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counterattack wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 analyzing historical counterattacks toggle analyzing historical counterattacks subsection 1 1 operation bagration 1 2 battle of austerlitz 1 3 battle of st vith 2 see also 3 notes and references 4 bibliography 5 further reading toggle the table of contents counterattack 31 languages العربية беларуская български bosanski کوردی čeština чӑвашла español فارسی suomi français עברית hrvatski հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english shqip türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia tactic employed in response to an attack for other uses see counterattack disambiguation closing the falaise argentan pocket and the mortain counterattack 6 17 august 1944 map of the battle of cambrai german counter offensive a counterattack is a tactic employed in response to an attack with the term originating in war games 1 the general objective is to negate or thwart the advantage gained by the enemy during attack while the specific objectives typically seek to regain lost ground or destroy the attacking enemy this may take the form of an opposing sports team or military units 1 2 3 a counter offensive is a broad scale counterattack the counter offensive is executed after exhausting the enemy s frontline troops and after the enemy reserves had been committed to combat and proven incapable of breaching defenses but before the enemy has had the opportunity to assume new defensive positions sometimes the counter offensive can be of a more limited operational maneuver nature with more limited objectives rather than those seeking attainment of a strategic goal a counter offensive was considered by clausewitz to be the most efficient means of forcing the attacker to abandon offensive plans 4 counter offensives can be executed not only on land but also by the naval and air forces 5 strategic counter offensives have been recorded by military historians in many wars throughout military history although not always known as such because they are usually described by historians in conjunction with the defensive phase such as the battle of moscow a saying attributed to napoleon bonaparte illustrates the tactical importance of the counterattack the greatest danger occurs at the moment of victory in the same spirit in his battle studies ardant du pic noticed that he general or mere captain who employs every one in the storming of a position can be sure of seeing it retaken by an organised counter attack of four men and a corporal 6 a counterattack is a military tactic that occurs when one side successfully fends off the enemy s attack and begins to push the enemy back with an attack of its own in order to perform a successful counterattack the defending side must quickly and decisively strike the enemy after defending with the objective of shocking and overwhelming the enemy 7 the main concept of the counterattack is to catch the enemy by surprise 7 many historical counterattacks were successful because the enemy was off guard and not expecting the counterattack 7 analyzing historical counterattacks edit in the past many notable counterattacks have changed the course of a war specifically operation bagration and the battle of austerlitz are good examples of the proper execution of a counterattack operation bagration edit this map shows the point of attack during operation bagration and how the counterattack was executed operation bagration is one of the largest counteroffensives in military history in the summer of 1944 the assault made up of roughly 1 7 million red army soldiers succeeded in putting the red army on the offensive on the eastern front as well as recapturing a large portion of the soviet union territory that nazi germany had captured 3 years prior in the summer of 1941 during operation barbarossa the soviet counterattack focused on belorussia but prior to the counterattack starting the soviet union fooled nazi military leaders into believing that the attack would take place further south near ukraine 8 to aid the deception the red army established fake army camps in ukraine and after german reconnaissance planes reported soviet troop concentrations in the area panzer and infantry divisions were rushed south from belorussia leaving it vulnerable to a major assault to support the attack partisan groups in german controlled territory were instructed to destroy german railroads to hamper german efforts to transport supplies and troops throughout the occupied territories and further weaken german army group centre in ukraine 8 on 22 june 1944 the attack on belarus by 1 7 million soviet troops began and overwhelmed the depleted german defenders on 3 july the red army captured minsk and later the rest of belorussia operation bagration was a huge soviet success and opened a direct route to berlin after the fall of belorussia leading to the red army beginning to take over the territory that had been taken by the wehrmacht three years before 8 battle of austerlitz edit map depicting the famous counterattack that took place at the battle of austerlitz in 1805 another military battle that utilized the counterattack tactic was the battle of austerlitz on 2 december 1805 while fighting the austrian and russian armies napoleon purposely made it seem as if his men were weak from the fighting in several cases 9 napoleon had his men retreat in an attempt to lure the allies to battle 9 he purposely left his right flank open and vulnerable 9 this deceived the allies into attacking and the allies fell into napoleon s trap 9 when the allied troops went to attack napoleon s right flank napoleon quickly filled up the right flank so the attack was not effective 9 however on the allied side a large gap was left open in the middle of the allied front line due to troops leaving to attack the french right flank 9 noticing the large hole in the middle of the allied lines napoleon attacked the middle and had his forces also flank around both sides eventually surrounding the allies 9 with the allies completely surrounded the battle was over 9 the battle of austerlitz was a successful counterattack because the french army defended off the allied attack and quickly defeated the allies 9 napoleon deceived the allies 9 he made his men seem weak and near defeat 9 battle of st vith edit the battle of st vith was part of the battle of the bulge which began on 16 december 1944 and represented the right flank in the advance of the german center 5th panzer armee armored army toward the ultimate objective of antwerp given the task of countering the german advance us general bruce c clarke decided that a mobile defense was the best solution knowing that the german army was aiming for an objective far behind the battle line he decided that they could afford to lose a few kilometers a day the idea being that a slowing down of the advance was as good as stopping them outright since the germans were limited by time citation needed the mobile defense he used at st vith involved the use of m36 tank destroyers acting as a base of fire to resist the oncoming german armored thrust slowing them down enough to then counter attack them with a force of m4 sherman tanks artillery and infantry were involved in this process as a combined arms force the key was not to engage the germans in a pitched battle but to slow their advance enough to ruin their offensive timetable the counter attacks ensured that the german forces could not break through the slowly retreating forces clarke s success was one of the first times armor had been used in a mobile defense citation needed see also edit cult of the offensive battleplan documentary tv series notes and references edit 1 2 staff counterdeception dtic online defense technical information center archived from the original on 28 september 2012 retrieved 13 june 2012 year unknown tom cohen 19 december 2010 mcconnell leads gop counter attack against start pact cable news network turner broadcasting system inc retrieved 13 june 2012 tim vickery 27 july 2011 uruguay s momentum paraguay s bumpy road more copa america si com turner broadcasting system inc retrieved 13 june 2012 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link p 540 briggs counter air operations pdf united states air force 6 september 2019 archived pdf from the original on 5 august 2021 retrieved 24 may 2023 ardant du picq battle studies 1 2 3 pike john a view on counterattacks in the defensive scheme of maneuver globalsecurity org retrieved 9 april 2017 1 2 3 glantz mary e 2016 battle for belorussia the red army s forgotten campaign of october 1943 april 1944 university press of kansas isbn 9780700623297 oclc 947149001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 robert goetz 1 january 2005 1805 austerlitz napoleon and the destruction of the third coalition stackpole books isbn 1853676446 oclc 260090494 bibliography edit briggs clarence e ed translated by oliver l spaulding roots of strategy 3 military classics von leeb s defense von freytag loringhoven s the power of personality in war erfurth s surprise stackpole books 1991 department of defense us dictionary of military and associated terms published by united states government printing office washington dc retrieved 13 october 2008 further reading edit bruce schneier 2003 beyond fear springer pp 173 175 isbn 9780387026206 glover s johns 2002 the clay pigeons of st lo stackpole books pp 174 175 isbn 9780811726047 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title counterattack oldid 1371131788 categories military tactics military terminology hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from june 2026 cs1 maint deprecated archival service all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from april 2021 this page was last edited on 24 august 2026 at 19 53 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents counterattack 31 languages add topic