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surrender military wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 definition and etymology 2 signs and gestures of surrender 3 process 4 false surrender 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents surrender military 32 languages العربية azərbaycanca বাংলা català کوردی español فارسی suomi français עברית bahasa indonesia 日本語 한국어 کٲشُر latviešu മലയാളം монгол bahasa melayu नेपाली português română русский shqip српски srpski ไทย türkçe اردو tiếng việt 吴语 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from conditional surrender field marshal wilhelm keitel signing the german instrument of surrender at the soviet headquarters in karlshorst berlin on 8 may 1945 giving up control over territory or resources to another power 10 000 indian troops completely cornered by the ottomans and forced into a unconditional surrender at kut al amara 1916 representatives on board the uss missouri to effect the surrender of japan at the end of world war ii part of a series on war outline index history prehistoric ancient post classical early modern industrial modern military organization command and control defense ministry reserves ranks branches army navy air force marines coast guard border guard special forces cyber force space force specialties 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company soldiers are murderers category v t e surrender in military terms is the relinquishment of control over territory combatants fortifications ships or armament to another power a surrender may be accomplished peacefully or it may be the result of defeat in battle a sovereign state may surrender following defeat in a war usually by signing a peace treaty or capitulation agreement a battlefield surrender either by individuals or when ordered by officers normally results in those surrendering becoming prisoners of war definition and etymology edit merriam webster defines surrender as the action of yielding one s person or giving up the possession of something especially into the power of another and traces the etymology to the middle english surrendre from french sur or sus suz under rendre to give back 1 this in turn is defined by the university of michigan middle english dictionary as meaning the giving up of an estate a grant of land or an interest in property to the person who holds the right to it or in law the relinquishing of letters patent to the king or the giving back or return of something 2 signs and gestures of surrender edit troops of the suffolk regiment surrendering to the japanese after the battle of singapore 1942 a white flag or handkerchief is often taken or intended as a signal of a desire to surrender but in international law it simply represents a desire for a parley that may or may not result in a formal surrender 3 normally a surrender will involve the handing over of weapons previously the commanding officer of a surrendering force symbolically offered his sword to the victorious commander individual combatants can indicate a surrender by discarding weapons and raising their hands empty and open above their heads a surrendering tank commander should point the tank s turret away from opposing combatants although they may have to leave the tank in order to clearly signal surrender 4 flags and ensigns are hauled down or furled and ships colors are struck 5 according to a leaflet given to british empire troops before the gallipoli landings turkish soldiers as a rule manifest their desire to surrender by holding their rifle butt upwards and by waving clothes or rags of any colour the leaflet also claimed that an actual white flag should be regarded with the utmost suspicion as a turkish soldier is unlikely to possess anything of that colour suggesting that a white flag would be used in an act of perfidy 6 process edit when the parties agree to terms the surrender may be conditional that is the surrendering party agrees to submit only after the victor makes certain promises the leaders of the surrendering group negotiate privileges or compensation for the time expense and loss of life saved by the victor through the stopping of resistance 3 alternatively in a surrender at discretion unconditional surrender the victor makes no promises of treatment and unilaterally defines the treatment of the vanquished party 7 an early example of a military surrender is the defeat of carthage by the roman empire at the end of the second punic war 7 over time generally accepted laws and customs of war have been developed for such a situation most of which are laid out in the hague convention of 1907 and the geneva conventions 8 normally a belligerent will agree to surrender unconditionally only if completely incapable of continuing hostilities traditionally a surrender ceremony was accompanied by the honors of war 9 the third geneva convention states that prisoners of war should not be mistreated or abused 10 us army policy for example requires that surrendered persons should be secured and safeguarded while being evacuated from the battlefield 11 while not a formal military law the code of the us fighting force disallows surrender unless all reasonable means of resistance are exhausted and certain death the only alternative the code states i will never surrender of my own free will if in command i will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist 12 false surrender edit main article perfidy false surrender is a type of perfidy in the context of war it is a war crime under protocol i of the geneva convention 13 false surrenders are usually used to draw the enemy out of cover to attack them off guard but they may be used in larger operations such as during a siege accounts of false surrender can be found relatively frequently throughout history see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to surrendering capitulation an agreement in time of war for the surrender to a hostile armed force of a particular body of troops a town or a territory debellatio occurs when a war ends because of the complete destruction of a belligerent state no quarter occurs when a victor shows no clemency or mercy and refuses to spare the life of the vanquished when they surrender at discretion under the laws of war it is especially forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given unconditional surrender is a surrender without conditions except for those provided by international law references edit surrender merriam webster retrieved 7 october 2016 surrendre middle english dictionary the university of michigan retrieved 7 october 2016 1 2 francis newton souza 1982 the white flag revolution a new theory a new symbol a new force a new art mastermind publications p 70 galliott jai macintosh duncan ohlin jens david 2021 lethal autonomous weapons re examining the law and ethics of robotic warfare oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 754604 8 via google books a naval encyclopedia philadelphia l r hamersly co 1881 liddle peter 2015 the gallipoli experience reconsidered casemate publishers isbn 9781473851092 via google books 1 2 michael graham fry erik goldstein richard langhorne 2002 guide to international relations and diplomacy a c black pp 448 isbn 978 1 62356 603 6 the program for humanitarian policy and conflict research at harvard university ihl primer series issue 1 accessed at archived copy pdf archived from the original pdf on 2013 12 30 retrieved 2013 12 29 cite web cs1 maint archived copy as title link greenspan morris 1969 the soldier s guide to the laws of war washington dc public affairs press p 10 convention iii relative to the treatment of prisoners of war geneva 12 august 1949 international committee of the red cross retrieved 7 october 2016 fm 19 40 enemy prisoners of war and civilian internees pdf survivalebooks com department of the army retrieved 7 october 2016 code of conduct for members of the united states armed forces air university us air force archived from the original on august 2 2003 retrieved 7 october 2016 protocol additional to the geneva conventions of 12 august 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts protocol i 8 june 1977 international committee of the red cross retrieved 7 october 2016 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title surrender_ military oldid 1375344841 categories surrenders law of war military strategy hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 maint archived copy as title commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 17 september 2026 at 06 51 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents surrender military 32 languages add topic