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voted overwhelmingly to declare war on mexico definitive word of the declaration reached california in august 65 13 may 1846 the war secretary sent orders to colonel stephen kearny at fort leavenworth in what is now kansas to march west to conquer and occupy the mexican departments of new mexico and california 66 18 may 1846 general taylor s army entered mexico and occupied matamoros 62 18 may 1846 commodore sloat in mazatlán received detailed news of the april 25 ambush of captain seth thornton s command on the rio grande sloat sent the warning of hostilities to monterey with captain william mervine aboard the cyane which set sail on may 19 67 68 167 24 may 1846 on its way south the frémont expedition reached peter lassen s ranch and learned that the portsmouth was anchored at sausalito lt gillespie was sent to request supplies 8000 percussion caps 300 pounds of rifle lead one keg of powder and food provisions from montgomery and to continue on to monterey to inform larkin that the expedition would be heading back to st louis 69 31 may 1846 frémont s party along with gillespie and his escort camped at the buttes 60 miles north of sutter s fort 70 while there they killed several indians near present day meridian california see sutter buttes massacre 71 late may 1846 with rumors swirling that general castro was massing an army against them american settlers in the sacramento valley banded together to meet the threat 70 31 may 1846 sloat received trustworthy news of taylor s battles of may 8 9 his orders required him to sail north upon learning without a doubt that war had been declared 67 early jun 1846 believing that war with mexico was a virtual certainty frémont joined the sacramento valley rebels in a silent partnership 72 early jun 1846 john sutter a swiss who was a naturalized mexican citizen notified his immediate superior general castro of gillespie s true identity and urged castro to send a respectable garrison north in the event of trouble 73 05 jun 1846 josé castro again visited mariano vallejo in sonoma and collected horses and supplies for his men from vallejo s ranch 74 07 jun 1846 sloat received news that an american squadron had blockaded vera cruz 75 08 jun 1846 among the settlers william knight visited william ide to report the rumor that armed spaniards on horseback had been seen in the valley the two rode to frémont s camp north of new helvetia another report to frémont said that lt francisco arce militia officer jose maria alviso and eight armed men were near sutter s fort driving a herd of 170 horses destined for santa clara 74 08 jun 1846 sloat set sail for monterey on the savannah leaving the warren in mazatlán to await receipt of the official declaration of war 75 68 168 10 june 1846 the frigate congress flagship of commodore robert f stockton arrived at honolulu in the sandwich islands to land the u s commissioner congress later departed for monterey bay to join the pacific squadron trailing by a significant distance the sloop levant which had departed mazatlán on may 20 taken on supplies in hawaii and also sailed for monterey 76 68 167 10 jun 1846 four men from frémont s party and 10 volunteers rode out to intercept arce surprised him and seized the horse herd thus initiating the open rebellion of the osos 77 11 jun 1846 the americans drove the herd north to the buttes camp gathering a dozen new volunteers historian h h bancroft later wrote that frémont instigated and planned the horse raid and incited the american settlers indirectly and guardedly to revolt 78 13 jun 1846 34 armed men none was from frémont s party rode from the buttes to seize the town of sonoma force the surrender of colonel vallejo and thus forestall castro s plan to harry the settlers and force them to leave mexico the osos knew that sonoma had had no garrison for a year and no finances for one 79 14 jun 1846 the osos entered sonoma at dawn rode to vallejo s casa grande and knocked on the door vallejo served the oso leaders food and brandy during a three hour period in which surrender documents were drafted with provisions for the americans to respect the townspeople and their property several osos rejected the surrender ezekiel merritt and john grigsby asserted that frémont had ordered the capture of sonoma william ide beseeched his fellow insurgents to keep themselves under control 24 osos stood with him and elected him their leader william todd fashioned the bear flag which was later raised in sonoma plaza ten men were selected to escort four prisoners taken from the vallejo s homestead including mariano vallejo to the american camp 80 miles away 80 14 jun 1846 frémont and his band rode to sutter s fort not yet aware of the raid s outcome to receive the supplies that were requested from montgomery 81 15 jun 1846 the oregon territory convention was signed by england and the u s ending its joint occupation with england and making most oregonians below the 49th parallel american citizens 82 15 jun 1846 william ide proclaimed his bear flag manifesto within a week over 70 more american volunteers joined the osos 83 15 jun 1846 ide sent todd to the portsmouth to notify montgomery of the events in sonoma todd also requested gunpowder which was denied 84 16 jun 1846 prisoners and escorts arrived at frémont s camp frémont denied responsibility for the raid the escorts removed the prisoners to sutter s fort frémont began signing letters as military commander of u s forces in california 85 16 jun 1846 john montgomery of the portsmouth in sausalito sent a small landing party to sonoma ide in his first act as commander in chief reappointed jose berryessa alcalde to continue as local magistrate 86 16 jun 1846 todd returned to sonoma he and a companion were then assigned to ride toward bodega bay to obtain arms and powder from american settlers 84 17 jun 1846 general castro and pío pico governor of alta california condemned the takeover 87 18 jun 1846 thomas cowie and george fowler were sent to rancho sotoyome near modern day healdsburg to pick up a cache of gunpowder from moses carson brother of frémont s scout 84 19 jun 1846 the cyane reached monterey 31 days after leaving mazatlán 20 jun 1846 after todd his companion cowie and fowler all failed to return a five man group obtained powder and also learned from a captured californian that cowie and fowler were tortured and murdered by a patrol of california irregulars near santa rosa led by juan padilla and that todd and his companion had been taken prisoner 88 23 jun 1846 50 to 60 men under captain joaquin de la torre traveled to san pablo and crossed the san francisco bay by boat to point san quentin 89 23 jun 1846 led by henry ford about 20 osos rode toward santa rosa to search for the two captives and padilla s men 90 24 jun 1846 the search party captured four californians near san antonio and also found a corral of horses at olompali near the mouth of the petaluma river which they assumed belonged to padilla s group when they approached the ranchhouse they discovered about 50 uniformed californio lancers in addition to padilla s group under the command of captain joaquin de la torre ford s men opened fire from a distance killing one and wounding one todd and his partner escaped while the californios returned to san rafael and the osos went to sonoma the battle of olompali was the only fight of the bear flag republic 91 25 jun 1846 after learning of cowie fowler and ford s patrol frémont and his men rode to sonoma 92 26 jun 1846 frémont ford and a detachment of osos rode south to san rafael but were unable to locate de la torre and his californios 93 27 jun 1846 two additional divisions of general castro s troops with a total of about 100 men arrived at san pablo 89 28 jun 1846 general castro on the other side of san francisco bay sent a boat across to point san pablo with a message for de la torre kit carson granville swift and sam neal rode to the beach to intercept the three unarmed men who came ashore two 20 year old twin brothers and the father of jose berryessa were then murdered in cold blood 28 jun 1846 frémont s men intercepted a messenger with a letter advising castro that de la torre was about to attack sonoma frémont and his forces immediately went there only to find the osos prepared to fire upon them as they approached 29 jun 1846 realizing he had been tricked frémont hurried back to san rafael and sausalito in pursuit of de la torre and his men who had escaped across the bay and joined castro in a retreat to santa clara 94 30 jun 1846 the levant arrived at monterey after sailing from mazatlán via hawaii 68 170 01 jul 1846 sloat sailing from mazatlán aboard the savannah arrived at monterey 75 01 jul 1846 the merchant ship moscow transported frémont and several others from sausalito to castillo de san joaquin an abandoned fort south of the entrance to san francisco bay where they plugged the touch holes of ten rusty cannons 95 02 jul 1846 several osos occupied yerba buena without resistance 95 04 jul 1846 the bear flaggers including frémont and his men celebrated independence day in sonoma 96 04 jul 1846 sloat met with larkin in monterey 75 05 jul 1846 ide s rebels numbered nearly 300 frémont ide and their officers met to discuss strategy frémont announced that a disciplined army was to be formed which he volunteered to command by combining his and the osos forces in order to march south engage castro and any other californians the california battalion as it came to be called combined frémont s original exploring party and over 200 rebels sutter workers and local indians 97 05 jul 1846 sloat received a message from montgomery reporting the events in sonoma and frémont s involvement 98 06 jul 1846 one of the four companies of the california battalion remained in sonoma as the other three left with frémont for the camp near sutter s fort where they planned the campaign against castro and the other californios 99 06 jul 1846 believing frémont to be acting on orders from washington sloat began to carry out his orders 98 07 jul 1846 a landing party demanded the surrender of monterey an artillery officer in charge refused sloat then landed 225 sailors and marines on the beach within minutes the american flag was hoisted the american ships cannons added a 21 gun salute and sloat read his proclamation of the annexation of alta california to the united states a messenger was sent to general castro at san juan bautista requesting his surrender no shots had been fired 100 09 jul 1846 castro answered in the negative 101 09 jul 1846 at 8 00 a m commander john b montgomery with 70 sailors and marines landed at yerba buena raised the american flag and claimed san francisco bay for the united states lt john s missroon read sloat s proclamation no mexican officials were in yerba buena 102 68 171 172 09 jul 1846 later that day lt joseph warren revere repeated this ceremony in sonoma plaza the bear flag was lowered and the american flag was raised in its place the 25 day bear flag republic ended 102 10 jul 1846 at his camp frémont received a message from montgomery on the u s navy s occupation of monterey and yerba buena 102 12 jul 1846 the american flag flew above sutter s fort and bodega bay 103 12 jul 1846 frémont s party including the bear flaggers rode into new helvetia where a letter from sloat awaited them describing the capture of monterey and ordering frémont to bring at least 100 armed men to monterey frémont would bring 160 men 103 15 jul 1846 commodore robert field stockton sailing from honolulu arrived in monterey to replace the 65 year old sloat in command of the pacific squadron on july 23 sloat named stockton commander in chief of all land forces in california and on july 29 transferred his whole command to stockton 104 68 173 16 jul 1846 frémont raised the u s flag over san juan bautista 103 16 jul 1846 governor pico issued a proclamation on the american invasion and a conscription order for mexican citizens which produced about 100 men to join with castro s force 105 19 jul 1846 frémont s party entered monterey frémont met with sloat on board the savannah when sloat learned to his horror that frémont had acted on his own authority without orders or knowledge of war sloat abruptly ended the meeting 106 68 173 23 jul 1846 stockton mustered frémont s party and the former bear flaggers into military service as the naval battalion of mounted volunteer riflemen with frémont in command 107 26 jul 1846 stockton ordered frémont and his battalion to san diego to prepare to move northward to los angeles 108 29 jul 1846 sloat ordered the release of vallejo and the other prisoners at sutter s fort sloat turned command over to stockton and left for home stockton issued a proclamation annexing california to the u s general castro in santa clara subsequently began to move south to los angeles with about 100 men 109 29 jul 1846 the battalion landed and raised the u s flag in san diego 110 late jul 1846 a garrison of stockton s men raised the u s flag at santa barbara 110 01 aug 1846 an ill and much thinner vallejo was released from sutter s fort while in confinement 1000 of his cattle and 600 horses were stolen 111 01 aug 1846 stockton s 360 men arrived in san pedro 110 02 aug 1846 two representatives of castro arrived at stockton s camp with a message expressing castro s willingness to negotiate for peace stockton rejected the terms of the letter 110 07 aug 1846 stockton penned a return message to castro who also rejected its terms including that california cease to be part of mexico 110 09 aug 1846 castro held a war council at la mesa expressed doubts about his forces and wrote a farewell address to the people of california governor pico read castro s message to the legislature in los angeles which then adjourned sine die pico penned an open farewell letter 112 10 aug 1846 castro and 20 men rode toward the colorado river and reached the mexican state of sonora in september pico left to hide out in san juan capistrano for one month and eventually made his way to baja california and sonora 113 12 aug 1846 official notice of the u s declaration of war reached monterey aboard the warren 114 13 aug 1846 stockton s army entered los angeles unopposed 113 17 aug 1846 stockton issued a proclamation announcing that california was now part of the united states 113 22 aug 1846 stockton sent a report to secretary of state bancroft that california is entirely free from mexican dominion 115 02 sep 1846 stockton divided california into three military districts 116 05 sep 1846 stockton his sailors and marines set sail for monterey 116 23 sep 1846 in los angeles 20 california irregulars under militia captain cerbulo varela chafing under archibald gillespie s tyrannical administration of martial law assaulted the barracks of the small u s garrison and were repulsed 117 25 sep 1846 stephen kearny s 300 man force departed from santa fe 118 27 sep 1846 californios skirmished with and captured 24 a...