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coup belt wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 origin 2 history 3 list of coup belt countries 4 references toggle the table of contents coup belt 19 languages afrikaans беларуская বাংলা dansk deutsch esperanto español فارسی français bahasa indonesia italiano 한국어 português русский simple english shqip türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia geopolitical neologism for an african region geopolitical concept in africa coup belt geopolitical concept african countries in the coup belt continent africa subregion sahel west africa and central africa countries burkina faso chad gabon guinea guinea bissau mali niger sudan the coup belt french ceinture de coups d état portuguese cinturão golpista arabic حزام الانقلابات is a modern geopolitical concept and neologism which emerged during the 2020s to describe the region of west africa central africa and the sahel that is home to countries with a high prevalence of coups d état 1 2 3 4 following the 2023 nigerien coup these countries form a continuous chain stretching between the east and west coasts of africa 5 the coups have largely been similar in nature most came from dissatisfied militaries who criticised their respective government s handling of islamic insurgents or protests since 2003 5 resentment over french military financial and political influence over african governments has also played a role 6 the incoming juntas tend to have worse relations with the west with many seeking support from russia and the wagner group turkey or qatar and the arab league instead of france citation needed which previously helped the countries fight against islamic insurgents through operation barkhane this has led ukraine which is at war with russia to fund opposition groups which in turn has caused a proxy war between russia and ukraine in africa 7 8 origin edit the number of successful coups d état in postcolonial africa as of 28 september 2023 9 human development index hdi of african countries with the coup belt outlined in red gabon is sometimes included following the 2023 coup except gabon every country in the coup belt has an hdi below 0 600 indicating low human development although likely older 10 11 the term became popular in the 2020s after a string of coups in the early part of the decade including in mali in 2020 and 2021 12 chad 5 guinea 13 and sudan 14 in 2021 two in burkina faso in 2022 in january and september 15 16 in niger and gabon in 2023 and guinea bissau in 2025 17 18 the region also saw attempted coups in niger and sudan in 2021 guinea bissau and the gambia in 2022 sudan sierra leone and burkina faso in 2023 benin in 2025 and niger in 2026 however some of these are not seen as part of the coup belt and while the 2025 malagasy coup d état succeeded it is not considered part of the coup belt 19 history edit since 1990 21 of the 27 coups in sub saharan africa have taken place in former french colonies this has led some to question whether french influence in africa has a destabilising impact 20 21 the military juntas of burkina faso mali and niger have vocally expressed this sentiment often accusing france of neo colonial ambitions 22 23 24 each cancelling military agreements that allowed french troops to operate on their territory ordering their withdrawal and removing french as an official language 25 26 27 28 the economic community of west african states ecowas which currently and formerly comprised states within the belt has tried to actively work on changing the label associated with the region but has been unsuccessful the regional bloc suspended mali after its coup in 2021 29 and also suspended guinea on 8 september 2021 shortly after a military coup took place in the country 30 31 the three members of the alliance of sahel states were suspended before ultimately withdrawing from ecowas in 2023 citation needed considering only the subregion of west africa the 2020 coup d état in mali occurred after a period of nearly six years since the 2014 burkina faso uprising and the ousting of burkina faso s president blaise compaoré during which there was not a single undemocratic change of government in west africa 32 for this subregion where many countries have a history of civil war and violent conflict this was a period of remarkable stability during which ecowas even managed to find a peaceful resolution to the 2016 2017 gambian constitutional crisis the 2023 gabonese coup d état was somewhat different as gabon was ruled for 56 years by the bongo family before the coup is not near or part of the sahel and did not suffer from islamist or separatist insurgencies the gabonese coup occurred in the context of widespread protests over the conduct of the 2023 gabonese general election it led to the establishment of a presidential republic under a military junta 33 list of coup belt countries edit see also list of coups and coup attempts since 2010 africa the following list includes countries described as part of the coup belt along with their respective successful coups in the 2020s in order of the first successful coup country event sources mali august 2020 malian coup d état 5 34 35 may 2021 malian coup d état chad april 2021 protests in chad 5 35 36 guinea september 2021 guinean coup d état 5 34 35 sudan october 2021 sudanese coup d état 5 34 35 burkina faso january 2022 burkina faso coup d état 5 34 35 september 2022 burkina faso coup d état niger july 2023 nigerien coup d état 5 34 35 gabon august 2023 gabonese coup d état 34 37 guinea bissau november 2025 guinea bissau coup d état 35 38 references edit mekki elmograbi 7 september 2021 guinea joins the african club of the coup belt bl news suleiman muhammad dan 24 september 2021 towards a better understanding of the underlying conditions of coups in africa e international relations retrieved 13 september 2023 africa s coup belt facing further upheaval arab news 2 february 2022 onuah felix 5 december 2022 west african leaders plan peacekeeping force to counter coup belt reputation reuters retrieved 13 september 2023 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 walsh declan 29 july 2023 coast to coast a corridor of coups brings turmoil in africa the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved 30 july 2023 usman abubakar 28 september 2023 france has become the common denominator behind africa s recent coups firoz lalij institute for africa at london school of economics retrieved 12 october 2024 butenko victoria elbagir nima mezzofiore gianluca qiblawi tamara goodwin allegra carey andrew munsi pallabi zene mahamat tahir arvanitidis barbara platt alex baron mark lauren kent 19 september 2023 exclusive ukraine s special services likely behind strikes on wagner backed forces in sudan a ukrainian military source says cnn archived from the original on 11 october 2023 retrieved 19 september 2023 walker shaun 29 july 2024 ukraine military intelligence claims role in deadly wagner ambush in mali the guardian issn 0261 3077 retrieved 30 july 2024 duzor megan williamson brian 2 february 2022 by the numbers coups in africa voice of america retrieved 1 august 2023 explainer niger a linchpin for stability in africa s coup belt the guardian 27 july 2023 issn 0261 3077 retrieved 2 september 2023 dyer gwynne 7 february 2022 opinion the return of africa s military coup belt bangor daily news retrieved 2 september 2023 after two coups mali needs regional support to bolster democracy united states institute of peace archived from the original on 9 december 2021 retrieved 28 july 2023 duncan timothyna afua 16 december 2021 why a coup in guinea was felt around the world cnbc retrieved 28 july 2023 sudan s coup one year later council on foreign relations retrieved 28 july 2023 a timeline of the coup in burkina faso since january 2022 the hindu 3 october 2022 issn 0971 751x retrieved 28 july 2023 burkina faso s coup and political situation all you need to know al jazeera 5 october 2022 retrieved 28 july 2023 niger s bazoum held by guards in apparent coup attempt al jazeera 26 july 2023 archived from the original on 27 july 2023 retrieved 27 july 2023 dixon gary 30 august 2023 gabon closes shipping down after post election coup tradewinds archived from the original on 30 august 2023 retrieved 30 august 2023 https abcnews go com international wirestory guinea bissau marks coup africa military takeovers 127924552 mbulle nziege leonard cheeseman nic 6 august 2023 niger coup is france to blame for coups in west africa bbc news retrieved 6 august 2023 aina folahanmi 17 august 2023 french mistakes helped create africa s coup belt al jazeera retrieved 3 august 2026 burkina faso cuts diplomatic ties with former colonial ruler france le monde 27 june 2026 retrieved 3 august 2026 mali heads in the wrong direction civicus lens 13 may 2024 retrieved 3 august 2026 dinc bilal donmez umit 5 february 2022 exclusive interview malian premier says france responsible for mali s security situation economic woes anadolu agency retrieved 3 august 2026 ndiaga thiam 20 february 2023 burkina faso marks official end of french military operations on its soil reuters retrieved 6 august 2023 last french troops leave mali ending nine year deployment al jazeera 16 august 2023 retrieved 13 september 2023 avi yonah shera 4 august 2023 mali demotes french language of its former colonizer in symbolic move the washington post issn 0190 8286 retrieved 6 august 2023 france to close niger embassy after row with military junta bbc news 22 december 2023 retrieved 22 december 2023 ecowas suspends mali over second coup in nine months al jazeera 31 may 2021 retrieved 12 september 2021 samb saliou eboh camillus inveen cooper 9 september 2021 heritage timothy orlofsky steve pullin richard eds west african leaders due in guinea as post coup calm pervades conakry reuters retrieved 9 september 2021 west african leaders suspend guinea from ecowas following coup bbc news 9 september 2021 retrieved 9 september 2021 ecowas dilemma balancing principles and pragmatism nordic africa institute policy note 2024 1 retrieved 11 april 2024 obangome gerauds wilfried 30 august 2023 gabonese military officers announce on television they have seized power reuters retrieved 30 august 2023 1 2 3 4 5 6 day christopher khisa moses 2025 rejoinder to eunice akullo s review of rethinking civil military relations in africa beyond the coup d etat civil wars 27 1 taylor francis 227 229 doi 10 1080 13698249 2024 2409509 retrieved 9 december 2025 this so called coup belt includes eight successful military interventions in gabon august 2023 niger july 2023 sudan october 2021 guinea september 2021 two in burkina faso january and september 2022 and two in mali august 2020 and may 2021 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 chin john j 2026 the expanding sahel coup belt current history 125 871 university of california press 193 198 doi 10 1525 curh 2026 125 871 193 retrieved 8 may 2026 chris ewokor christy cooney 5 january 2025 chad foils attempt to destabilise country minister bbc retrieved 10 december 2025 chad is also part of a region stretching across africa that has become known as the coup belt following a succession of military coups since 2020 including in mali niger burkina faso and sudan ola temitope peter 2026 understanding the re emergence of military rule in the coup belt africa review 18 2 brill publishers 117 134 doi 10 1163 09744061 bja10350 retrieved 8 may 2026 katarina hoije ekow dontoh 2 december 2025 expanding coup belt spotlights west africa s paper tiger bloomberg news retrieved 9 december 2025 guinea bissau is another notch in africa s coup belt and a headache for regional leaders portals africa politics retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title coup_belt oldid 1377967582 categories central africa west africa sahel geopolitical terminology anti french sentiment 2020s in politics belt regions coups d état in africa 2020s neologisms democratic backsliding geographical neologisms hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from august 2023 pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates articles containing french language text articles containing portuguese language text articles containing arabic language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2026 articles with unsourced statements from august 2026 this page was last edited on 2 october 2026 at 04 26 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents coup belt 19 languages add topic