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damascening wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 eibar spain 3 toledo spain 4 fujii japan 5 see also 6 references 7 sources 8 external links toggle the table of contents damascening 23 languages العربية беларуская català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español euskara فارسی français hrvatski magyar italiano 日本語 nederlands polski русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски српски srpski türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia art of inlaying metals for damascened steel see damascus steel for patterns on watch movements see damaskeening this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources damascening news newspapers books scholar jstor october 2020 learn how and when to remove this message some examples of damascened work in toledo an array of damascened pistols damascening is the art of inlaying different metals into one another typically gold or silver into a darkly oxidized steel background to produce intricate patterns similar to niello the english term comes from a perceived resemblance to the rich tapestry patterns of damask silk the term is also used to describe the use of inlaid copper interconnects in integrated circuits as its name suggests damascene gets its name from damascus syria and the ancient artisans that created and exported this craft 1 background edit the technique while also being used on firearms has a long history in japan where it was used to decorate katana fittings particularly tsuba known as zougan 象嵌 in japanese it has developed its own subset of terms to describe the particular patterns although shippou zougan is an enamelling technique which most westerners would consider closer to champlevé damascened inlay jewelry especially of japanese origin is sometimes referred to as shakudo from the use of that alloy as the dark background the technique of niello is also famously attested in prehistoric greece the earliest occurrence of damascening in the aegean from the shaft graves of mycenae dates to the latest middle bronze age middle helladic iiib period dagger nu 304 ultimately of near eastern provenance the technique of inlaying silver gold was adapted to suit aegean taste and style cities that are known for a rich history in damascening where the technique is still practised are malaysia indonesia toledo spain eibar in the basque country and kyoto japan and damascus syria during the early modern period high status persian and mughal weapons and armour could be blued and inlaid with gold or silver wire through a damascening technique known as koftgari 2 damascening remains popular in syria 3 it is also popular in egypt where it is called takfeet though the art has faced decline due to the economic hardships faced by traditional artisans 4 however some are working to revive it 5 eibar spain edit iron cassone by plácido zuloaga 1871 the zuloaga family workshop at eibar was the centre of spanish damascening from the 19th century to the spanish civil war 6 7 eusebio zuloaga was a gunsmith and director of the spanish royal armoury 8 a metalwork prodigy zuloaga undertook to restore damaged items in the armoury and in the process studied and replicated decorative techniques of centuries past this led to the establishment of spain s damascene industry 9 eusebio s eldest son plácido zuloaga eventually took over the workshop and directed its work away from armaments to the production of intricate decorative art works 8 in the process he mastered and improved the techniques of damascening 10 and trained more than two hundred artists 6 his works were exhibited at many national and international fairs winning multiple gold and silver medals 6 and extremely positive reviews from critics 11 the british iranian scholar and collector nasser d khalili has assembled published and exhibited more than a hundred items of spanish damascened metalwork from this period forming the khalili collection of spanish damascene metalwork 12 toledo spain edit detail of damascening in this case gold inlaid into oxidized steel in a hairclasp from toledo spain ding bronze vessel with gold and silver inlay damascening from the warring states period 403 221 bc of ancient china c 300 bc toledo has long been the major european centre although most modern production is machine made sometimes on tin rather than steel nevertheless the art has long been practised in persia japan and china some of these reproductions are so expertly produced that even knowledgeable toledeans admit the difficulty of recognizing them as such 13 damascene work has kept to traditional designs with few changes over the years but there are a few artists who design innovative pieces of jewellery because of these reasons the use of this technique has been most popular in spain fujii japan edit one of the most important damascene creators was fujii yoshitoyo from kyoto he was born in 1868 and invented new techniques for the art of damascening his designs were drawn by bisei unno of the tokyo fine art school he operated the fujii damascene company from about 1925 through the mid 20th century in many exhibitions of this kind fujii was awarded first class medals for his exhibits and his works have been purchased by the imperial household although fujii s works are extremely detailed and very similar to the for example komai s works they are done in the etching technique and not in zogan because fujii s company was called fujii damascene co or fujii zogan co there should be arts he made in a zogan technique but until now none of these were discovered 14 see also edit kris intarsia marquetry bidriware references edit the damascene from toledo the ancient tradition of culture and gold artesania tradicional toledana 30 march 2016 retrieved 30 november 2022 damascene koftgari metal inlay of rajasthan asia inch encyclopedia of intangible cultural heritage retrieved 2026 03 27 touma joseph b in the shadow of the mamluks damascene and near eastern metalwork rawi rawi ntsal dev retrieved 2024 07 22 egypt reclaims niello a craft for kings and sultans garland magazine garlandmag com 2020 05 28 retrieved 2024 07 22 1 2 3 lavin 1997 p 63 khalili nasser d foreword in lavin 1997 p 8 1 2 plácido zuloaga y zuloaga real academia de la historia dbe rah es in spanish retrieved 2020 04 09 lavin 1997 p 34 larrañaga ramiro damascene as part of the engraver s art in lavin 1997 p 37 blair claude introduction in lavin 1997 p 9 spanish damascene metalwork khalili collections retrieved 2020 04 09 damascene ware in spain s toledo the new york times 1982 04 11 issn 0362 4331 retrieved 2016 06 20 fujii yoshitoyo www smokingsamurai com retrieved apr 13 2020 sources edit lavin james d 1997 the art and tradition of the zuloagas spanish damascene from the khalili collection oxford khalili family trust in association with the victoria and albert museum isbn 1 874780 10 2 oclc 37560664 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to damascening demonstration of the technique as practiced in toledo spain el arte de toledo damascening encyclopædia britannica 11th ed 1911 special presentation what is gold damascening at forgotten weapons artisan plates of damascene archived 2019 11 05 at the wayback machine v t e decorative arts and handicraft textile banner making crocheting cross stitch embroidery felting friendship bracelet knitting lace making lucet macrame millinery needlepoint needlework patchwork quilting ribbon embroidery carpet rug hooking rug making sewing shoemaking spinning string art tapestry tatting tie dye weaving paper altered book bookbinding calligraphy cardmaking cast paper collage decoupage papier collé photomontage decal iris folding kamikiri origami kirigami moneygami embossing marbling papercraft papercutting chinese jewish slavic papermaking paper toys papier mâché pop up book quilling scrapbooking stamping wallpaper wood bentwood cabinetry carpentry chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia marquetry wood burning wood carving woodturning ceramic azulejo bone china earthenware porcelain pottery stoneware terracotta tile glass cameo glass chip work enamelled glass glass etching glassware mirror stained glass metal andiron bronze and brass chemical milling damascening enamel engraving etching goldsmith ironwork jewellery silversmith other assemblage balloon modelling beadwork bone carving box concrete dala horse doll making dollhouse egg decorating engraved gems faux painting featherwork kāhili folding grotesque gargoyle hardstone carving inro laminate lath art lapidary leatherworking miniatures mosaic glass micromosaic macaroni art netsuke ornament pargeting pietra dura private press oshibana pressed flower craft scrimshaw straw marquetry taxidermy vase wall decal regional or historical mexico painting in hälsingland kashmir qing russia victorian authority control databases national united states france bnf data japan israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title damascening oldid 1363845662 categories damascus metalworking artistic techniques hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from october 2020 all articles needing additional references cs1 spanish language sources es commons category link is on wikidata wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 12 july 2026 at 20 54 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents damascening 23 languages add topic