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coniacian wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 stratigraphic definitions toggle stratigraphic definitions subsection 1 1 sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry 1 2 subdivision 2 references toggle references subsection 2 1 notes 2 2 literature 3 external links toggle the table of contents coniacian 30 languages afrikaans العربية asturianu català čeština deutsch esperanto español euskara فارسی français galego magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 latina nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски svenska українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia age of the late cretaceous this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources coniacian news newspapers books scholar jstor february 2024 learn how and when to remove this message coniacian 89 8 0 3 85 7 0 2 ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n chronology 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 mesozoic c z j cretaceous p g l j early late p c tithonian berriasian valanginian hauterivian barremian aptian albian cenomanian turonian coniacian santonian campanian maastrichtian danian k pg mass extinction subdivision of the cretaceous according to the ics as of 2024 1 vertical axis scale millions of years ago etymology name formality formal usage information celestial body earth regional usage global ics time scale s used ics time scale definition chronological unit age stratigraphic unit stage time span formality formal lower boundary definition fad of the inoceramid bivalve cremnoceramus deformis erectus lower boundary gssp salzgitter salder quarry germany 52 07 27 n 10 19 46 e 52 1243 n 10 3295 e 52 1243 10 3295 lower gssp ratified may 2021 upper boundary definition fad of the inoceramid bivalve cladoceramus undulatoplicatus upper boundary gssp olazagutia spain 42 52 00 n 2 11 48 w 42 8668 n 2 1968 w 42 8668 2 1968 upper gssp ratified january 2013 2 the coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale it is a subdivision of the late cretaceous epoch or upper cretaceous series and spans the time between 89 8 0 3 ma and 85 7 0 2 ma million years ago the coniacian is preceded by the turonian and followed by the santonian 3 stratigraphic definitions edit the coniacian is named after the city of cognac in the french region of saintonge it was first defined by french geologist henri coquand in 1857 the base of the coniacian stage is at the first appearance of the inoceramid bivalve species cremnoceramus deformis erectus the official reference profile for the base a gssp is located in salzgitter salder lower saxony germany the top of the coniacian the base of the santonian stage is defined by the appearance of the inoceramid bivalve cladoceramus undulatoplicatus the coniacian overlaps the regional emscherian stage of germany which is roughly coeval with the coniacian and santonian stages in magnetostratigraphy the coniacian is part of magnetic chronozone c34 the so called cretaceous magnetic quiet zone a relatively long period with normal polarity citation needed sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry edit after a maximum of the global sea level during the early turonian the coniacian was characterized by a gradual fall of the sea level this cycle is in sequence stratigraphy seen as a first order cycle during the middle coniacian a shorter second order cycle caused a temporary rise of the sea level and global transgressions on top of the longer first order trend the following regression co1 at 87 0 ma separates the middle from the upper coniacian substage an even shorter third order cycle caused a new transgression during the late coniacian citation needed beginning in the middle coniacian an anoxic event oae 3 occurred in the atlantic ocean causing large scale deposition of black shales in the atlantic domain the anoxic event lasted till the middle santonian from 87 3 to 84 6 ma and is the longest and last such event during the cretaceous period 4 subdivision edit the coniacian is often subdivided into lower middle and upper substages it encompasses three ammonite biozones in the tethys domain zone of paratexanites serratomarginatus zone of gauthiericeras margae zone of peroniceras tridorsatum in the boreal domain the coniacian overlaps just one ammonite biozone that of forresteria petrocoriensis citation needed references edit notes edit international chronostratigraphic chart pdf international commission on stratigraphy december 2024 retrieved october 23 2025 lamolda m paul c peryt d pons j march 2014 the global boundary stratotype and section point gssp for the base of the santonian stage cantera de margas olazagutia northern spain episodes 37 1 2 13 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2014 v37i1 001 retrieved 24 december 2020 see gradstein et al 2004 for a detailed version of the ics geologic timescale see meyers et al 2006 literature edit gradstein f m ogg j g smith a g 2004 a geologic time scale 2004 cambridge university press meyers p a bernasconi s m forster a 2006 origins and accumulation of organic matter in expanded albian to santonian black shale sequences on the demerara rise south american margin organic geochemistry 37 pp 1816 1830 external links edit geowhen database coniacian late cretaceous timescale at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ics stratigraphic chart of the late cretaceous at the website of norges network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy v t e cretaceous period lower early cretaceous upper late cretaceous berriasian valanginian hauterivian barremian aptian albian cenomanian turonian coniacian santonian campanian maastrichtian v t e geological history of earth cenozoic era present 66 0 ma quaternary present 2 58 ma holocene present 11 7 ka pleistocene 11 7 ka 2 58 ma neogene 2 58 23 0 ma pliocene 2 59 5 33 ma miocene 5 33 23 0 ma paleogene 23 0 66 0 ma oligocene 23 0 33 9 ma eocene 33 9 56 0 ma paleocene 56 0 66 0 ma mesozoic era 66 0 252 ma cretaceous 66 0 145 ma late 66 0 100 ma early 100 145 ma jurassic 145 201 ma late 145 164 ma middle 164 174 ma early 174 201 ma triassic 201 252 ma late 201 237 ma middle 237 247 ma early 247 252 ma paleozoic era 252 539 ma permian 252 299 ma lopingian 252 260 ma guadalupian 260 272 ma cisuralian 272 299 ma carboniferous 299 359 ma pennsylvanian 299 323 ma mississippian 323 359 ma devonian 359 419 ma late 359 383 ma middle 383 393 ma early 393 419 ma silurian 419 444 ma pridoli 419 423 ma ludlow 423 427 ma wenlock 427 433 ma llandovery 433 444 ma ordovician 444 485 ma late 444 458 ma middle 458 470 ma early 470 485 ma cambrian 485 539 ma furongian 485 497 ma miaolingian 497 509 ma series 2 509 521 ma terreneuvian 521 539 ma proterozoic eon 539 ma 2 5 ga neoproterozoic 539 ma 1 ga ediacaran 539 635 ma cryogenian 635 720 ma tonian 720 ma 1 ga mesoproterozoic 1 1 6 ga stenian 1 1 2 ga ectasian 1 2 1 4 ga calymmian 1 4 1 6 ga paleoproterozoic 1 6 2 5 ga statherian 1 6 1 8 ga orosirian 1 8 2 05 ga rhyacian 2 05 2 3 ga siderian 2 3 2 5 ga archean eon 2 5 4 ga neoarchean 2 5 2 8 ga mesoarchean 2 8 3 2 ga paleoarchean 3 2 3 6 ga eoarchean 3 6 4 ga hadean eon 4 4 6 ga ka kiloannum thousand years ago ma megaannum million years ago ga gigaannum billion years ago see also geologic time scale geology portal world portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title coniacian oldid 1318301628 categories coniacian late cretaceous geological ages cretaceous geochronology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from february 2024 all articles needing additional references pages using gadget wikiminiatlas all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from february 2024 this page was last edited on 23 october 2025 at 02 40 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact 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