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porcelain crabs have a similar appearance all have convergently evolved through the process of carcinisation to the crab body form and way of life crabs are thus not a single taxonomic group or clade but are polyphyletic 34 35 36 37 many crabs can run swiftly sideways crabwise though others walk forwards 38 and some can swim 39 the carcinised body form is defined by keiler and colleagues 2014 as having the following attributes 1 the carapace is flatter than it is broad and possesses lateral margins the sternites are fused into a wide sternal plastron which possesses a distinct emargination on its posterior margin the pleon is flattened and strongly bent in dorsal view completely hiding the tergites of the fourth pleonal segment and partially or completely covers the plastron crab body plan its adaptations illustrated by comparison with a lobster undersides shown interactions with humans edit see also human uses of arthropods fisheries and food edit further information crab fisheries and crab meat crabs make up some 20 of all marine crustaceans caught farmed and consumed worldwide amounting to 1 5 million tonnes annually one species the asian blue crab portunus trituberculatus accounts for one fifth of that total other commercially important taxa include portunus pelagicus several species in the genus chionoecetes the blue crab callinectes sapidus charybdis spp cancer pagurus the dungeness crab metacarcinus magister and scylla serrata each of which yields more than 20 000 tonnes annually 40 crab fisheries small scale crab fishing commercial king crab traps awaiting the crabbing season crab boat in the bering sea hauling in a crab trap in western europe much of the crab meat is from the brown crab cancer pagurus noted for its sweet delicate flavour the united kingdom hosts significant fisheries of this species with major operations in scotland and the south west of england 41 dressed crab is a traditional seafood meal in british cuisine made of the meat of the brown crab served in its own shell 42 in north america there are commercial fisheries for the blue crab callinectes sapidus along the atlantic coast of the united states and in the gulf of mexico the fishery was centered on the chesapeake bay but other places are increasing in importance 43 crab cakes are traditionally made from chesapeake bay crabs 44 45 in goa and mozambique crab curry is a typical dish flavoured with chilis garlic coconut and spices 46 in ishikawa prefecture japan both the meat and the eggs of the snow crab are served as sushi in wintertime the male is known as kano gani the female as kobako gani the short fishing season for the females makes kobako gani sushi a rare delicacy 47 dishes made with crab dressed crab with salad and marie rose sauce crab cakes with sweet potato fries coleslaw and tartar sauce goan style crab curry kobako gani sushi with snow crab meat and eggs in culture edit see also arthropods in culture both the constellation cancer and the astrological sign cancer are named after the crab and depicted as such 48 in greek mythology karkinos was a crab that came to the aid of the lernaean hydra as it battled the hero heracles 49 the crab is at best a secondary character in the myth and sometimes omitted altogether this has been explained by the suggestion that it was introduced into the myth by mesopotamian influence as astrologers tried to associate the labours of hercules with the twelve signs of the zodiac 50 51 mythology and astrology the crab karkinos attacking herakles as he fights the lernaean hydra attic lekythos pot the diosphos painter 500 475 bc the constellation of cancer the crab from urania s mirror c 1825 crabs have appeared in art since ancient times in many different media the moche people of ancient peru worshipped nature especially the sea 52 and often depicted crabs in their art 53 among the many later representations the german artist albrecht dürer made a meticulous painting of the crab eriphia verrucosa in 1495 since the species lives on the adriatic coast he likely painted the animal when he visited venice 54 quite a different artistic portrayal is the monumental crab table setting charger created by the barbizet studio that made glazed earthenware pottery between 1850 and 1890 55 in china gao qipei 1672 1734 painted crabs and chrysanthemums in ink and light watercolour on paper 56 in panama the guna people of the san blas islands make mola appliqué blouse panels decorated with motifs such as crabs from the waters of the caribbean 57 in different media through the centuries crab by albrecht dürer gouache and watercolour on paper germany 1495 crabs and chrysanthemums gao qipei ink and light colour on paper china 18th century charger attributed to the barbizet studio glazed earthenware c 1850 mola appliqué blouse panel nulanega island panama 20th century one of rudyard kipling s just so stories the crab that played with the sea tells the story of a gigantic crab who made the waters of the sea go up and down like the tides 58 the paleontologist richard fortey has identified kipling s giant crab as a horseshoe crab 59 in malay mythology ocean tides were believed to be caused by water rushing in and out of a hole in the navel of the seas pusat tasek where there sits a gigantic crab which twice a day gets out in order to search for food 60 illustration for the crab that played with the sea in just so stories rudyard kipling 1902 as pets edit hermit crabs are commonly kept as pets and used in the marine aquarium trade 2 a popular species is the caribbean hermit crab coenobita clypeatus they can live for 30 years in captivity if their requirements including simulating a coastal rainforest are met the size of tank must be substantial there must be a substrate of sand and coconut fibre that they can dig in to facilitate moulting the temperature and humidity of the air must be controlled a pool of fresh water and a pool of correctly formulated salt water are both necessary 61 hermit crabs in an aquarium meme edit the zoologist joanna wolfe writing in scientific american notes a popular meme which jokes that crabs are the ultimate forms 62 of life as everything will eventually evolve into a crab 62 sara kiley watson writing in popular science comments that the joke comes from an actual truth that decapods span multiple crab like groups including the true crabs but not limited to them 63 wolfe explains that the meme parodies the genuine process of carcinisation which has taken place in at least five different groups of decapods but that the process does not apply to humans or other animals 62 the evolutionary palaeobiologist matthew wills comments that all the crabs are decapods and the evolutionary pressures apply in a marine environment where defence living in crevices and being wave swept favour armoured protection a broad compact body and the ability to scuttle sideways 64 decapods have repeatedly evolved a crablike body form under the pressures of predation and wave action a broad low body an armoured carapace and the ability to scuttle sideways into a rock crevice all work well in a marine environment this does not mean that all animals will evolve the same adaptations as the crab meme wrongly suggests 64 references edit 1 2 3 4 jonas keiler stefan richter christian s wirkner 2014 evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs crustacea decapoda anomala an insight into carcinization journal of morphology 276 1 1 21 bibcode 2015jmorp 276 1k doi 10 1002 jmor 20311 pmid 25156549 s2cid 26260996 1 2 bracken grissom heather d cannon maren e cabezas patricia feldmann rodney m schweitzer carrie e et al 2013 a comprehensive and integrative reconstruction of evolutionary history for anomura crustacea decapoda bmc evolutionary biology 13 1 128 bibcode 2013bmcee 13 128b doi 10 1186 1471 2148 13 128 pmc 3708748 pmid 23786343 garwood r j dunlop j 13 november 2014 three dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of 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