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n 12 13 under the reign of sultan muhammad makakua who while being the nominal sultan of maguindanao was at this point under complete spanish vassalage roads and wharves were built in cotabato specifically where the tamontaka river was situated forests were felled and cleared by the new catholic tiruray converts of tamontaka to make way for the expansion of the newly established town 14 in 1871 the capital of the spanish military district of mindanao was moved from zamboanga to cotabato only to be moved back previously the next year when a destructive earthquake ravaged the town 15 following the spanish evacuation in jan 1899 datu piang led the moro s in a massacre of the remaining christian community enslaving those they did not kill 16 529 530 americans arrived in mindanao in 1900 after the spanish american war ended in 1898 cotabato town was part of moro province and of department of mindanao and sulu from 1903 to 1920 when the empire province of cotabato disputed discuss referred to as moroland by the americans was founded with the town as the capital with datu piang as its first governor 7 cotabato edit several towns were carved off from cotabato town since the year 1913 with pikit being the first one founded by cebuano christian colonists dulawan now datu piang maguindanao del sur and midsayap were incorporated as regular municipalities in 1936 in 1942 at the beginning of the pacific front of world war ii the japanese imperial forces entered what is now the maguindanao del norte and maguindanao del sur provinces in 1945 maguindanao was liberated by allied philippine commonwealth troops and muslim maguindanaoan guerrilla units after defeating the japanese imperial forces in the battle of maguindanao during the second world war 7 on august 18 1947 just two years after the second world war and a year after the official inauguration of philippine independence the number of towns in the gigantic cotabato province were multiplied by executive order no 82 signed by president manuel roxas namely kidapawan pagalungan buayan marbel parang nuling dinaig salaman buluan kiamba and cabacan a total of eleven 11 towns added to the previous four towns the newly founded towns of kabuntalan pikit conversion as regular municipality and glan added up on september 30 1949 more and more newly created towns added up in the province s number of towns as the province entered the second half of the 20th century 7 cityhood edit main article cities of the philippines former flag of cotabato city the city was chartered when president carlos p garcia signed into law the republic act no 2364 on june 20 1959 authored then by senator salipada k pendatun 17 under the said charter the city was politically sibdivided into five 5 barangays namely poblacion rosary heights bagua kalanganan and tamontaka in 1989 the existing barangays were split up which resulted into 32 more barangays presently the city has 37 barangays the city used to be part of the original province of cotabato and was its capital from 1920 until 1967 a year after the separation of south cotabato since then the city was the administrative center of the armm when maguindanao was carved out in 1973 however the city broke off administratively from maguindanao as it rejoined soccsksargen in the 1990s now many sources consider the city as part of the present cotabato province although geographically it is still considered part of maguindanao del norte 7 inclusion in the bangsamoro region edit the city has traditionally resisted efforts for its inclusion to the autonomous region in muslim mindanao despite serving as the government center of the region despite this the city s residents voted for their locality s inclusion in the new bangsamoro autonomous region by voting to ratify the bangsamoro organic law in the january 21 2019 plebiscite 18 the city became de jure part of bangsamoro following the plebiscite as well as the government center of the new region it became official part of the region after its formal turnover to the bangsamoro regional government on december 15 2020 19 geography edit cotabato is approximately 698 9 nautical miles 1 294 4 kilometres from manila the country s capital and is bounded by the municipalities of sultan kudarat to the north with rio grande de mindanao pulangi river separating the two kabuntalan to the east and datu odin sinsuat to the south the city faces illana bay part of the moro gulf to the west cotabato city has a total land area of 176 0 square kilometres 68 0 sq mi located at the mouth of the rio grande de mindanao and pulangi river 20 urban areas edit pedro colina hill cotabato city has 27 urban barangays that are grouped into two major urban areas the down town area and the upper town area down town area the downtown area encompasses the barangays of poblacion and bagua with a population exceeding 150 000 situated below sea level it faces constant flooding risks serving as cotabato city s central hub for banking trading and commerce it hosts over 20 banks and major wet markets like mega market and city arcade additionally prominent malls and supermarkets such as south seas mall puregold main branch sugni super store and superama with 3 branches are situated here along with kcc mall of cotabato notable educational institutions include notre dame university cotabato city central pilot school the largest elementary school sti cotabato and notre dame of cotabato upper town area the upper town area situated in the elevated regions of cotabato city encompasses all barangays of rosary heights and is home to the peoples palace city hall serving as the service center of cotabato city it houses regional government agencies from both the bangsamoro region and region 12 additionally it is home to cotabato regional and medical center along with other medical facilities educational institutions in this area include cotabato state university notre dame rvm and ama computer college as well as the now closed university of mindanao major shopping destinations include citymall mall of alnor and fiesta mall two other emerging areas include barangays of kalanganan where the seaport and grand mosque are situated the primary industry here revolves around aquaculture with proposed developments for a public market and public terminal additionally construction of a coastal road is underway in this area another burgeoning area is the barangays of tamontaka slated for the establishment of an international airport tamontaka also serves as the eastern diversion road of cotabato city topography edit the city is situated in the lowest portion of maguindanao del norte the city of cotabato with its 37 barangays spans an area with marked landscapes of flat level to nearly level very gently sloping to gently undulations to moderately sloping or rolling it is basically a delta formed by two big rivers the tamontaka river and the rio grande de mindanao basically 70 of its total land area is below sea level there are only 2 existing elevated areas in the city the pc hill and the timako hill with an altitude of 90 and 150 feet respectively at the foot of pc hill is tantawan park and also hosts the kutang bato caves concentration of settlements and other urban uses are in the central portion while the southwestern and southeastern portion have mixed uses of agricultural land settlements the city is criss crossed by meandering and braided creeks and rivers like the matampay parang timako esteros and miwaruy these water bodies serve as sources of both agricultural industrial and domestic water requirements of some rural barangays these rivers also serve as the natural drainage flow of the city s wastes barangays edit cotabato city is politically subdivided into 37 barangays 21 22 each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios currently there are 27 urban barangays as classified by philippine statistics authority highlighted in bold bagua mother bagua i bagua ii bagua iii kalanganan mother kalanganan i kalanganan ii poblacion mother poblacion i poblacion ii poblacion iii poblacion iv poblacion v poblacion vi poblacion vii poblacion viii poblacion ix rosary heights mother rosary heights i rosary heights ii rosary heights iii rosary heights iv rosary heights v rosary heights vi rosary heights vii rosary heights viii rosary heights ix rosary heights x rosary heights xi rosary heights xii rosary heights xiii tamontaka mother tamontaka i tamontaka ii tamontaka iii tamontaka iv tamontaka v climate edit under the köppen climate classification system cotabato city features a tropical rainforest climate af with consistently hot humid and wet weather year round there is a drier season from january to february but unlike western luzon rainfall is still over 80 millimetres or 3 inches in every month climate data for cotabato city 1991 2020 extremes 1986 2023 month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 36 8 98 2 37 3 99 1 37 9 100 2 38 6 101 5 38 6 101 5 36 7 98 1 36 8 98 2 36 5 97 7 36 3 97 3 36 4 97 5 36 6 97 9 36 2 97 2 38 6 101 5 mean daily maximum c f 32 6 90 7 33 1 91 6 33 6 92 5 34 0 93 2 33 4 92 1 32 5 90 5 32 2 90 0 32 3 90 1 32 4 90 3 32 4 90 3 32 9 91 2 32 8 91 0 32 9 91 2 daily mean c f 27 7 81 9 28 0 82 4 28 4 83 1 28 8 83 8 28 3 82 9 27 7 81 9 27 4 81 3 27 6 81 7 27 6 81 7 27 7 81 9 27 9 82 2 27 9 82 2 27 9 82 2 mean daily minimum c f 22 8 73 0 23 0 73 4 23 3 73 9 23 5 74 3 23 2 73 8 22 8 73 0 22 7 72 9 22 8 73 0 22 9 73 2 22 9 73 2 23 0 73 4 22 9 73 2 23 0 73 4 record low c f 18 9 66 0 20 8 69 4 21 0 69 8 21 0 69 8 21 0 69 8 20 5 68 9 20 6 69 1 20 5 68 9 20 8 69 4 20 8 69 4 20 7 69 3 20 0 68 0 18 9 66 0 average rainfall mm inches 88 5 3 48 94 8 3 73 117 4 4 62 140 6 5 54 252 9 9 96 312 9 12 32 314 9 12 40 239 1 9 41 251 9 9 92 278 9 10 98 189 9 7 48 132 5 5 22 2 414 3 95 05 average rainy days 0 1 mm 10 9 10 10 16 19 19 15 16 16 14 11 165 average relative humidity 76 75 74 74 75 77 77 77 77 77 76 76 76 source pagasa 23 24 demographics edit population census of cotabato city year pop p a 1903 1 103 1918 5 870 11 79 1939 10 166 2 65 1948 20 407 8 05 1960 37 499 5 20 1970 61 184 5 01 1975 67 097 1 87 1980 83 871 4 56 year pop p a 1990 127 065 4 24 1995 146 779 2 74 2000 163 849 2 39 2007 259 153 6 53 2010 271 786 1 75 2015 299 438 1 86 2020 325 079 1 74 2024 383 383 4 04 source philippine statistics authority 25 26 27 28 29 the majority of the inhabitants of cotabato city are maguindanaons comprising about 50 of the city s population there are sizable ethnic populations of cebuanos 14 tagalogs 9 7 iranuns 7 hiligaynons 5 6 bisaya 2 7 and chinese 2 the remainder of the population belongs to other ethnicities e g tausug teduray ilocano maranao and indian 30 language edit maguindanaon is widely understood and spoken in cotabato city being the native language of the maguindanaon and some other ethnicities in the city could also speak and understand it the related danao languages of iranun and maranao are spoken by residents of the corresponding ethnicities other moro languages such as tausug sama and yakan are also spoken in the city the main lingua franca is tagalog making cotabato city the tagalog speaking city of mindanao it is the only place outside luzon that is predominantly tagalog speaking soccsksargen tagalog a mindanao based tagalog dialect is also spoken in the city chavacano ilonggo ilocano and cebuano are spoken as well by the various christian minorities of the city chavacano has its own dialect in the city called cotabateño but it was replaced by tagalog as the lingua franca which reduced the number of native chavacano speakers classical arabic is often heard at mosques and madrasas as the sacred language of islam religion edit crmc mosque displaying traditional maguindanao architecture as reported by philippine statistics authority psa on 2015 76 of the people of cotabato city are adherents of sunni islam 31 the followers of islam are mainly maguindanaon iranun maranao and tausug the remaining proportion belong to non islamic belief such as catholicism buddhism and other sects cotabato city also hosts the largest mosque in the philippines the sultan haji hassanal bolkiah masjid which can accommodate approximately 15 000 worshippers 32 cotabato city is also the seat of the archdiocese of cotabato which serves its christian population 33 the city also hosts the historic church of the immaculate concepcion tamontaka festivals religious of origin are also held in the city annually such as the shariff kabunsuan festival which is dedicated to sharif kabungsuwan a muslim missionary who introduced islam in the area 34 the feast of the immaculate conception is also observed since the immaculate conception is regarded as the patron saint of the city by its catholic population government edit cotabato city hall drone shot in bangsamoro government center cotabato city elected officials 2025 present 35 mayor bruce dela cruz matabalao ubjp vice mayor johair madag ubjp city councilors popoy formento ubjp kap jonas mohammad ubjp datu raiz sema ubjp michael datumanong ubjp atty anwar malang ubjp faidz edzla ubjp guiadzuri midtimbang ii ubjp mohamad ali mangelen ubjp joven pangilan ubjp shalimar candao ubjp list of former chief executives edit justino marquez first municipal president 1912 1914 jose heras second municipal president 1913 1932 jose s lim sr third municipal president 1932 1937 1935 philippine constitution aurelio casanova 1937 1938 appointed alejandro doroteo the first elected mayor in the municipality of cotabato under the 1935 philippine constitution 1938 1941 jose s lim sr second elected municipal mayor 1941 1944 pacifico gutierrez military mayor 1944 1945 datu mando u sinsuat 1947 1951 municipality 1952 november 16 1967 city andres alonzo 1946 v1950 teodoro v juliano november 17 1967 february 2 1975 march 1980 march 1984 juan j ty february 3 1975 february 28 1980 won electoral protest against teodoro v juliano march 5 1984 march 30 1986 ludovico d badoy march 30 1986 december 2 1987 may 1988 1992 1992 1995 1995 1998 officer in charge arthur p bueno december 1987 february 1988 lydia mercado february 1988 may 1988 muslimin sema january 1998 2001 2001 2004 2004 2007 2007 2010 rodel m mañara won thru electoral protest against muslimin sema january 2001 march 2001 japal guiani jr may 2010 june 30 2013 june 30 2013 to may 30 2016 may 30 2016 september 22 2016 deceased cynthia guiani sayadi september 22 2016 may 13 2019 law of succession may 13 2019 june 30 2022 economy edit poverty incidence of cotabato city 10 20 30 40 50 2000 36 10 2003 41 42 2006 34 41 2009 34 01 2012 44 28 2015 48 72 2018 42 01 2021 31 30 source philippine statistics authority 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 cotabato city serves as the commercial industrial financial educational healthcare and regional center of the bangsamoro region and central mindanao situated strategically at the heart of mindanao the city boasts road links and public transport connectivity to all maj...