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crittercam wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 attaching crittercam 3 crittercam influence in media and popular culture 4 kitty cam 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents crittercam 3 languages deutsch русский українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia technology attached to an animal crittercam footage of a narwhal swimming upside down under the ice within a group of conspecifics footage of an american alligator swallowing prey it just captured crittercam is a small package of instruments including a camera that can be attached to a wild animal to study its behavior in the wild national geographic s crittercam is a research tool designed to be worn by wild animals it combines video and audio recording with collection of environmental data such as depth temperature and acceleration 1 the live feeds help scientists experience an animal s daily routines crittercam was invented by national geographic marine biologist greg marshall in 1986 2 3 since then it has been employed in studies on over 40 marine and terrestrial animals history edit the introduction of the terrestrial crittercam made it possible for researchers to monitor the animals and their activity exactly when it occurred previously the cameras could only record data and images for future playback once the camera was retrieved from the animal when introduced in 2001 the camera was about half an inch in size it had a resolution of 340 lines and is sensitive down to 3 lux at this time it used a nine volt battery for short term documentation of the animal s activities and a 1 pound battery to monitor for one week the size of the battery continually increased as the duration of documentation did as well footage obtained from its use has appeared in program titles including great white shark sea monsters and tiger shark the first depth gauge was invented in the late 1800s however it wasn t until 1964 that the first depth recorder was actually placed on an animal a weddell seal in antarctica the next advancement in recording animal borne imagery was made possible by a microprocessor that attached a video camera in a submersible case to a loggerhead turtle this case came to be known as the crittercam marshall first conceived his idea of the crittercam on a diving trip in belize during one dive he encountered a shark with a sucker fish clinging to its body he then realized that if a camera could be utilized to replace the sucker fish researchers could explore the environment and behavior of sharks without having to dive deep he immediately began work on this idea receiving small grants from the american museum of natural history to support his funding he later secured a grant from the national geographic society and began to develop highly improved prototypes of his initial device that was strapped to the loggerhead turtle these prototypes were successfully utilized on sharks and sea turtles since its production the crittercam has been used to study the underwater behaviors of green turtles humpback whales blue whales monk seals reef sharks and many other marine animals attaching crittercam edit methods for attaching the device vary with different species in order to place it onto dolphins whales and leatherback turtles special suction cups are used adhesive patches are used for seal and hardshell turtles sharks are fixed with a fin clamp in order for the device to remain in place while the animals are swimming backpack like harnesses are placed on penguins for attachment land animals like lions and bears are given crittercam collars research and development are constantly being conducted in hopes of devising more advanced attachment methods 4 marshall has stated that he was surprised to see how quickly animals adapted to having the device strapped to their backs while initial statements from greg marshall claimed the camera did not negatively affect or disturb animal s natural behaviors in their natural habitats he did admit that 40 to 50 pound penguins dives are decreased by 20 percent in distance while wearing the harness when employed on emperor penguins the camera proves its usefulness by capturing their behavior below the ice of antarctica s waters where no human would be able to dive and manually record because of the freezing temperatures in order to ensure the safety of the animals in case something was to go wrong with the camera scientists are able to remove the device through a remote control crittercam influence in media and popular culture edit in 2011 the mystic aquarium institute for exploration opened a traveling exhibit funded by national geographic called crittercam the world through animal eyes the periodical insight on the news published an article stating that a team of scientists led by clyde roper wanted to use the crittercam to film and study architeuthis dux the giant squid it was stated in 2003 that crittercam had been attached to 41 tiger sharks 3 dugongs 3 whale sharks and 34 turtles all residing within western australia s shark bay and ningaloo reef the camera can dive with sperm whales 200 meters deep and even remain intact within a pack of killer whales a 13 part tv series premiered on national geographic s cable channel on january 17 2004 that showed actual footage received from animals equipped with the crittercam kitty cam edit inspired by the discoveries made as a result of the crittercam on the behavior of various species national geographic and the university of georgia have begun work on a new study that monitors the behavior of domestic cats called kitty cam kitty cams provide a creative solution to answer widespread and controversial questions about the interactions and behaviors of cats in the environment discoveries have been made from their collaborative efforts that identify common factors that threaten the health of owned free roaming cats such as exposure to infectious disease the kitty cams are fixed on a collar that is placed on the cats like crittercams on land animals the cameras are very lightweight and waterproof and can even capture activity at night through led lights in athens clarke county georgia sixty cats were equipped with the cameras and monitored while roaming freely outdoors for 7 10 days the experiment has been repeated many times and has produced many results from differing areas and seasons after the initial experiment 55 cats produced usable results with an average of 37 hours of footage per cat in reference to their hunting behaviors the footage showed that 44 of cats in athens hunt wildlife the majority of animals hunted were mammals reptiles and invertebrates they concluded that free roaming cats showed hunting behavior during warmer seasons common risk factors concluded as a result of the study were crossing roads coming into contact with other cats eating drinking substances outside of the house exploring drain systems and entering entrapping crawlspaces 5 the smallest animal yet to carry crittercam is the emperor penguin information and footage from crittercam was used in the oscar winning documentary march of the penguins at museum of science boston there is an exhibit on crittercam the exhibit will soon travel to other museums the exhibit allows people to participate in interactive displays and models 6 references edit exploration technology lab archived from the original on january 31 2011 greg marshall biography archived 2010 01 03 at the wayback machine national geographic crittercam chronicles frequently asked questions archived 2010 02 07 at the wayback machine exploration technology lab archived from the original on january 31 2011 kitty cams uga research archived from the original on 2013 11 09 retrieved 2018 05 21 critter cam exhibit national geographic archived from the original on 2013 05 30 retrieved 2012 04 24 crittercam additional feature on the march of the penguins dvd external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to crittercam about crittercam at the national geographic website crittercam on cat crittercam on turtle link removed crittercam on whale crittercam on emperor penguin crittercam news stories making a crittercam for a shark v t e photography equipment camera box camera light field digital field instant phone pinhole press rangefinder slr still tlr toy view darkroom enlarger safelight film base format holder stock available films discontinued films filter flash beauty dish cucoloris gobo hot shoe lens hood monolight reflector snoot softbox lens long focus prime zoom wide angle fisheye swivel telephoto manufacturers monopod movie projector slide projector tripod head zone plate terminology 35 mm equivalent focal length abbreviations list angle of view aperture backscatter black and white chromatic aberration circle of confusion clipping color balance color temperature depth of field depth of focus exposure exposure compensation exposure value f number film format 35mm large medium film speed focal length guide number hyperfocal distance lens flare metering mode perspective distortion telephoto compression photograph photographic printing albumen photographic processes reciprocity red eye effect science of photography shutter speed sync zebra patterning zone system genres abstract aerial aircraft architectural astrophotography banquet candid conceptual conservation cloudscape documentary eclipse ethnographic erotic fashion fine art fire fireworks forensic glamour high speed landscape monochrome nature neues sehen nude photojournalism pictorialism pornography portrait post mortem ruins selfie space selfie social documentary sports still life stock straight photography street underwater vernacular wedding wildlife techniques afocal blur bokeh bracketing brenizer burst mode combination printing contre jour crittercam pigeon photography ettr fill flash focus stacking hand colouring harris shutter high speed holography infrared intentional camera movement kirlian kite aerial lo fi photography lomography long exposure luminogram macro manipulation mordançage multiple exposure multi exposure hdr capture night panning panoramic photogram photomontage pre release capture print toning redscale rephotography rollout scanography schlieren photography sabattier effect slow motion stereoscopy stopping down strip slit scan sprocket hole sun printing tilt shift miniature faking time lapse ultraviolet vignetting xerography zoom burst composition diagonal method framing headroom lead room rule of thirds simplicity golden triangle composition history timeline of photography technology albumen print ambrotype analog film photography autochrome lumière calotype camera obscura daguerreotype dufaycolor heliography lippmann plate painted photography backdrops photography and the law photographic plate salt print tintype visual arts regional albania australia bangladesh canada china colombia denmark greece india japan korea luxembourg new zealand norway philippines serbia slovenia sudan taiwan turkey ukraine united states uzbekistan vietnam digital photography digital camera dslr milc camera back digiscoping comparison of digital and film photography film scanner image sensor cmos aps ccd three ccd camera foveon x3 sensor photo response non uniformity image sharing pixel color photography print film chromogenic print reversal film color management color space primary color cmyk color model rgb color model photographic processing anthotype bleach bypass c 41 process carbon print collodion process cross processing cyanotype developer digital image processing dye coupler e 6 process fixer gelatin silver print gum printing instant film k 14 process photogravure print permanence push processing salt print stop bath lists largest photographs most expensive photographs museums devoted to one photographer photographs considered the most important photographers norwegian polish street women photography periodicals related conservation and restoration of photographs film photographic plates polaroid art stereoscopy say cheese retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title crittercam oldid 1372426510 category cameras hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use american english from january 2021 all wikipedia articles written in american english webarchive template wayback links commons category link is on wikidata deprecated archive template links articles containing video clips this page was last edited on 31 august 2026 at 18 09 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents crittercam 3 languages add topic