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danian wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 stratigraphic definitions 2 paleontology 3 latest danian event 4 references toggle references subsection 4 1 literature 5 external links toggle the table of contents danian 30 languages afrikaans العربية asturianu català čeština dansk deutsch español euskara فارسی suomi français galego bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 latviešu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk nynorsk polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски svenska українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia first age of the paleocene epoch for the villages in iran see danian iran danian 66 0 61 66 ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n chronology 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 mz cenozoic k paleogene n lk paleo eocene oligo mc maastricht danian selandian thanetian ypresian lutetian bartonian priabonian rupelian chattian aquitanian petm first antarctic permanent ice sheets 1 k pg mass extinction subdivision of the paleogene according to the ics as of 2024 2 vertical axis scale millions of years ago formerly part of tertiary period system etymology name formality formal usage information celestial body earth regional usage global ics time scale s used ics time scale definition chronological unit age stratigraphic unit stage time span formality formal lower boundary definition iridium enriched layer associated with a major meteorite impact and subsequent k pg extinction event 3 lower boundary gssp el kef section el kef tunisia 36 09 13 n 8 38 55 e 36 1537 n 8 6486 e 36 1537 8 6486 3 lower gssp ratified 1991 3 upper boundary definition onset of sea level drop and carbon isotope shift upper boundary gssp zumaia section basque country spain 43 17 57 n 2 15 40 w 43 2992 n 2 2610 w 43 2992 2 2610 upper gssp ratified 2008 4 the danian is the oldest age or lowest stage of the paleocene epoch or series of the paleogene period or system and of the cenozoic era or erathem the beginning of the danian and the end of the preceding maastrichtian is at the cretaceous paleogene extinction event 66 ma the age ended 61 66 ma being followed by the selandian 5 stratigraphic definitions edit the danian was introduced in scientific literature by german swiss geologist pierre jean édouard desor in 1847 following a study of fossils found in france and denmark 6 he identified this stage in deposits from faxe and møns klint and named it after the latin name for denmark 6 the montian stage from belgian stratigraphy named after the city of mons is now known to be roughly equivalent to the upper danian and is considered a junior synonym and is no longer in use 7 the base of the danian is defined at the iridium anomaly which characterized the cretaceous paleogene boundary k t boundary in stratigraphic sections worldwide a section in el kef tunisia was appointed as a reference profile gssp for this important boundary 8 the danian is the oldest age of the paleocene defined at its base by the k pg boundary it is very important because the readily recognized iridium anomaly and primitive danian planktonic foraminifers define the base of the danian danian foraminiferans repopulated the paleocene seas after the cretaceous mass extinction olsson et al 1996 the first replacement foraminiferan of the paleogene is the globigerina eugubina which is used to define the base of the danian age stainforth et al 1975 this foraminiferan replaced the cretaceous genus globotruncana the top of the danian stage the base of the selandian is close to the boundary between biozones np4 and np5 from marine biostratigraphy it is slightly after the first appearances of many new species of the calcareous nanoplankton genus fasciculithus f ulii f billii f janii f involutus f tympaniformis and f pileatus and close to the first appearance of calcareous nanoplankton species neochiastozygus perfectus the danian stage overlaps the puercan and torrejonian north american land mammal ages and the shanghuan and lowest part of the nongshanian asian land mammal ages it includes the oldest mammal paleogene zones all included in the 1 5 group 9 paleontology edit immediately following the extinction of non avian dinosaurs mammals began to rapidly evolve larger body sizes with the first large mammalian predators like eoconodon evolving in less than one million years 10 numerous lineages of modern birds also survived particularly in the area around australia but also elsewhere e g scaniornis of the north sea region the oceans remained much the same as the late cretaceous seas only that there was less life few remaining marine reptiles mostly turtles choristodera and crocodiles and other lesser known animals there are controversial reports of ammonites mainly of the scaphitidae class in turkmenistan 11 still being around at this time although they did not survive the danian age 12 latest danian event edit further information latest danian event close to the end of the danian around 62 2 ma occurred a hyperthermal similar to but smaller in magnitude compared to the more famous palaeocene eocene thermal maximum petm 13 known as the latest danian event lde 14 the event which took place over a 170 230 kyr time interval 15 is evidenced in the geologic record by two negative carbon isotope excursions and is believed to have led to a 2 3 c 3 6 5 4 f warming of both deep and surface seawater 16 this hyperthermal also led to a shallowing of the oceanic lysocline as evidenced by the significant decrease in calcium carbonate preservation 14 references edit zachos james c kump lee r may 2005 carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of antarctic glaciation in the earliest oligocene global and planetary change 47 1 51 66 bibcode 2005gpc 47 51z doi 10 1016 j gloplacha 2005 01 001 retrieved october 2 2025 international chronostratigraphic chart pdf international commission on stratigraphy december 2024 retrieved october 23 2025 1 2 3 molina eustoquio alegret laia arenillas ignacio josé a arz gallala njoud hardenbol jan katharina von salis steurbaut etienne vandenberghe noel dalila zaghibib turki 2006 the global boundary stratotype section and point for the base of the danian stage paleocene paleogene tertiary cenozoic at el kef tunisia original definition and revision episodes 29 4 263 278 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2006 v29i4 004 schmitz b pujalte v molina e monechi s orue etxebarria x speijer r p alegret l apellaniz e arenillas i aubry m p baceta j i berggren w a bernaola g caballero f clemmensen a dinarès turell j dupuis c heilmann clausen c orús a h knox r martín rubio m ortiz s payros a petrizzo m r von salis k sprong j steurbaut e thomsen e 2011 the global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the selandian middle paleocene and thanetian upper paleocene paleocene stages at zumaia spain episodes 34 4 220 243 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2011 v34i4 002 international commission on stratigraphy 2017 1 2 danien den store danske encyklopædi de geyter g de man e herman j jacobs p moorkens t steurbat e vandenberghe n 2006 disused paleogene regional stages from belgium montian heersian landenian paniselian bruxellian laekenian ledian wemmelian and tongrian geologica belgica 9 1 2 203 213 the gssp for the danian stage was established by molina et al 2006 alroy john mammal paleogene zones fossilworks gateway to the paleobiology database retrieved 17 december 2021 t r lyson i m miller a d bercovici k weissenburger a j fuentes w c clyde j w hagadorn m j butrim k r johnson r f fleming r s barclay s a maccracken b lloyd g p wilson d w krause s g b chester october 2019 exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the cretaceous paleogene mass extinction science 366 6468 977 983 doi 10 1126 science aay2268 pmid 31649141 s2cid 204883579 family scaphitidae gill 1871 ammonite pbdb squid empire the rise and fall of the cephalopods by danna staaf sprong m youssef j a bornemann andré schulte p steurbaut e stassen p kouwenhoven t j speijer robert p september 2011 a multi proxy record of the latest danian event at gebel qreiya eastern desert egypt pdf journal of micropalaeontology 30 2 167 182 bibcode 2011jmicp 30 167s doi 10 1144 0262 821x10 023 s2cid 55038043 archived from the original pdf on 28 june 2023 retrieved 26 november 2022 1 2 jehle sofie bornemann andré lägel anna friederike deprez arne speijer robert p 1 july 2019 paleoceanographic changes across the latest danian event in the south atlantic ocean and planktic foraminiferal response pdf palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 525 1 13 bibcode 2019ppp 525 1j doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2019 03 024 s2cid 134929774 retrieved 6 november 2022 jehle sofie bornemann andré deprez arne speijer robert p 25 november 2015 the impact of the latest danian event on planktic foraminiferal faunas at odp site 1210 shatsky rise pacific ocean plos one 10 11 e0141644 bibcode 2015ploso 1041644j doi 10 1371 journal pone 0141644 pmc 4659543 pmid 26606656 bornemann andré jehle sofie lägel friederike deprez arne petrizzo maria rose speijer robert p 22 february 2021 planktic foraminiferal response to an early paleocene transient warming event and biostratigraphic implications international journal of earth sciences 110 2 583 594 bibcode 2021ijeas 110 583b doi 10 1007 s00531 020 01972 z hdl 2434 817466 s2cid 231981891 retrieved 26 november 2022 literature edit wikisource has original works on the topic cenozoic paleogene desor p j é 1847 sur le terrain danien nouvel étage de la craie bulletin de la société géologique de france série 2 3 pp 179 181 issn 0037 9409 in french gradstein f m ogg j g smith a g 2004 a geologic time scale 2004 cambridge university press molina e alegret l arenillas i arz j a gallala n hardenbol j salis k von steurbaut e vandenberghe n zaghbib turki d 2006 the global boundary stratotype section and point for the base of the danian stage paleocene paleogene tertiary cenozoic at el kef tunisia original definition and revision episodes 29 4 pp 263 273 issn 0705 3797 olsson r k liu c and van fossen m 1996 the cretaceous tertiary catastrophe event at millers ferry alabama in ryder g fastovsky d and gartner s eds the cretaceous tertiary event and other catastrophes in earth history geological society of america special paper 307 pp 263 277 stainforth r m lamb j l lutherbacher h beard j h and jeffords r m 1975 cenozoic planktonic foraminifera zonation and characteristics of index forms the university of kansas paleontological institute article 62 425 p external links edit geowhen database danian archived 2010 08 24 at the wayback machine paleogene timescale 2008 at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ics stratigraphic chart of the paleogene 2006 at the website of norges network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy v t e paleogene period paleocene epoch eocene epoch oligocene epoch danian selandian thanetian ypresian lutetian bartonian priabonian rupelian chattian v t e geological history of earth cenozoic era present 66 0 ma quaternary present 2 58 ma holocene present 11 7 ka pleistocene 11 7 ka 2 58 ma neogene 2 58 23 0 ma pliocene 2 59 5 33 ma miocene 5 33 23 0 ma paleogene 23 0 66 0 ma oligocene 23 0 33 9 ma eocene 33 9 56 0 ma paleocene 56 0 66 0 ma mesozoic era 66 0 252 ma cretaceous 66 0 145 ma late 66 0 100 ma early 100 145 ma jurassic 145 201 ma late 145 164 ma middle 164 174 ma early 174 201 ma triassic 201 252 ma late 201 237 ma middle 237 247 ma early 247 252 ma paleozoic era 252 539 ma permian 252 299 ma lopingian 252 260 ma guadalupian 260 272 ma cisuralian 272 299 ma carboniferous 299 359 ma pennsylvanian 299 323 ma mississippian 323 359 ma devonian 359 419 ma late 359 383 ma middle 383 393 ma early 393 419 ma silurian 419 444 ma pridoli 419 423 ma ludlow 423 427 ma wenlock 427 433 ma llandovery 433 444 ma ordovician 444 485 ma late 444 458 ma middle 458 470 ma early 470 485 ma cambrian 485 539 ma furongian 485 497 ma miaolingian 497 509 ma series 2 509 521 ma terreneuvian 521 539 ma proterozoic eon 539 ma 2 5 ga neoproterozoic 539 ma 1 ga ediacaran 539 635 ma cryogenian 635 720 ma tonian 720 ma 1 ga mesoproterozoic 1 1 6 ga stenian 1 1 2 ga ectasian 1 2 1 4 ga calymmian 1 4 1 6 ga paleoproterozoic 1 6 2 5 ga statherian 1 6 1 8 ga orosirian 1 8 2 05 ga rhyacian 2 05 2 3 ga siderian 2 3 2 5 ga archean eon 2 5 4 ga neoarchean 2 5 2 8 ga mesoarchean 2 8 3 2 ga paleoarchean 3 2 3 6 ga eoarchean 3 6 4 ga hadean eon 4 4 6 ga ka kiloannum thousand years ago ma megaannum million years ago ga gigaannum billion years ago see also geologic time scale geology portal world portal authority control databases gnd retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title danian oldid 1348016292 categories danian paleocene geochronology danian first appearances geological ages hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata pages using gadget wikiminiatlas articles with french language sources fr webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 10 april 2026 at 05 06 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the 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