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a redirected from cuprous chloride copper i chloride sample of copper i chloride unit cell of nantokite names iupac name copper i chloride other names cuprous chloride identifiers cas number 7758 89 6 y 3d model jsmol interactive image beilstein reference 8127933 chebi chebi 53472 y chemspider 56403 y drugbank db15535 echa infocard 100 028 948 ec number 231 842 9 gmelin reference 13676 pubchem cid 62652 rtecs number gl6990000 unii c955p95064 y un number 2802 comptox dashboard epa dtxsid5035242 inchi inchi 1s clh cu h1h q 1 p 1 y key oxblherufwyntn uhfffaoysa m y inchi 1 clh cu h1h q 1 p 1 key oxblherufwyntn rewhxwofac smiles cl cu properties 1 chemical formula cucl molar mass 99 00 g mol 1 appearance white powder slightly green from oxidized impurities density 4 14 g cm 3 3 69 g cm 3 molten 423 c 793 f melting point 423 c 793 f 696 k boiling point 1 490 c 2 710 f 1 760 k solubility in water 0 0047 g 100 ml 20 c 68 f solubility product k sp 1 72 10 7 vapor pressure 10 pa 0 0015 psi 459 c 858 f band gap 0 56 ev 300 k 27 c 80 f direct magnetic susceptibility χ 40 10 6 cm 3 mol refractive index n d 1 930 2 page needed structure 3 crystal structure cubic cf20 space group f 4 3m no 216 point group 3m lattice constant a 3 81 å b 3 81 å c 9 16 å α 90 β 90 γ 120 lattice volume v 115 23 å 3 formula units z 3 thermochemistry 1 heat capacity c 48 5 j mol 1 k 1 std molar entropy s 298 86 2 j mol 1 k 1 std enthalpy of formation δ f h 298 137 2 kj mol 1 gibbs free energy δ f g 119 9 kj mol 1 enthalpy of fusion δ f h fus 7 08 kj mol 1 hazards ghs labelling 4 pictograms signal word danger hazard statements h302 h312 h315 h318 h410 precautionary statements p264 p270 p273 p280 p301 p312 p330 p302 p352 p312 p305 p351 p338 p310 p332 p313 p362 p391 p501 nfpa 704 fire diamond 5 2 0 1 threshold limit value tlv 1 mg m 3 5 twa lethal dose or concentration ld lc ld 50 median dose 336 mg kg rat oral 1224 mg kg rat dermal 5 niosh us health exposure limits 6 pel permissible twa 1 mg m 3 as cu rel recommended twa 1 mg m 3 as cu idlh immediate danger twa 100 mg m 3 as cu related compounds other anions copper i fluoride copper i bromide copper i iodide other cations silver i chloride gold i chloride related compounds copper ii chloride except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 c 77 f 100 kpa y verify what is y n infobox references chemical compound copper i chloride commonly called cuprous chloride is the lower chloride of copper with the formula cucl the substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper ii chloride cucl 2 occurrence edit cucl occurs as the rare mineral nantokite 7 structure edit copper i chloride has the cubic zincblende crystal structure at ambient conditions upon heating to 408 c 766 f the structure changes to hexagonal several other crystalline forms of cucl appear at high pressures several gpa 8 synthesis edit copper i chloride is produced industrially by the direct combination of copper metal and chlorine at 450 900 c 842 1 652 f 9 10 2 cu cl 2 2 cucl copper i chloride can also be prepared by reducing copper ii chloride with sulfur dioxide or with ascorbic acid vitamin c that acts as a reducing sugar 11 12 2 cucl 2 so 2 2 h 2 o 2 cucl h 2 so 4 2 hcl 2 cucl 2 c 6 h 8 o 6 2cucl 2hcl c 6 h 6 o 6 many other reducing agents can be used 10 uses edit the main use of copper i chloride is as a precursor to the fungicide copper oxychloride cu 2 oh 3 cl for this purpose aqueous copper i chloride is generated by comproportionation and then air oxidized 10 cu cucl 2 2 cucl 12 cucl 3 o 2 6 h 2 o 4 cu 2 oh 3 cl 4 cucl 2 copper i chloride catalyzes a variety of organic reactions as discussed above its affinity for carbon monoxide in the presence of aluminium chloride is exploited in the copure process 13 in organic synthesis edit cucl is used as a co catalyst with carbon monoxide aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride in the gatterman koch reaction to form benzaldehydes 14 in the sandmeyer reaction the treatment of an arenediazonium salt with cucl leads to an aryl chloride for example 15 16 the reaction has wide scope and usually gives good yields 16 early investigators observed that copper i halides catalyse 1 4 addition of grignard reagents to alpha beta unsaturated ketones led to the development of organocuprate reagents that are widely used today in organic synthesis 17 18 this finding led to the development of organocopper chemistry for example cucl reacts with methyllithium ch 3 li to form gilman reagents such as ch 3 2 culi which find use in organic synthesis grignard reagents form similar organocopper compounds although other copper i compounds such as copper i iodide cui are now more often used for these types of reactions copper i chloride is still recommended in some cases 19 cuprous chloride also catalyzes the dimerization of acetylene to vinylacetylene once used as a precursor to various polymers such a neoprene 20 niche uses edit cucl is used as a catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization atrp it is also used in pyrotechnics as a blue green coloring agent in a flame test copper chlorides like all copper compounds emit green blue 21 reactions edit upon contact with water copper i chloride slowly undergoes disproportionation 22 2 cucl cu cucl 2 in part for this reason samples in air assume a green coloration 23 copper i chloride is a lewis acid it is classified as soft according to the hard soft acid base concept thus it forms a series of complexes with soft lewis bases such as triphenylphosphine cucl 1 p c 6 h 5 3 1 4 cucl p c 6 h 5 3 4 cucl 2 p c 6 h 5 3 cucl p c 6 h 5 3 2 cucl 3 p c 6 h 5 3 cucl p c 6 h 5 3 3 cucl also forms complexes with halides for example the hydronium h 3 o complex h 3 o cucl 2 forms in concentrated hydrochloric acid 24 chloride is displaced by cyanide cn and thiosulfate s 2 o 2 3 10 solutions of cucl in hcl absorb carbon monoxide to form colourless complexes such as the chloride bridged dimer cucl co 2 the same hydrochloric acid solutions also react with acetylene gas to form cucl c 2 h 2 ammoniacal solutions of cucl react with acetylenes to form the explosive copper i acetylide cu 2 c 2 alkene complexes of cucl can be prepared by reduction of copper ii chloride cucl 2 by sulfur dioxide in the presence of the alkene in alcohol solution complexes with dienes such as 1 5 cyclooctadiene are particularly stable 25 page needed history edit copper i chloride was first prepared by robert boyle and designated rosin of copper in the mid seventeenth century from mercury ii chloride venetian sublimate and copper metal 26 hgcl 2 2 cu 2 cucl hg in 1799 joseph proust first differentiated two different chlorides of copper he prepared cucl which he called white muriate of copper by heating cucl 2 at red heat in the absence of air causing it to lose half of its combined chlorine followed by removing residual cucl 2 by washing with water 27 an acidic solution of cucl was formerly used to analyze carbon monoxide content in gases for example in hempel s gas apparatus where the cucl absorbs the carbon monoxide 28 this application was significant during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when coal gas was widely used for heating and lighting 29 gallery edit white copper i chloride crystals on copper wire copper i chloride partially oxidized in air ir absorption spectrum of copper i chloride references edit 1 2 haynes william m ed 2016 crc handbook of chemistry and physics 97th ed boca raton florida crc press pp 4 59 4 124 4 127 5 11 5 177 6 103 6 156 isbn 9781498754293 patnaik pradyot 2003 handbook of inorganic chemicals new york ny mcgraw hill isbn 0 07 049439 8 materials data on cucl by materials project next gen materialsproject org berkeley ca us lawrence berkeley national laboratory materials project 14 july 2020 doi 10 17188 1199079 osti 1199079 doe contract ac02 05ch11231 mp 22914 retrieved 14 june 2026 sigma aldrich co copper i chloride 1 2 3 sds copper i chloride www fishersci com thermofisher scientific 21 december 2025 pp 3 5 retrieved 14 june 2026 niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards nantokite mindat org hull s keen d a 1994 high pressure polymorphism of the copper i halides a neutron diffraction study to 10 gpa physical review b 50 9 5868 5885 bibcode 1994phrvb 50 5868h doi 10 1103 physrevb 50 5868 pmid 9976955 richardson h w 2003 copper compounds kirk othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology new york john wiley doi 10 1002 0471238961 0315161618090308 a01 pub2 isbn 9780471238966 1 2 3 4 zhang j richardson h w 2016 copper compounds ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry weinheim wiley vch pp 1 31 doi 10 1002 14356007 a07_567 pub2 isbn 978 3 527 30673 2 glemser o sauer h 19 copper silver gold in brauer georg ed handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry vol 2 translated by riley reed f 2 ed new york ny academic press p 1005 6 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 395591 3 50005 4 isbn 978 0 12 395591 3 tuğba akbıyık i̇nci sönmezoğlu kubilay güçlü i̇zzet tor reşat apak 2012 protection of ascorbic acid from copper ii catalyzed oxidative degradation in the presence of fruit acids citric oxalic tartaric malic malonic and fumaric acids international journal of food properties 15 2 398 411 doi 10 1080 10942912 2010 487630 s2cid 85408826 xiaozhou ma jelco albertsma dieke gabriels rens horst sevgi polat casper snoeks freek kapteijn hüseyin burak eral david a vermaas bastian mei sissi de beer monique ann van der veen 2023 carbon monoxide separation past present and future chemical society reviews 52 11 3741 3777 doi 10 1039 d3cs00147d pmc 10243283 pmid 37083229 dilke m h eley d d 1949 550 the gattermann koch reaction part ii reaction kinetics j chem soc 2613 2620 doi 10 1039 jr9490002613 issn 0368 1769 wade l g 2003 organic chemistry 5th ed upper saddle river n j prentice hall p 871 isbn 978 0130338327 1 2 smith michael b march jerry 2007 advanced organic chemistry reactions mechanisms and structure pdf 6th ed new york wiley interscience p 984 isbn 978 0 471 72091 1 kharasch m s tawney p o 1941 factors determining the course and mechanisms of grignard reactions ii the effect of metallic compounds on the reaction between isophorone and methylmagnesium bromide j am chem soc 63 9 2308 doi 10 1021 ja01854a005 jasrzebski j t b h van koten g 2002 modern organocopper chemistry weinheim germany wiley vch p 1 doi 10 1002 3527600086 ch1 isbn 978 3 527 60008 3 bertz s h fairchild e h 1999 coates r m denmark s e eds handbook of reagents for organic synthesis new york ny us wiley pp 220 3 isbn 978 0 471 97924 1 trotuş ioan teodor zimmermann tobias schüth ferdi 2014 catalytic reactions of acetylene a feedstock for the chemical industry revisited chemical reviews 114 3 1761 1782 doi 10 1021 cr400357r pmid 24228942 barrow r f caldin e f 1949 01 01 some spectroscopic observations on pyrotechnic flames proceedings of the physical society section b 62 1 32 39 doi 10 1088 0370 1301 62 1 305 issn 0370 1301 greenwood norman n earnshaw alan 1997 chemistry of the elements 2nd ed butterworth heinemann p 1185 doi 10 1016 c2009 0 30414 6 isbn 978 0 08 037941 8 us patent 4582579a pastor antonio c method for preparing cupric ion free cuprous chloride published 1986 04 15 issued 1986 04 15 assigned to at t mvpd group llc j j fritz 1980 chloride complexes of copper i chloride in aqueous solution j phys chem 84 18 2241 2246 doi 10 1021 j100455a006 nicholls david 1974 complexes and first row transition elements london macmillan isbn 978 0333170885 lccn 76353677 oclc 1391286782 ol 4927215m boyle robert 1666 the origine of formes and qualities according to the corpuscular philosophy illustrated by considerations and experiments written formerly by way of notes upon an essay about nitre oxford pp 286 288 proust j l 1799 recherches sur le cuivre sur le muriate de cuivre research on copper on copper muriate annales de chimie ou recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie et les arts qui en dépendent annals of chemistry or collection of memoirs concerning chemistry and the arts dependent upon it in french 32 26 54 ce muriate se laissedistiller à sec ans éprouver d altération mais si on force la chaleur une partie de l acidepasse en état d acide marin oxigéné tandis que le cuivre ramené de 25 à 17 d oxidation sur 100 forme avec le reste un muriate blanc particulier dont j ai fait mention dans mon mémoire sur l étain this muriate can be distilled to dryness without undergoing alteration but if the heat is forced a portion of the acid is converted into oxygenated muriatic acid while the copper its level of oxidation reduced from 25 to 17 parts per 100 forms a distinctive white muriate with the remainder which i mentioned in my paper on tin martin geoffrey 1922 industrial and manufacturing chemistry part 1 organic ed london crosby lockwood p 408 hdl 2027 umn 319510009400187 oclc 13687566 lewes vivian h 1891 the analysis of illuminating gases journal of the society of chemical industry 10 5 407 413 doi 10 1002 jctb 5000100501 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to copper i chloride national pollutant inventory copper and compounds fact sheet v t e copper compounds cu 0 i cu 5 si cu i cubr cucn cucl cuf cuh cui cu 2 c 2 cu 2 cr 2 o 5 cu 2 o cuoh cuno 3 cu 3 p cu 2 s cus cuscn c 6 h 5 cu cu i ii cu 4 o 3 cu 3 h 4 o 8 s 2 cu ii cu bf 4 2 cubr 2 cuc 2 cu ch 3 coo 2 cu cf 3 coo 2 cu c 3 h 5 o 3 2 cuco 3 cu 2 co 3 oh 2 cu cn 2 cucl 2 kcucl 3 k 2 cucl 4 cu clo 3 2 cu clo 4 2 cuf 2 cu no 3 2 cu 3 po 4 2 cu 3 bo 3 2 cuwo 4 cu n 3 2 cuc 2 o 4 cuo cu o 2 cu oh 2 cu scn 2 cuso 4 cuseo 4 cu 3 aso 4 2 cu c 11 h 23 coo 2 cu c 17 h 35 coo 2 cu o 2 cc 6 h 5 2 cute cute 2 cu nh 3 4 h 2 o so 4 cu sbf 6 2 cu iii k 3 cuf 6 cuo 2 cu iv cuo 2 cs 2 cuf 6 v t e salts and covalent derivatives of the chloride ion hcl he licl becl 2 b 4 cl 4 b 12 cl 12 bcl 3 b 2 cl 4 bo 3 c 2 cl 2 c 2 cl 4 c 2 cl 6 ccl 4 c co 3 ncl 3 cln 3 n no 3 cl x o y cl 2 o cl 2 o 2 clo clo 2 cl 2 o 4 cl 2 o 6 cl 2 o 7 clo 4 o clf clf 3 clf 5 ne nacl mgcl 2 alcl alcl 3 si 5 cl 12 si 2 cl 6 sicl 4 p 2 cl 4 pcl 3 pcl 5 p s 2 cl 2 scl 2 scl 4 so 4 cl 2 ar kcl cacl cacl 2 sccl 3 ticl 2 ticl 3 ticl 4 vcl 2 vcl 3 vcl 4 vcl 5 crcl 2 crcl 3 crcl 4 mncl 2 mncl 3 mncl 4 fecl 2 fecl 3 cocl 2 cocl 3 nicl 2 cucl cucl 2 zncl 2 gacl gacl 3 gecl 2 gecl 4 ascl 3 ascl 5 as se 2 cl 2 secl 2 secl 4 brcl kr rbcl srcl 2 ycl 3 zrcl 2 zrcl 3 zrcl 4 nbcl 3 nbcl 4 nbcl 5 mocl 2 mocl 3 mocl 4 mocl 5 mocl 6 tccl 3 tccl 4 rucl 2 rucl 3 rucl 4 rhcl 3 pdcl 2 agcl cdcl 2 incl incl 2 incl 3 sncl 2 sncl 4 sbcl 3 sbcl 5 te 3 cl 2 tecl 2 tecl 4 icl icl 3 xecl xecl 2 xecl 4 cscl bacl 2 lucl 3 177 lucl 3 hfcl 4 tacl 3 tacl 4 tacl 5 wcl 2 wcl 3 wcl 4 wcl 5 wcl 6 recl 3 recl 4 recl 5 recl 6 oscl 2 oscl 3 oscl 4 oscl 5 ircl 2 ircl 3 ircl 4 ptcl 2 ptcl 4 ptcl 6 2 aucl au aucl 4 2 aucl 3 aucl 4 hg 2 cl 2 hgcl 2 tlcl tlcl 3 pbcl 2 pbcl 4 bicl 3 pocl 2 pocl 4 atcl rn frcl r...