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her ornamental gourds coccinia the ivy gourd citrullus watermelon c lanatus c colocynthis plus several other species cucumis cucumber c sativus various melons and vines momordica bitter melon luffa commonly called luffa or luffa squash sometimes spelled loofah young fruits may be cooked when fully ripened they become fibrous and unpalatable thus becoming the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge cyclanthera caigua sicyos edulis chayote gerrardanthus the species g macrorhizus has gained some popularity as an ornamental caudiciform plant xerosicyos the silver dollar vine xerosicyos danguyi is popular amongst horticulturists and plant collectors the plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas of the world where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants in both the old and new worlds the family cucurbitaceae ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used as human food 5 the name cucurbitaceae comes to international scientific vocabulary from neo latin from cucurbita the type genus aceae 6 a standardized suffix for plant family names in modern taxonomy the genus name comes from the classical latin word cucurbita meaning gourd description edit flower of lagenaria captured at night most of the plants in this family are annual vines but some are woody lianas thorny shrubs or trees dendrosicyos many species have large yellow or white flowers the stems are hairy and pentangular tendrils are present at 90 to the leaf petioles at nodes leaves are exstipulate alternate simple palmately lobed or palmately compound the flowers are unisexual with male and female flowers on different plants dioecious or on the same plant monoecious the female flowers have inferior ovaries the fruit is often a kind of modified berry called a pepo 7 2 fossil history edit one of the oldest fossil cucurbits so far is cucurbitaciphyllum lobatum from the paleocene epoch found at shirley canal montana it was described for the first time in 1924 by the paleobotanist frank hall knowlton the fossil leaf is palmate trilobed with rounded lobal sinuses and an entire or serrate margin it has a leaf pattern similar to the members of the genera kedrostis melothria and zehneria 8 classification edit the family cucurbitaceae has been divided into two subfamilies the first variously named fevilleoideae nhandiroboideae or zanonioideae has been shown not to be monophyletic the second cucurbitoideae is monophyletic for this reason a division only to tribal level has been preferred 9 tribal classification edit pumpkins and squashes displayed in a show competition a selection of cucurbits of the south korean genebank in suwon cucurbits on display at the real jardín botánico de madrid with the title variedades de calabaza include gourds and edible species of cucurbita and lagenaria a 2011 classification of cucurbitaceae delineated 15 tribes 10 11 tribe gomphogyneae benth hook f alsomitra blume spach 1 sp bayabusua 1 sp gomphogyne griff 2 spp gynostemma blume 10 spp hemsleya cogn ex f b forbes hemsl 30 spp neoalsomitra hutch 12 spp tribe triceratieae a rich cyclantheropsis harms 3 spp fevillea l 8 spp pteropepon cogn cogn 5 spp sicydium schltdl 9 spp tribe zanonieae benth hook f gerrardanthus harvey in hook f 3 5 spp siolmatra baill 1 sp xerosicyos humbert 5 spp zanonia l 1 sp tribe actinostemmateae h schaef s s renner actinostemma griff 3 spp bolbostemma franquet 2 spp tribe indofevilleeae h schaef s s renner indofevillea chatterjee 2 sp tribe thladiantheae h schaef s s renner baijiania a m lu j q li 30 spp sinobaijiania c jeffrey w j de wilde 5 spp thladiantha bunge 1833 5 spp tribe siraitieae h schaef s s renner siraitia merr 3 4 spp tribe momordiceae h schaef s s renner momordica l 60 spp tribe joliffieae schrad ampelosicyos thouars 5 spp cogniauxia baill 2 spp telfairia hook 3 spp tribe bryonieae dumort austrobryonia h schaef 4 spp bryonia l 10 spp ecballium a rich 1 sp tribe schizopeponeae c jeffrey herpetospermum wall ex hook f 3 spp schizopepon maxim 6 8 spp tribe sicyoeae schrad brandegea cogn 1 sp cyclanthera schrad 40 spp echinocystis torr a gray 1 sp echinopepon naudin 19 spp hanburia seem 7 spp hodgsonia hook f thomson 2 spp linnaeosicyos h schaef kocyan 1 sp luffa mill 5 7 spp marah kellogg 7 spp microsechium naudin 4 spp nothoalsomitra hutch 1 sp parasicyos dieterle 2 sp sechiopsis naudin 5 spp sicyocaulis wiggins 1 sp sicyos l 64 spp including frantzia pittier and sechium p browne sicyosperma a gray 1 sp trichosanthes l 100 spp tribe coniandreae endl apodanthera arn 16 spp bambekea cogn 1 sp ceratosanthes adans 4 spp corallocarpus welw ex benth hook f 17 spp cucurbitella walp 1 sp dendrosicyos balf f 1 sp doyerea grosourdy 1 sp eureiandra hook f 8 spp gurania schltdl cogn 37 spp halosicyos mart crov 1 sp helmontia cogn 2 4 spp ibervillea greene 8 spp kedrostis medik 28 spp psiguria neck ex arn 6 12 spp seyrigia keraudren 6 spp trochomeriopsis cogn 1 sp wilbrandia silva manso 5 spp tribe benincaseae ser acanthosicyos welw ex hook f 1 sp benincasa savi 2 spp including praecitrullus pangalo blastania kotschy peyr 3 spp including ctenolepis hook f borneosicyos 1 2 spp cephalopentandra chiov 1 sp citrullus schrad 4 spp coccinia wight arn 30 spp cucumis l 65 spp dactyliandra hook f 2 spp diplocyclos endl t post kuntze 4 spp indomelothria 2 spp khmeriosicyos 1 sp lagenaria ser 6 spp lemurosicyos keraudren 1 sp melothria l 12 spp including m scabra muellerargia cogn 2 sp oreosyce hook f 1 sp papuasicyos 8 spp peponium engl 20 spp raphidiocystis hook f 5 spp ruthalicia c jeffrey 2 spp scopellaria w j de wilde duyfjes 2 spp solena lour 3 spp trochomeria hook f 8 spp zehneria endl ca 60 spp tribe cucurbiteae ser abobra naudin 1 sp calycophysum h karst triana 5 spp cayaponia silva manso 74 spp cionosicys griseb 4 5 spp cucurbita l 15 spp penelopeia urb 2 spp peponopsis naudin 1 sp polyclathra bertol 6 spp schizocarpum schrad 11 spp selysia cogn 4 spp sicana naudin 4 spp tecunumania standl steyerm 1 sp systematics edit modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships 10 12 13 14 15 16 detailed cladogram showing cucurbitaceae phylogeny cucurbitaceae gomphogyneae alsomitra bayabusua hemsleya gomphogyne gynostemma neoalsomitra triceratieae fevillea pteropepon cyclantheropsis sicydium zanonieae gerrardanthus zanonia siolmatra xerosicyos actinostemmateae actinostemma indofevilleeae indofevillea thladiantheae baijiania thladiantha siraitieae siraitia momordiceae momordica joliffieae cogniauxia telfairia ampelosicyos bryonieae ecballium bryonia austrobryonia sicyoeae nothoalsomitra hodgsonia echinocystis marah echinopepon frantzia cyclanthera hanburia sicyos linnaeosicyos luffa trichosanthes schizopeponeae schizopepon herpetospermum coniandreae bambekea eureiandra dendrosicyos trochomeriopsis seyrigia corallocarpus cucurbitella doyerea wilbrandia psiguria helmontia gurania melotrianthus kedrostis ceratosanthes halosicyos apodanthera tumamoca ibervillea cucurbiteae polyclathra peponopsis cucurbita penelopeia calycophysum sicana tecunumania schizocarpum cionosicys abobra cayaponia benincaseae zehneria citrullus peponium lagenaria acanthosicyos raphidiocystis cephalopentandra lemurosicyos solena borneosicyos benincasa ctenolepis dactyliandra trochomeria ruthalicia indomelothria melothria coccinia diplocyclos papuasicyos scopellaria muellerargia cucumis pests and diseases edit sweet potato whitefly is the vector of a number of cucurbit viruses that cause yellowing symptoms throughout the southern united states 17 references edit angiosperm phylogeny group 2009 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iii botanical journal of the linnean society 161 2 linnean society of london 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x hdl 10654 18083 cucurbitaceae merriam webster com dictionary merriam webster oclc 1032680871 christenhusz m j m byng j w 2016 the number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 bibcode 2016phytx 261 201c doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 cucurbitaceae juss plants of the world online retrieved 10 june 2024 cucurbits purdue university retrieved 2013 08 26 cucurbitaceae merriam webster s unabridged dictionary merriam webster archived from the original on 2020 05 25 retrieved 2016 07 25 schaefer hanno acevedo rodríguez pedro guide to the genera of lianas and climbing plants in the neotropics pdf smithsonian national museum of natural history retrieved 26 january 2024 revisions to roland brown s north american paleocene flora by steven r manchester at florida museum of natural history university of florida gainesville florida usa published in acta musei nationalis pragae series b historia naturalis vol 70 2014 no 3 4 pp 153 210 newton l e eggli u 2023 cucurbitaceae in eggli u nyffeler r eds dicotyledons rosids illustrated handbook of succulent plants cham springer doi 10 1007 978 3 030 93492 7_26 1 2 schaefer h renner ss 2011 phylogenetic relationships in the order cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family cucurbitaceae taxon 60 1 122 138 bibcode 2011taxon 60 122s doi 10 1002 tax 601011 jstor 41059827 schaefer h kocyan a renner ss 2007 phylogenetics of cucumis cucurbitaceae cucumber c sativus belongs in an asian australian clade far from melon c melo bmc evolutionary biology 7 1 58 69 bibcode 2007bmcee 7 58r doi 10 1186 1471 2148 7 58 pmc 3225884 pmid 17425784 zhang l b simmons mp kocyan a renner ss 2006 phylogeny of the cucurbitales based on dna sequences of nine loci from three genomes implications for morphological and sexual system evolution pdf molecular phylogenetics and evolution 39 2 305 322 bibcode 2006molpe 39 305z doi 10 1016 j ympev 2005 10 002 pmid 16293423 archived pdf from the original on 2013 09 08 schaefer h heibl c renner ss 2009 gourds afloat a dated phylogeny reveals an asian origin of the gourd family cucurbitaceae and numerous oversea dispersal events proc r soc b 276 1658 843 851 doi 10 1098 rspb 2008 1447 pmc 2664369 pmid 19033142 de boer hj schaefer h thulin m renner ss 2012 evolution and loss of long fringed petals a case study using a dated phylogeny of the snake gourds trichosanthes cucurbitaceae bmc evolutionary biology 12 1 108 bibcode 2012bmcee 12 108d doi 10 1186 1471 2148 12 108 pmc 3502538 pmid 22759528 belgrano mj 2012 estudio sistemático y biogeográfico del género apodanthera arn cucurbitaceae systematic and biogeographic study of the genus apodanthera arn cucurbitaceae ph d universidad nacional de la plata renner ss schaefer h 2016 phylogeny and evolution of the cucurbitaceae in grumet r katzir n garcia mas j eds genetics and genomics of cucurbitaceae plant genetics and genomics crops and models vol 20 new york ny springer international publishing pp 1 11 doi 10 1007 7397_2016_14 isbn 978 3 319 49330 5 wintermantel william m 2020 whitefly transmitted yellowing viruses of cucurbit crops american phytopathological society doi 10 1094 grow cuc 08 20 006 s2cid 242003450 further reading edit bates d robinson r jeffrey c eds 1990 biology and utilization of the cucurbitaceae cornell university press isbn 978 0 8014 1670 5 jeffrey c 2005 a new system of cucurbitaceae bot zhurn 90 332 335 external links edit media related to cucurbitaceae at wikimedia commons cucurbitaceae in t c andres 1995 onwards cucurbitaceae in l watson and m j dallwitz 1992 onwards the families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification information retrieval v t e families of flowering plants apg iv supergroup plant rhodophyta chlorophyta marchantiophyta bryophyta anthocerotophyta polypodiophyta acrogymnospermae angiospermae basal angio sperms amborellales amborellaceae nymphaeales hydatellaceae cabombaceae nymphaeaceae austrobaileyales austrobaileyaceae trimeniaceae schisandraceae mesangiospermae magnoliidae canellales canellaceae winteraceae piperales aristolochiaceae saururaceae piperaceae magnoliales myristicaceae magnoliaceae degeneriaceae himantandraceae eupomatiaceae annonaceae laurales calycanthaceae siparunaceae gomortegaceae atherospermataceae hernandiaceae monimiaceae lauraceae chloranthidae chloranthales chloranthaceae lilidae monocots acorales acoraceae alismatales araceae tofieldiaceae alismataceae butomaceae hydrocharitaceae scheuchzeriaceae aponogetonaceae juncaginaceae maundiaceae zosteraceae potamogetonaceae posidoniaceae ruppiaceae cymodoceaceae petrosaviales petrosaviaceae dioscoreales nartheciaceae burmanniaceae dioscoreaceae pandanales triuridaceae velloziaceae stemonaceae cyclanthaceae pandanaceae liliales campynemataceae corsiaceae melanthiaceae petermanniaceae alstroemeriaceae colchicaceae philesiaceae ripogonaceae smilacaceae liliaceae asparagales orchidaceae boryaceae blandfordiaceae asteliaceae lanariaceae hypoxidaceae doryanthaceae ixioliriaceae tecophilaeaceae iridaceae xeronemataceae asphodelaceae amaryllidaceae asparagaceae arecales dasypogonaceae arecaceae commelinales hanguanaceae commelinaceae philydraceae pontederiaceae haemodoraceae zingiberales strelitziaceae lowiaceae heliconiaceae musaceae cannaceae marantaceae costaceae zingiberaceae poales typhaceae bromeliaceae rapateaceae xyridaceae eriocaulaceae mayacaceae thurniaceae juncaceae cyperaceae restionaceae flagellariaceae joinvilleaceae ecdeiocoleaceae poaceae ceratophyllidae ceratophyllales ceratophyllaceae eudicots buxales buxaceae proteales sabiaceae nelumbonaceae platanaceae proteaceae ranunculales eupteleaceae papaveraceae circaeasteraceae lardizabalaceae menispermaceae berberidaceae ranunculaceae trochodendrales trochodendraceae dilleniales dilleniaceae gunnerales myrothamnaceae gunneraceae superrosids saxifragales peridiscaceae paeoniaceae altingiaceae hamamelidaceae cercidiphyllaceae daphniphyllaceae iteaceae grossulariaceae saxifragaceae crassulaceae aphanopetalaceae tetracarpaeaceae penthoraceae haloragaceae cynomoriaceae rosids vitales vitaceae fabids cucurbitales apodanthaceae anisophylleaceae corynocarpaceae coriariaceae cucurbitaceae tetramelaceae datiscaceae begoniaceae fabales quillajaceae fabaceae surianaceae polygalaceae fagales nothofagaceae fagaceae myricaceae juglandaceae casuarinaceae ticodendraceae betulaceae rosales rosaceae barbeyaceae dirachmaceae elaeagnaceae rhamnaceae ulmaceae cannabaceae moraceae urticaceae zygophyllales krameriaceae zygophyllaceae celastrales lepidobotryaceae celastraceae malpighiales pandaceae irvingiaceae ctenolophonaceae rhizophoraceae erythroxylaceae ochnaceae bonnetiaceae clusiaceae calophyllaceae podostemaceae hypericaceae caryocaraceae lophopyxidaceae putranjivaceae centroplacaceae elatinaceae malpighiaceae balanopaceae trigoniaceae dichapetalaceae euphroniaceae chrysobalanaceae humiriaceae achariaceae violaceae goupiaceae passifloraceae lacistemataceae salicaceae peraceae rafflesiaceae euphorbiaceae linaceae ixonanthaceae picrodendraceae phyllanthaceae oxalidales huaceae...