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aulus cornelius celsus wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life 2 works toggle works subsection 2 1 de medicina 2 2 some online editions 2 3 on agriculture 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents aulus cornelius celsus 38 languages العربية الدارجة مصرى беларуская български català čeština deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español euskara فارسی suomi français furlan galego עברית magyar հայերեն íslenska italiano 日本語 қазақша latina nederlands occitan polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from cornelius celsus roman physician and encyclopaedist c 25 bc c 50 ad for other people named celsus see celsus disambiguation aulus cornelius celsus born c 25 bc died c 50 ad aged roughly 75 occupation encyclopaedist aulus cornelius celsus c 25 bc c 50 ad was a roman encyclopedist known for his extant medical work de medicina on medicine which is believed to be the only surviving section of a much larger encyclopedia the de medicina is a primary source on diet pharmacy surgery and related fields and it is one of the best sources concerning medical knowledge in the roman world the lost portions of his encyclopedia likely included volumes on agriculture law rhetoric and military arts he made contributions to the classification of human skin disorders in dermatology such as myrmecia and his name is often found in medical terminology regarding the skin e g kerion celsi and area celsi 1 his name is said to be referenced in the name paracelsus life edit nothing is known about the life of celsus even his praenomen is uncertain he has been called both aurelius and aulus with the latter being more plausible 2 some incidental expressions in his de medicina suggest that he lived under the reigns of augustus and tiberius which is confirmed by his reference to the greek physician themison as being recently in his old age 3 it is not known with any certainty where he lived he has been identified as the possible dedicator of a gravestone in rome but it has also been supposed that he lived in narbonese gaul because he refers to a species of vine marcum which according to pliny 4 was native to that region 5 it is doubtful whether he practised medicine himself and although celsus seems to describe and recommend his own medical observations sanctioned by experience quintilian says that his volumes included all sorts of literary matters and even agriculture and military tactics 6 works edit de medicina edit main article de medicina an early printed edition of de medicina 16th century aldine press of the numerous volumes of his encyclopedia published before 47 ce only one remains intact his celebrated treatise on medicine de medicina the work s encyclopedic arrangement follows the tripartite division of medicine at the time as established by hippocrates and asclepiades diet pharmacology and surgery 7 it is divided into eight books book 1 the history of medicine includes references to eighty medical authors some of whom are known only through this book 8 book 2 general pathology book 3 specific diseases book 4 parts of the body book 5 and 6 pharmacology book 7 surgery book 8 orthopedics in the prooemium or introduction to de medicina there is an early discussion of the relevance of theory to medical practice and the pros and cons of both animal experimentation and human experimentation celsus discusses for example the case of herophilos and erasistratos who he asserts practised vivisection 9 in the treatment of disease celsus s principal method was to observe and watch over the operations of nature and to regulate rather than oppose them conceiving that fever consisted essentially in an effort of the body to throw off some morbid cause and that if not unduly interfered with the process would terminate in a state of health on occasions however he boldly recommends the use of the scalpel his rules for blood letting and purgatives are laid down with detail and precision 10 and many of the rules he prescribes were not very different from those still in use at the beginning of the 19th century his work contains detailed descriptions of the symptoms and different varieties of fever 11 and he is credited with recording the cardinal signs of inflammation known as celsus tetrad of inflammation calor warmth dolor pain tumor swelling and rubor redness and hyperaemia he goes into great detail regarding the preparation of numerous ancient medicinal remedies including the preparation of opioids in addition he describes many 1st century roman surgical procedures which included removal of a cataract treatment for bladder stones and the setting of fractures celsus wrote on the anatomy of the eye and was the first to call one of its layers the choroid 12 during the twentieth century many historians claimed that celsus believed that the crystalline lens is in the exact center of the eye in fact celsus made no specific statement about the position of the crystalline lens and his graeco roman contemporaries did understand that the lens is located to the front 13 hippocrates used the greek word καρκίνος karkínos crab crayfish to refer to malignant tumors as carcinomas it was celsus who translated the greek term into the latin cancer also meaning crab the first printed edition of celsus work was published in 1478 his style has been much admired as being equal in purity and elegance to that of the best writers of the augustan age some online editions edit in hoc volvmine haec continentvr avrelii cornelii celsi medicinae libri viii qvam emendatissimi graecis etiam omnibvs dictionibvs restitvtis beigefügte werke qvinti sereni liber de medicina et ipse castigatiss accedit index in celsvm et serenvm sane qvam copiosvs ed ioannes baptista egnatius venetiis in aedibvs aldi et andreae asvlani soceri 1528 digital edition of the university and state library düsseldorf aurelii cornelij celsi de arte medica libri octo multis in locis iam emendatiores longè quàm unquam antea editi beigefügte werke accessit quoque rerum verborum in hisce omnibus memorabilium locupletissimus index basileae oporinus 1552 digital edition of the university and state library düsseldorf aur corn celsi de medicina libri octo cum notis integris joannis caesarii roberti constantini josehi scaligeri isaaci casauboni joannis baptistae morgagni ac locis parallelis lugduni batavorum joh arn langerak 1746 digital edition of the university and state library düsseldorf on agriculture edit celsus also wrote a technical work on agriculture on which columella partly based his de re rustica references edit rosenthal t 1961 aulus cornelius celsus his contributions to dermatology arch dermatol 84 4 613 618 doi 10 1001 archderm 1961 01580160077013 traditionally he is called aurelius but aurelius is a clan name not a praenomen hence aulus a common first name among the cornelii has been suggested and has manuscript support the mcgraw hill encyclopedia of world biography 1973 page 448 celsus de medicina praef iii 4 pliny hist nat xiv 32 he has been identified with the dedicator of a gravestone from rome on the other hand the rare name cornelius celsus occurs on a few inscriptions from tarraco and narbo in the part of his work on agriculture celsus mentioned col 3 2 25 a species of vine marcum which according to pliny nat 14 32 is native to narbonese gaul d r langslow 2000 medical latin in the roman empire page 43 oxford university press quintilian xii 11 on medicine de medicina world digital library retrieved 2014 03 01 magill frank northen aves alison 1998 dictionary of world biography taylor francis isbn 9781579580407 retrieved 25 august 2013 preface 23 6 celsus de medicina ii 10 etc celsus de medicina iii 3 etc dolz marco r gallego pinazo r dansingani k k yannuzzi l a 2017 the history of the choroid in j chhablani j ruiz medrano eds choroidal disorders vol 1 5 pp 1 5 academic press https doi org 0 1016 b978 0 12 805313 3 00001 6 leffler ct hadi tm udupa a schwartz sg schwartz d 2016 a medieval fallacy the crystalline lens in the center of the eye clinical ophthalmology 2016 10 649 662 doi 10 2147 opth s100708 pmc 4833360 pmid 27114699 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to aulus cornelius celsus works by aulus cornelius celsus at open library de medicina at lacuscurtius latin original and english translation v t e ancient anaesthesia plants animals aconitum aconite atropa bella donna belladonna cannabis medical use castoreum coca conium hemlock datura innoxia thorn apple datura metel devil s trumpet hyoscyamus niger henbane lactucarium mandragora officinarum mandrake opium saussurea saw wort willow preparations beer wine compounds ethanol medical use aconitine atropine cocaine coniine hyoscine δ9 thc hyoscyamine morphine salicylate people abulcasis avenzoar avicenna celsus dioscorides galen hippocrates rhazes sabuncuoğlu sushrutha theophrastus zhang v t e medicine in ancient rome tools cimolian earth speculum spoon of diocles strigil physicians pedanius dioscorides soranus of ephesus galen asclepiades of bithynia aulus cornelius celsus oribasius muscio philonides antiochis of tlos antonius musa aurelius opilius meges of sidon sextius niger archagathus marcellus empiricus caelius aurelianus cassius felix gessius of petra antyllus criton of heraclea sextus empiricus marcellus of side serenus sammonicus sextus placitus aemilia hilaria quintus gargilius martialis thessalus of tralles albucius arcyon athenaeus of attalia crinas of marseilles damocrates charmis of marseilles scribonius largus andromachus eudemus alcon herodotus medical literature gynaecology de medicina de materia medica galenic corpus medicina plinii roles archiater dentistry in ancient rome disability in ancient rome disease in imperial rome food and diet in ancient medicine gynecology in ancient rome mental illness in ancient rome nutrition in classical antiquity surgery in ancient rome theories dogmatic school empiric school humorism methodic school miasma theory pneumatic school religion febris vejovis plagues antonine plague cyprian plague category authority control databases international isni viaf 2 3 gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data italy czech republic spain portugal netherlands norway 2 greece sweden poland vatican israel catalonia croatia academics cinii people trove deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title aulus_cornelius_celsus oldid 1378698963 categories silver age latin writers ancient roman writers 1st century roman medical doctors cornelii ancient roman encyclopedists 1st century writers in latin 20s bc births 50s deaths ancient surgeons hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with hcards commons category link is on wikidata open library id different from wikidata articles with open library links year of birth uncertain year of death uncertain this page was last edited on 5 october 2026 at 19 09 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents aulus cornelius celsus 38 languages add topic