives are called pragmas and are specified using the pragma keyword 8 assembly language edit in assembly language directives also referred to as pseudo operations or pseudo ops generally specify such information as the target machine mark separations between code sections define and change assembly time variables define macros designate conditional and repeated code define reserved memory areas and so on some but not all assemblers use a specific syntax to differentiate pseudo ops from instruction mnemonics such as prefacing the pseudo op with a period such as the pseudo op end which might direct the assembler to stop assembling code pl sql edit oracle corporation s pl sql procedural language includes a set of compiler directives known as pragmas 9 see also edit pragma once c c directive to block repeated header inclusions footnotes edit p1857r1 modules dependency discovery chapter 17 directives pdf computer programming manual for jovial j73 language pdf technical report june 1981 pp 243 263 radc tr 81 143 retrieved may 28 2023 steele 1990 chapter 9 declarations p 215 237 7 20 pragmas ghc 7 8 3 documentation retrieved 18 july 2014 dotnet bot lexical structure c language specification docs microsoft com retrieved 2019 11 01 billwagner pragma c reference docs microsoft com retrieved 2019 11 01 pragma statements supported by sqlite www sqlite org layout of a solidity source file solidity 0 8 27 documentation docs soliditylang org retrieved 2024 06 03 feuerstein steven pribyl bill 23 january 2014 oracle pl sql programming 6 ed o reilly media inc published 2014 isbn 9781449324414 retrieved 2016 06 16 pl sql has a pragma keyword with the following syntax pragma instruction_to_compiler pl sql offers several pragmas references edit steele guy l 1990 common lisp the language digital press pp 215 237 isbn 1 55558 041 6 external links edit openmp website openacc website openhmpp website retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title directive_ programming oldid 1358577458 category computer programming hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from december 2013 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 9 june 2026 at 16 19 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia 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