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composition roller wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 see also 2 references toggle the table of contents composition roller 1 language 日本語 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia letterpress printing tool a kettle used for making composition a indicates the liquid composition mixture b the outer area filled with water forming a heated bath a composition roller is a tool used in letterpress printing to apply ink to a bed of type in a printing press it consists of a cylinder made of a substance known as roller composition or simply composition a mixture of hide glue and sugar in the form of molasses or treacle with various additives such as glycerin depending on the particular recipe 1 early recipes also included gypsum plaster and tar though these were eventually found unnecessary 2 3 a two handled composition hand roller for use in manually inking type before its invention most inking of printing presses was done by manually pounding the type with ink balls specially treated leather balls stuffed with wool the difficulty and time involved in making and using ink balls led to various attempts to use cylinders which could be rolled rather than pounded leather rollers or skin rollers were attempted and were used on the earliest steam powered cylinder presses yet these did not work as well as the ink balls and the stitching seam would appear on the printed type 4 5 2 eventually a substance was found with the right adhesion and elasticity to make suitable cylindrical rollers composition for use in inking was developed in england in the 1810s by robert harrild and another individual named forster they first used it for making ink balls though they soon turned to making rollers 2 3 bryan donkin was the first to apply the composition roller to a machine press 4 by 1826 such rollers had been introduced into the united states 2 to make a roller the ingredients are melted together in a double boiler kettle 6 the process is timed to avoid candying the molasses 2 the mixture is cast into molds around a wooden or metal stock or core which after cooling and seasoning is then hooked onto the handle or printing press 1 7 2 the performance of composition rollers was notoriously subject to their environmental conditions 6 1 3 composition rollers tend to quickly dry out shrink and harden and as a result are typically stored in sealed cabinets called roller closets often with a thin layer ink left on the roller as a form of protection 6 2 glycerin which has an affinity for moisture was eventually added to the recipe yet that in turn could cause trouble in warm humid weather where too much moisture would be absorbed 7 the mixture itself varied depending on the time of year in which they were made 1 with winter rollers sometimes melting in summer and rollers made in the summer becoming brittle in winter however composition rollers that hardened or otherwise were unusable could be melted down and recast 1 8 by the turn of the 20th century composition rollers were mass manufactured by various companies using machines that could cast several rollers at once using a mixture containing more glycerin than molasses 7 2 see also edit visual arts portal brayer ink ball references edit 1 2 3 4 5 mackellar thomas 1893 the american printer philadelphia mackellar smiths jordan co pp 252 254 311 312 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 roller american dictionary of printing and bookmaking new york h lockwood co 1894 1 2 3 adams thomas f 1861 typographia or the printer s instructor philadelphia l johnson co pp 260 266 1 2 blades william 1891 the pentateuch of printing with a chapter on judges chicago a c mclurg and company p 90 adams thomas f 1861 typographia or the printer s instructor philadelphia l johnson co pp 259 260 1 2 3 harpel oscar h 1870 harpel s typograph cincinnati by author pp 41 43 1 2 3 roller the printer s dictionary of technical terms boston north end union school of printing 1912 pp 244 249 harpel oscar h 1870 harpel s typograph cincinnati by author pp 44 45 v t e letterpress printing history of printing printer movable type type casting type metal punchcutter matrix wood type blocks plates stereotype flong logographic printing wood engraving electrotype zinc etching typesetting manual type case composing stick sort slug strut reglet furniture leading quoin chase forme hellbox hot metal linotype monotype ludlow typograph intertype paige compositor printing press parts platen frisket tympan bed inking offset ink ink ball composition roller types hand stanhope columbian albion jobbing golding company chandler price colt s armory cylinder rotary other items folding machine paper cutter addressograph related typography bookbinding printmaking papermaking retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title composition_roller oldid 1267065103 categories letterpress printing history of printing hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 3 january 2025 at 12 45 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization 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