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conchoidal fracture wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 subsets 2 lithics 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents conchoidal fracture 11 languages العربية català čeština español eesti فارسی français ido português русский українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia brittle fracture surface that does not follow any natural planes of separation conchoidal fractures in obsidian a conchoidal fracture is a break or fracture of a brittle material that does not follow any natural planes of separation mindat org defines conchoidal fracture as follows a fracture with smooth curved surfaces typically slightly concave showing concentric undulations resembling the lines of growth of a shell 1 materials that break in this way include quartz chert flint quartzite jasper and other fine grained or amorphous materials with a composition of pure silica such as obsidian and window glass as well as a few metals such as solid gallium crystalline materials such as quartz also exhibit conchoidal fractures when they lack a cleavage plane and do not break along a plane parallel to their crystalline faces hence a conchoidal or uneven fracture is not a specific indication of the amorphous character of a mineral or a material amorphous cryptocrystalline and crystalline materials can all present conchoidal fracture when they lack a preferential cleavage plane conchoidal fractures can occur in various materials if they are properly percussed struck cryptocrystalline silica such as chert or flint with this material property were widely sought after traded and fashioned into sharp tools in the stone age conchoidal fractures often result in a curved breakage surface that resembles the rippling gradual curves of a mussel shell the word conchoid is derived from the word for this animal ancient greek κογχοειδής konchoeidēs κόγχη konchē 2 3 a swelling appears at the point of impact called the bulb of percussion shock waves emanating outwards from this point leave their mark on the stone as ripples other conchoidal features include small fissures emanating from the bulb of percussion they are defined in contrast to the faceted fractures often seen in single crystals such as semiconductor wafers and gemstones and to the high energy ductile fracture surfaces desirable in most structural applications citation needed conchoidal fracture in obsidian conchoidal fracture in flint multiple conchoidal fractures in knapped glass subsets edit several subdefinitions exist for instance on the webmineral website 4 brittle conchoidal very brittle fracture producing small conchoidal fragments brittle subconchoidal brittle fracture with subconchoidal fragments conchoidal irregular irregular fracture producing small conchoidal fragments conchoidal uneven uneven fracture producing small conchoidal fragments subconchoidal fractures developed in brittle materials characterized by semi curving surfaces lithics edit in lithic stone tools conchoidal fractures form the basis of flint knapping since the shape of the broken surface is controlled only by the stresses applied and not by some preferred orientation of the material this property also makes such fractures useful in engineering since they provide a permanent record of the stress state at the time of failure citation needed as conchoidal fractures can be produced only by mechanical impact rather than frost cracking for example they can be a useful method of differentiating prehistoric stone tools from natural stones citation needed see also edit geology portal fracture mineralogy references edit conchoidal fracture at mindat org conchoidal merriam webster online retrieved 2010 10 30 κογχοειδής κόγχη liddell henry george scott robert a greek english lexicon at the perseus project mineral tenacity and fracture at webmineral external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to conchoidal fracture the dictionary definition of conchoid at wiktionary retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title conchoidal_fracture oldid 1356193913 categories lithics materials degradation mineralogy concepts petrology stone age hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing ancient greek to 1453 language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from november 2013 articles with unsourced statements from march 2025 commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 26 may 2026 at 07 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents conchoidal fracture 11 languages add topic